Sustainable Materials and Technologies最新文献

{"title":"Application of a novel magnetic Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst boron doped-rGO/Fe₂O₃/N-TiO₂ composite for degradation of Rhodamine B dye","authors":"Nagma Khan ,&nbsp;Kavita Tapadia ,&nbsp;Chandrakant Thakur","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2026.e01881","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2026.e01881","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study reports, the development of a novel magnetic <em>Z</em>-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst, boron-doped reduced graphene oxide/Fe₂O₃/N-TiO₂ (B-rGO/Fe₂O₃/N-TiO₂) composite, synthesised via a hydrothermal process. Comprehensive characterization using FTIR, XRD, SEM, HRTEM, XPS, EPR, UV–Vis DRS, particle size distribution, and zeta potential analyses confirmed effective boron doping, the formation of crystalline anatase TiO₂ and Fe₂O₃ phases, the presence of paramagnetic Fe³⁺ centres, and enhanced surface charge stability. The photocatalytic efficiency of the composite was evaluated through the degradation study of Rhodamine B dye under UV irradiation. At Optimal operational conditions pH 6, catalyst dosage of 20 mg, and dye concentration of 10 mg/L and time 120 min show 94.56% degradation of Rhodamine B dye. The kinetic study based on a pseudo-first order model, yielding a rate constant of k = 0.0254 min⁻¹, indicates enhanced activity. The composite retained high efficiency over five consecutive cycles, demonstrating good stability and recyclability. Radical scavenging experiments identified superoxide radicals (•O₂⁻) and hydroxyl radicals (•OH) as the dominant reactive species. A <em>Z</em>-scheme charge transfer mechanism was proposed, in which photogenerated electrons in the CB of Fe₂O₃ recombine with holes in the VB of N-TiO₂ through B-rGO mediator, resulting in enhanced redox potential and suppressed charge recombination. The findings highlight the potential of the B-rGO/Fe₂O₃/N-TiO₂ composite as an efficient and reusable photocatalyst for environmental remediation applications.</div></div><div><h3>Environmental implication</h3><div>The present study demonstrates that the synthesised B-rGO/Fe₂O₃/N-TiO₂ photocatalyst effectively degrades Rhodamine B dye under visible light irradiation, highlighting its potential for treating dye-contaminated wastewater. Minor environmental implications may arise during the synthesis stage due to the use of certain chemicals; however, these impacts can be mitigated through appropriate handling and waste management practices. Furthermore, the reusability of the photocatalyst was evaluated to ensure sustainable operation and to minimize solid waste generation, confirming its potential for repeated use with consistent performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article e01881"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bimetallic MOFs/MXene-derived heterogeneous photocatalyst for enhanced adsorption and synergistic photo-Fenton degradation of methylene blue","authors":"Wenjuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhongliang Li ,&nbsp;Yezhi Ding ,&nbsp;Panpan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yongqiang Wan ,&nbsp;Qiaohong Zhang ,&nbsp;Jinyuan Ma ,&nbsp;Youliang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2026.e01901","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2026.e01901","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of iron-based heterogeneous Fenton catalysts is often hindered by challenges including slow Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺ cycling, limited interfacial electron transfer kinetics, and inefficient mass transport, leading to suboptimal catalytic efficiency. In this work, three distinct assembly strategies—hydrogen bonding, electrostatic self-assembly, and solvothermal methods—were utilized to fabricate MCuFe-MOF/PMMA@MXene (denoted as MPM) microspheres for the photo-Fenton degradation of methylene blue (MB). Notably, the microspheres fabricated via electrostatic self-assembly (designated <em>E</em>-MPM) exhibited a unique three-dimensional (3D) microsphere architecture. This structure significantly enhanced the adsorption capacity for pollutants and improved mass transfer, concurrently broadening the visible-light absorption range. The well-defined interfaces within the <em>E</em>-MPM microspheres facilitate the formation of multiple heterojunctions with favorable band alignment, which effectively promotes the generation and separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Consequently, highly reactive free radicals are efficiently generated through the photo-Fenton process, the <em>E</em>-MPM microspheres demonstrated high catalytic activity, achieving a remarkable MB degradation efficiency of approximately 91.9% within 60 min at 4 g/L MB under visible-light irradiation. This study not only provides a fundamental insight into the design of bimetallic MOF/MXene-derived heterogeneous photocatalysts, but also broadens the application scope of MXene-based materials in advanced water treatment technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article e01901"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanochemical processing of date fronds and seeds: Chemistry-dependent nano-fibrillation and dispersion properties","authors":"Qian Liu ,&nbsp;Asier de Santos Larrañaga ,&nbsp;Mohamed Hamid Salim ,&nbsp;Malak AbuZaid ,&nbsp;M-Haidar A. Dali ,&nbsp;Fawzi Banat ,&nbsp;Marco Beaumont ,&nbsp;Erlantz Lizundia ,&nbsp;Blaise L. Tardy","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2026.e01903","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2026.e01903","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Date seed and frond are the principal by-products of date palm trees. Despite their abundance, their potential as feedstocks for high-value fibrillated materials remains underexplored. This study provides the first systematic comparison of the sub-cellular fibrillation behavior of date palm waste, specifically date fronds (DF) and date seeds (DS) as a function of alkaline, oxidative, or combined chemical pre-treatments followed by ball milling. By exploring how the distinct chemistries influence fibrillation efficiency, gel formation, and sedimentation, the work establishes a detailed structure-processing-property relationship. The obtained dispersions were examined for their physico-chemical properties, such as gelling and sedimentation behavior. DF samples generally exhibited superior fibrillation, particularly following oxidative and alkaline-oxidative treatments, whereas sulfite-oxidative routes generated aggregated clusters rather than uniform nanofibers. DS-derived biomass showed pronounced aggregation and shorter fibrillar or particulate structures, reflecting intrinsic differences in composition and microstructure. The combination of oxidative and alkaline-oxidative treatments was the most effective approach for obtaining high-quality nanocellulose from DF. Interestingly, for both samples after chemical treatments and thorough removal of residuals, mechanical fibrillation led to large amounts of non-fibrous leachates in the dispersion. Overall, this study outlines the key chemical factors governing nanofibrillation of date palm residues and provides guidance for optimizing their conversion into biomass-based micro- and nanomaterials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article e01903"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetic study of HER inhibition and OER promotion with selenization on Rh/Ni(OH)2 catalysts","authors":"Dongdong Qin ,&nbsp;Xingyun Li ,&nbsp;Farhat Nosheen ,&nbsp;Xueyan Wu ,&nbsp;Yan Lv ,&nbsp;Jixi Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01814","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01814","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rational design and construction of efficient and stable bifunctional electrocatalysts remain a significant challenge in advancing the development of overall water splitting technology. In this work, Rh/Ni(OH)₂ and Rh/Ni₃Se₄ catalysts are successfully fabricated on nickel foam (NF) substrates for cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER), respectively. The influence of selenization on the kinetics of the HER and OER catalyzed by Rh/Ni(OH)₂ is systematically investigated. Results demonstrate that selenization <em>(</em>Rh/Ni₃Se₄) promotes the generation of high-valent Ni and significantly reduces the charge transfer resistance, thereby enhancing the OER activity. However, selenization increases the adsorption and desorption energy barriers of H intermediates, leading to a decrease in HER performance. At a current density of 10 mA cm⁻², the HER overpotential of the Rh/Ni₃Se₄/NF catalyst increases by 19 mV while the OER overpotential decreases by 50 mV compared to Rh/Ni(OH)₂/NF. Notably, an asymmetric electrolyzer utilizing these catalysts operates stably for over 800 h at a current density of 500 mA cm⁻² and maintains stability for 1000 h in start-stop cycle tests. This work provides a theoretical basis and experimental reference for the rational design of selenide catalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article e01814"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145748117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of MXenes in carbon capture and storage: Innovations and environmental impact","authors":"Priyanka Mahajan ,&nbsp;Virat Khanna ,&nbsp;Mansi Sharma ,&nbsp;Kamaljit Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01819","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01819","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An earnest need to mitigate global climate change encompasses capturing greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the environment, particularly carbon dioxide (CO₂). Thus, innovations in the field of CO₂ capture are a prime necessity and gaining supreme importance. The current review has predominantly focused upon deciphering the CO₂ capture capabilities of wonder two-dimensional (2D) MXenes materials. MXenes with superb surface area outperform traditional materials in adsorption capacity. Besides, high suitability for surface functionalization adorns MXenes material for selective adsorption of CO₂ with the least energy consumption, outshining them from conventional amine-based adsorbents. The remarkable regeneration and durability abilities of MXenes build a new era of affordable and sustainable carbon capture and storage (CCS) practices. Replacing hydrofluoric acid (HF) etching with green MXenes synthesis techniques, such as microwave-assisted, electrochemical etching, and LiF process, significantly reduces the environmental impacts as well as enhances the scalability. The life cycle assessment (LCA) studies thus reveal that the implication of MXenes in CO₂ capture reduces the GHG emissions as compared to traditional coal-based adsorbents, which utilise non-renewable energy resources. Introducing the surface functional groups and noble metal doping in the structure of MXenes further push the CO₂ capture limits of these materials by embellishing their gas adsorption properties. Discussing mechanisms involved in the MXenes-based CO₂ capture and their integration with CCS, along with the thermodynamics involved through various lab-scale studies and their practical advantages, the current review may aid the scientific community in further advancements. Conclusively, MXenes-based CO₂ capture supports SDGs 11 and 13 pertaining to capturing and removal of air pollutants and provides a sustainable, economic, scalable, and highly efficient way for a cleaner and greener future. However, the challenges about the present process are identified and their suggested addressal have been discussed along with the impact of integrating more advanced computational modelling and ML-based techniques on the resilience of MXenes-based CO₂ capture techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article e01819"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward circular asphalt materials: Rheological and microstructural insights into the rejuvenation of SBS-modified binders","authors":"Xiong Xu ,&nbsp;Yuhao Peng ,&nbsp;Yu Liu ,&nbsp;Junwen Pei ,&nbsp;Jie Liu ,&nbsp;Anand Sreeram","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01787","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01787","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>SBS modified asphalt (SBSMA) pavement experiences natural aging, reducing strength and increasing cracking susceptibility. To address environmental pollution and promote recycling, rejuvenators are used to restore aged asphalt. However, conventional methods, such as adding virgin asphalt or replenishing missing components, are often ineffective. To achieve simultaneous rejuvenation of SBS molecules and the asphalt matrix, this study developed a novel composite rejuvenator by blending polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (PMDI) with aromatic oil (AO) at varying ratios. Dynamic shear rheological (DSR) tests, Christensen-Anderson (CA) model fitting, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and fluorescence microscopy (FM) were used to characterize rejuvenation. Results demonstrated that the combined use of AO and PMDI effectively rejuvenates both aged asphalt components and SBS modifiers, with optimal efficiency at a 3 % dosage (AO:PMDI = 7:3). At low temperatures (5 °C), aromatic fraction replenishment and reconstruction of flexible polybutadiene (PB) segments in SBS molecules significantly enhanced the ductility of aged SBSMA. Under medium and high temperatures (25 °C, 60 °C), restored SBS crosslinking structures endowed the asphalt with superior elasticity, improving rutting resistance by 57 % at 25 °C. FTIR and FM analyses revealed the reaction mechanism involving isocyanate groups and validated the optimal rejuvenator ratio. This composite rejuvenator demonstrates comprehensive rejuvenation capability for SBSMA while meeting engineering performance requirements, presenting an efficient solution for SBSMA rejuvenation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article e01787"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145610507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-temperature direct reduction of secondary antimony oxide via biomass residue","authors":"Zhe Gao ,&nbsp;Biao Liang ,&nbsp;Xiangfeng Kong ,&nbsp;Bin Yang ,&nbsp;Feng Zhu ,&nbsp;Dachun Liu ,&nbsp;Baozhong Ma ,&nbsp;Shaoxiong Li ,&nbsp;Hongwei Yang ,&nbsp;Jia Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2026.e01914","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2026.e01914","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antimony oxide, an important secondary resource, is traditionally recovered through energy-intensive and emission-intensive carbothermal reduction route. A low-carbon strategy of biomass residue low-temperature direct reduction (BDR) was proposed. TG-FTIR-GCMS demonstrated that the representative biomass residue of <em>Cunninghamia Lanceolata</em> scrap (CLS) are subjected to non‑oxygen pyrolysis (441–794 K), resulting in the directed production of new-type reductive species (CO, CH₄, H₂, C₂H₄) and biochar. XRD and SEM revealed that C₂H₄, CH₄, H₂, CO and biochar had sequentially or alternately reduced secondary antimony oxide (SAO) under variable temperature conditions, producing micrometer spherical metallic antimony. XRD quantitative analysis confirmed that the reduction product consisted of 90.91 wt% Sb and 9.09 wt% Sb₂O₃, with a reduction efficiency reaching 92.36% under 923 K. Relative to conventional carbothermal reduction, multiple indicators showed significant improvement, with the reaction temperature reduced by 400 K and the process cycle shortened by 3 days. These results highlight the innovative integration of biomass residue pyrolysis with sustainable reduction of SAO, providing a generalized approach for the reduction of non-ferrous metal oxides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article e01914"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intelligent prediction of fire retardancy and smoke suppression in waste wood composites with a hybrid deep learning model","authors":"Manqi Xu ,&nbsp;Liwen Zhou ,&nbsp;Junjie Xia ,&nbsp;Shenjie Han ,&nbsp;Xingying Zhang ,&nbsp;Kongjie Gu ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Dong ,&nbsp;Junfeng Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01799","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01799","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The green and high-value utilization of waste wood is crucial for sustainable development in the wood industry. In this study, waste wood served as the primary raw material, modified with bio-derived tannic acid (TA) and phytic acid (PA) as flame retardants, to fabricate high-performance biomass-based composite. The synergistic mechanisms between waste wood, modifiers, and adhesives were elucidated using techniques including FTIR, XPS, and SEM-EDS. Deep learning models—RNN, LSTM, and CNN-LSTM-A—were innovatively applied to predict flame retardancy (heat release rate (HRR), total heat release (THR)) and smoke suppression (total smoke release (TSR), total smoke production (TSP)) of the composites. The results indicate that the addition of 9 wt% TA/PA significantly enhances the flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties of the composite material. Specifically, the PHRR and THR were reduced by 49.03 % and 11.52 %, respectively, while the TSR and TSP both decreased substantially by 87.20 %. The modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), and internal bond strength (IB) increased by 34.01 %, 35.52 %, and 84.62 %, enabling simultaneous enhancement of flame retardancy and mechanical properties. The CNN-LSTM-A model demonstrated superior prediction accuracy, with R² values between 0.9769 and 0.9949 (Testing sets) and 0.9776–0.9981 (Training sets). This work provides both theoretical and practical support for developing high-performance green composites from waste wood via TA/PA modification and introduces a deep learning-based intelligent prediction approach for performance-oriented design and development of advanced wood composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article e01799"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145692092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thin layer graphite confined nano-SnO2 formed in-situ for advanced lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Mingxin Ran ,&nbsp;Chunyan Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiaxing Luo ,&nbsp;Zhengquan He ,&nbsp;Yu Jiang ,&nbsp;Wei Xiao ,&nbsp;Xuemin Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01798","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01798","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A composite material derived from graphite modified with high-specific-capacity metal oxides demonstrates significant enhancement in electrochemical performance for lithium-ion battery anodes. In this study, calcium carbide and tin (II) chloride dihydrate can be directly converted into graphite and elemental tin by a one-step thermochemical reaction. Subsequently, through a low-temperature heat treatment in air environment, thin-layer graphite-confined nano-SnO₂ (SnO₂@G) was obtained. The nano-sized tin dioxide generated in situ enhanced the lithium storage capacity, while the thin layer of graphite provided a flexible and tough base, effectively alleviating the volume expansion of tin dioxide. As an anode material for lithium-ion batteries, SnO₂@G₉₀₀ demonstrates excellent lithium storage performance, achieving a capacity of 913.5 mA h g⁻¹ at 0.1 A g⁻¹, and a capacity of 515.4 mA h g⁻¹ after 400 cycles at 2 A g⁻¹. This work proposes a simple and successful approach for producing SnO₂-thin layer graphite composites, which are anticipated to represent a novel generation of anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article e01798"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145692091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relative life cycle assessment of mortar mixes incorporating industrial by-products flue gas desulfurization gypsum and fly ash via cradle-to-gate approach","authors":"Payal Bakshi ,&nbsp;Soumitra Maiti ,&nbsp;Aakriti ,&nbsp;Neeraj Jain","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2026.e01870","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2026.e01870","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A relative life cycle assessment (LCA) is conducted for mortar mixes formulated by including flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum, fly ash and ordinary Portland cement (OPC) as binding agents using cradle-to-gate approach by scaling up laboratory size life cycle inventory. Construction is a crucial sector for the sustainable development of Asian countries, as it is increasingly required to transition towards the use of novel ecological mortars. The construction industry is characterised by a significant use of energy and the manufacturing of cement is a major contributor to global environmental pollution. By-products generated by coal fired power plants show potential as a sustainable substitute for cement in mortar. LCA is utilised to measure the potential environmental effects on various indicators including acidification, climate change-global warming potential, ecotoxicity (freshwater, marine, terrestrial), energy resources: non-renewable-abiotic depletion potential: fossil fuels, eutrophication, human toxicity, material resources: metals/minerals-abiotic depletion potential: elements (ultimate reserves), ozone layer depletion and photochemical oxidation of developed mortars. FGD gypsum-Fly ash-Cement (FFC) mortar performs better than Cement mortar (C) in all evaluated environmental impacts. Relative LCA study of sustainable FFC and C mortar mix production was performed using the ecoinvent - CML v4.8 2016 method. Global warming potential of the developed FFC mortar is found to be −3.75972e-1Kg CO₂-Eq. Primary areas of concern are the transportation infrastructure and the usage of fossil fuels in the production of FGD gypsum, fly ash and cement. Substituting natural gas for non-renewable mineral coke will result in a decrease in the overall environmental impacts. Based on the conducted LCA, it has been determined that all the environmental indicators of FFC mortar are considerably lower than those of cement mortar with similar strength. Utilising sustainable FFC mortar will substantially decrease the extraction of non-renewable resources, resulting in a decrease in environmental impacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article e01870"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}