Yongmei Luo , Junqi Li , Chaoyi Chen , Wei Liu , Xiang Yan
{"title":"MnO2-decorated flexible carbon nanofibers with controllable hierarchical porous nanostructures for high energy density supercapacitors","authors":"Yongmei Luo , Junqi Li , Chaoyi Chen , Wei Liu , Xiang Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.surfin.2024.105248","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfin.2024.105248","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Constructing hierarchical porous structures and reducing material size enhance the electrochemical efficiency of porous carbon-based electrodes. In this study, ultrafine hierarchical porous carbon-based nanofibers were synthesized via electrospinning a blend of polyacrylonitrile, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and zinc acetate dihydrate (ZAH), followed by pre-oxidation, carbonization, and acid washing. Adjusting the ZAH content allowed precise control of fiber diameters (300–600 nm) and promoted significant hierarchical porous structures, achieving an optimal mesopore to micropore ratio (1.65) and a high specific surface area (SSA) of 599 m²/g. MnO<sub>2</sub> nanosheets were in-situ modified on the carbon nanofibers, forming a hybrid electrode (MnO<sub>2</sub>@HPCNFs) with excellent flexibility, high SSA value, and rich pore structure. This electrode demonstrated a specific capacitance value equal to 1035 F/g at 0.5 A/g and maintained 80.7% capacitance at 10 A/g. The assembled asymmetric supercapacitor achieved an energy density of 54.81 Wh/kg. This study presents new possibilities for binder-free, self-supporting electrodes in electrochemical energy storage devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22081,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142536129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biochar coupling induced charge transfer switching of a NiAl2O4/NiCr2O4 photocatalyst to enhance photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride","authors":"Xinmiao Yu , Shifa Wang , Yuanyuan Zhang , Xianlun Yu , Xinxin Zhao , Huajing Gao , Hua Yang , Leiming Fang , Asad Syed","doi":"10.1016/j.surfin.2024.105222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfin.2024.105222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A series of novel (NiAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (NAO)/NiCr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (NCO)) (S1)/GL heterojunction photocatalysts, denoting as x%GL/S1 (<em>x</em> = 5, 10, 15 and 20), were prepared by the polyacrylamide gel method combined with low temperature sintering technique. Various characterizations confirm that there is special interfacial contact and charge transfer between NAO, NCO and GL. The 10 %GL/S1 heterojunction exhibited the best photocatalytic activity and cyclic stability for the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC). Compared to NAO, NCO and NAO/NCO, the degradation efficiency of 10 %GL/S1 was significantly improved, and the degradation percentage reached 83.2 % within 30 min. The activity of 10 %GL/S1 was studied in relation to catalyst content, drug concentration, pH value, water quality, and co-existing anion. Trapping experiments and free radical verification experiments confirmed that the holes, hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals played crucial roles in the photocatalysis process. Possible pathways for TC degradation were studied by HPLC-MS, and the ecotoxicity of TC and its degradation intermediates was evaluated by T.E.S.T. software. The charge transfer and photocatalytic mechanisms confirm that the introduction of GL enhances the interfacial interaction between the components, promotes the carrier migration efficiency, provides a large number of active sites for 10 %GL/S1 heterojunction, and produces active free radicals after redox reaction with photoinduced electrons, effectively improving the degradation efficiency of TC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22081,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nae-Un Kang , Ga Hyun Kim , Hee-Kyeong Kim , Se Hun Kim , Young Yul Kim , Hyun-Ha Park , Young-Sam Cho
{"title":"Poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) multi-functional pillar-patterned surface for osteogenic differentiation of pre-osteoblast and anti-bacterial effects to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus","authors":"Nae-Un Kang , Ga Hyun Kim , Hee-Kyeong Kim , Se Hun Kim , Young Yul Kim , Hyun-Ha Park , Young-Sam Cho","doi":"10.1016/j.surfin.2024.105221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfin.2024.105221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cells are sensitive to the surface topographical environment, which can subsequently induce changes in cell morphology, cytoskeleton, and differentiation. Therefore, the topological environment in bone implant devices is known to influence the cell behavior, adhesion, and differentiation of osteoblasts. Furthermore, bone implant devices with anti-bacterial properties could be necessary to prevent surgical site infections (SSIs). Consequently, there is a demand for research into multi-functional surfaces that can facilitate osteoblast differentiation while also possessing an anti-bacterial effect. In this study, we fabricated and assessed the poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) nano/micro pillar-patterned surface to find the optimized dimensional characteristics of the pillar pattern for multi-functional effect. Results observed that the pillar pattern enhanced differentiation to osteoblast on the pillar-patterned surface (D1S0.5) having pillars with 0.5 μm height, 1 μm diameter, and 0.5 μm spacing between pillars and pillar-patterned surface (D1S1) having pillars with 0.5 μm height, 1 μm diameter, and 1 μm spacing between pillars. Subsequently, results of evaluating anti-bacterial effect revealed that the optimized pillar-patterned surface exhibited remarkable antibacterial effect, with the D1S0.5 pillar-patterned surface showing the highest antibacterial effect. Consequently, this study proposed and verified a multi-functional pillar-patterned surface capable of promoting osteoblast differentiation with anti-bacterial effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22081,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Rafique , Bachirou Guene Lougou , Shuai Yong , Danish Hussain , Achraf GHORBAL , Bo Wang
{"title":"DFT based investigations on inherent CO2 adsorption and direct dissociation capability of Ti2C and Nb2C mxenes","authors":"Muhammad Rafique , Bachirou Guene Lougou , Shuai Yong , Danish Hussain , Achraf GHORBAL , Bo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.surfin.2024.105196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfin.2024.105196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transition metal carbide MXenes, specifically Ti<sub>2</sub>C and Nb<sub>2</sub>C, have been investigated for their ability to efficiently adsorb and dissociate CO<sub>2</sub> using First Principles Calculations based on Density Functional Theory (FPS-DFT). Pure Ti<sub>2</sub>C and Nb<sub>2</sub>C sheets were studied with the adsorption <strong><em>of 1 to 4 CO<sub>2</sub> molecules</em></strong>, and the results were analyzed for each case. For 4 CO<sub>2</sub> molecules adsorbed on Ti<sub>2</sub>C and Nb<sub>2</sub>C sheets, the weight percentage (wt%) ratio was found to be <strong><em>21.39% and 14.33%,</em></strong> respectively. The Density of States (DOS) analysis revealed that, upon CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption, the CO<sub>2</sub> molecule dissociates <strong><em>into CO and O atoms on the MXene surface</em></strong>. The CO molecule showed no significant hybridization with the host sheet atoms, whereas the O atom exhibited strong hybridization with the MXene surface. Transition State (TS) profiles illustrated the dissociation steps on both Ti<sub>2</sub>C and Nb<sub>2</sub>C surfaces. Phonon calculations confirmed the dynamic stability of both pure and CO<sub>2</sub> adsorbed MXenes. Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations conducted at 900 K indicated uniform temperature and Mean Square displacement (MSD) profiles, suggesting the stability of both pure and CO<sub>2</sub> adsorbed MXenes at elevated temperatures, <strong><em>as well as uniform CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption behavior.</em></strong> The adsorption energies for Ti<sub>2</sub>C and Nb<sub>2</sub>C sheets were calculated to be in the range of <strong><em>-1.89 to -2.77</em></strong> <strong><em>eV, suggesting that the adsorption process is favorable</em></strong>, spontaneous, and predominantly involves <strong><em>chemisorption</em></strong>. These findings indicate that Ti<sub>2</sub>C and Nb<sub>2</sub>C MXenes, in their intrinsic forms, are promising candidates for CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption and dissociation technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22081,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qinghua Liu , Xintong Yao , Xujing Zhao , Feiyang Zhang , Dafeng Zhang , Junchang Liu , Peiqing Cai , Xipeng Pu
{"title":"Flower-like NiFe layered double hydroxide/Bi2WO6 S-scheme heterojunction for photodegradation of ciprofloxacin under visible light","authors":"Qinghua Liu , Xintong Yao , Xujing Zhao , Feiyang Zhang , Dafeng Zhang , Junchang Liu , Peiqing Cai , Xipeng Pu","doi":"10.1016/j.surfin.2024.105213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfin.2024.105213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photocatalytic degradation stands as an effective remedy to solve the global environmental pollution caused by organic pollutants. In this study, we synthesized a NiFe layered double hydroxide/Bi<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>6</sub> (NF-LDH/BWO) Step-scheme (S-scheme) heterojunction. The attachment of NF-LDH particles on flower-like BWO increased the active sites and the interface area between two pure materials. The construction of LDH/BWO heterojunction endowed with improved light absorption capacity and boosted separation efficiency of photo-generated carriers. Consequently, compared with BWO and NF-LDH, the NF-LDH/BWO composites showed enhanced photoactivities. At NF-LDH mass ratio of 10%, the optimal degradation rate of ciprofloxacin (75.9%) within 60 min under visible illumination was achieved, 1.43- and 9.37-fold those of BWO and NF-LDH, respectively. In addition, the NF-LDH/BWO composite also demonstrated excellent cyclic stability. The S-scheme mechanism was proposed based on both experimental and density functional calculation results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22081,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guoqing Zhao , Eunwook Jeong , Fengqi Ji , Sang-Geul Lee , Seung Min Yu , Jiayin Li , Tao Wang , Wei Chu , Jungheum Yun
{"title":"Underlying principles of Ge-induced early cluster-to-layer transition for ultrathin Ag layer formation on oxides","authors":"Guoqing Zhao , Eunwook Jeong , Fengqi Ji , Sang-Geul Lee , Seung Min Yu , Jiayin Li , Tao Wang , Wei Chu , Jungheum Yun","doi":"10.1016/j.surfin.2024.105208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfin.2024.105208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fabrication of continuous Ag layers with thicknesses of <10 nm are challenging. Moreover, information on the crucial factors responsible for early cluster-to-layer transition is limited. Hence, this study focuses on the effects of thin Ge interlayers in forming Ag layers on SiO<em><sub>x</sub></em> substrates. Experimental and numerical analyses demonstrate the active migration and intermixing of atomic Ge in the Ag and SiO<em><sub>x</sub></em> matrices during the early Ag layering stages. The incorporation of Ge into Ag matrices facilitates a faster cluster-to-layer transition than those with Al and Cu. Ge-mediated Ag clustering reduces the rearrangement momenta of extremely small Ag clusters densely concentrated on SiO<em><sub>x</sub></em> substrates. This is attributed to the Ge-induced reduction in the diffusion of atomic Ag in the surfaces of volatile Ag clusters and consequently, the suppression of cluster coalescence. These findings provide insights into the unconventional role of Ge in Ag clustering dynamics. Thus, this study presents a crucial framework for optimizing Ag wetting on oxide substrates with ultralow optical and electrical losses via extreme dissipation of the residual amounts of metalloid wetting-inducing elements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22081,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Prasad , A. Maha Lakshmi , Sathaiah Murimadugula , P. Venkateswara Rao , Kusum Kumari , Mutlu Özcan , Narayanan Madaboosi , P. Syam Prasad
{"title":"Hydroxyapatite layer evolution on silica-based (45S10P) bioactive glass-ceramic nanoparticles doped with Zn2+ ions: Augmentation of in vitro bioactivity, antibacterial activity and textural modification for bone regeneration","authors":"A. Prasad , A. Maha Lakshmi , Sathaiah Murimadugula , P. Venkateswara Rao , Kusum Kumari , Mutlu Özcan , Narayanan Madaboosi , P. Syam Prasad","doi":"10.1016/j.surfin.2024.105209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfin.2024.105209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zinc-incorporated bioactive glasses (BG) and bioactive glass-ceramic (BGC) nanoparticles (BGC-NPs) represent highly adaptable, biodegradable, and bioactive materials in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. This study delves into the synthesis, characterization and biomedical implications of Zn<sup>2+</sup> ions-doped 45S10P spherical BGC-NPs, employing analytical techniques and in vitro assays. The resulting (Zn<sup>2+</sup>+ 45S10P) BGC-NPs, prepared using a modified Strober's method, exhibited spherical morphology with excellent dispersion, as verified by TEM, FE-SEM, and DLS analyses. XRD, FTIR, and FESEM analysis revealed an augmented hydroxyapatite (HAp) layer formation with increasing zinc content. Zeta potential analysis showcased a shift from negative to positive values after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF), indicating the bioactive potential of the developed BGC-NPs. Hemocompatibility assays indicated the biocompatibility of all BGC-NPs, demonstrating minimal hemolytic effects with incorporating Zn<sup>2+</sup> ions below a standard threshold (<5 % lysis). Further, the migration assay revealed the potentiality of the BGC-NPs to stimulate the migration of HeLa cells. Cell viability assays employing MG-63 osteoblast-like cells highlighted enhanced cell viability over time, underscoring their non-toxic nature and potential for tissue regeneration. Antibacterial assays displayed significant inhibitory effects against Gram-negative compared to Gram-positive bacteria, underscoring their potential for anti-infection applications. Overall, the results affirm the promising prospects of Zinc incorporation into 45S10P BGC-NPs for bone tissue regeneration applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22081,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inspired by ocean ball buffer pools: Crafting polyurethane elastic nanospheres and their carbon fiber reinforcement potential","authors":"Yuxuan Xing, Dongliang Wu, Shuoyao Song, Xuhao Qin, Lei Liu, Xiaodong Liu, Chuanxiu Hu, Ruliang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.surfin.2024.105212","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfin.2024.105212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Surface modification of carbon fiber (CF) is one of the important technical difficulties in improving the interface performance between CF and epoxy resin, thereby enhancing the performance of carbon fiber composite material. By changing the polarity of the solution, it was easy to achieve the preparation of uniform sized nanoscale spherical particles, and achieved the uniform deposition of a single layer of nanospheres on the surface of carbon fibers, without destroying the original structure and strength of carbon fibers. The polyurethane elastomer nanospheres uniformly distributed on the surface of the modified carbon fibers successfully achieved a new type of elastic interface of carbon fibers and improved the wettability of carbon fibers. Under the mechanism of physical and chemical enhancement, the mechanical properties of the composites were well improved. The results show that the interlaminar shear strength and the tensile strength of single carbon fiber uniformly coated with nanometer polyurethane pellets are increased by 39.68 % and 9.39 %, respectively, compared with the desized CF based composite. The fracture mechanism of the composites under stress was elucidated by the transverse and longitudinal fracture morphology, and the interface theory of carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) were further developed. Provided innovativeness for the design and development of non-destructive CF surface modification technology and simplified CF surface modification steps.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22081,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Phase transition behavior of (MoTe2)xSb1-x thin films based on flexible PEEK substrates","authors":"Jinyang Huang , Yifeng Hu , Xiaoqin Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.surfin.2024.105180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfin.2024.105180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flexible information memory played a key role in flexible electronic devices and smart wearables. This paper was focused on the effect of flexible deformation on the properties of (MoTe<sub>2</sub>)<sub>x</sub>Sb<sub>1-x</sub> nano-phase-change films based on PEEK substrates. By placing the films at the finger, wrist, back of the hand and elbow and bending them, the resistance values showed periodic fluctuations with bending but the changes were not significant. After 100,000 bending cycles and 4,000 s of vibration, the films successfully achieved the transformation from a shapeless to a structured state. The stress caused by bending and vibration affects the surface roughness of the flexible film and weakens the adhesion between the film and the substrate. Flexible (MoTe<sub>2</sub>)<sub>0.07</sub>Sb<sub>0.93</sub> film electronics were prepared, and the phase change memory devices could realize reversible transitions between SET and RESET states with 100 ns pulse widths in the flat state, after 100,000 bending cycles, and after 4,000 s of vibration. These findings indicated that (MoTe<sub>2</sub>)<sub>0.07</sub>Sb<sub>0.93</sub> films based on flexible PEEK substrates had promising applications in the field of flexible phase change memory.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22081,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Gambaro , F. Valenza , L. Fenocchio , G. Cacciamani
{"title":"Liquid AlCoCrFeNi and AlCoCrFeNiX (X = Mo, Ta) high-entropy alloys on graphite: Wetting, reactivity and CALPHAD modelling","authors":"S. Gambaro , F. Valenza , L. Fenocchio , G. Cacciamani","doi":"10.1016/j.surfin.2024.105207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfin.2024.105207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wettability and interfacial reactivity with graphite of three equimolar High-Entropy Alloys (HEAs), namely AlCoCrFeNi (HEA-base), AlCoCrFeNiMo (HEA-Mo) and AlCoCrFeNiTa (HEA-Ta), were investigated for the first time, aiming to support industrial sectors involving liquid-phase processing routes. Isothermal high-temperature wettability tests were performed at 1400 °C for HEA-base and HEA-Mo, and at 1580 °C for HEA-Ta. The samples were then analysed by SEM-EDS. Based on the in-house-built GHEA thermodynamic database, CALPHAD calculations were used to simulate and discuss liquid-solid interactions occurring at high temperatures as well as transformations taking place in the samples during cooling. HEA-base wetted the graphite well after 5 min and the wetting behaviour significantly improved for HEA-Mo after the same contact time. HEA-Ta, after initial melting and wetting stage, solidified due to high-melting phases formation. All the graphite/HEA samples formed refractory carbides. For HEA-base and HEA-Mo, such carbides were found homogeneously dispersed in the whole drop. In HEA-Ta, TaC formed a compact layer separating two liquids of different compositions, with only one of these being in contact with the graphite substrate. The here proposed combination of experiments and thermodynamic calculations allowed to understand and discuss both high-temperature reactivity and evolution of the systems over cooling. Overall, a remarkable agreement between equilibrium calculations and experimental findings was observed for these complex dynamic systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22081,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}