{"title":"Verifying Bio-Electronic Systems","authors":"Joseline Heuer, Rene Krenz-Baath, R. Obermaisser","doi":"10.1109/DDECS57882.2023.10139574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DDECS57882.2023.10139574","url":null,"abstract":"The functional safety of implanted medical devices is of high importance. This works presents a novel concept to verify bio-electronic systems modeling the medical device in connection with the interacting biological system. The concept is applied to a setup consisting of an implanted pacemaker and an interacting organ, the human heart. The resulting model is verified with respect to relevant properties such as the reachability of hazard-related states appearing through the interaction of the bio-electronic system. In contrast to previous contributions this work demonstrates the ability to deterministicly verify bio-electronic systems containing relevant and detailed models of the interacting biological system.","PeriodicalId":220690,"journal":{"name":"2023 26th International Symposium on Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits and Systems (DDECS)","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127474882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sergio Vinagrero Gutierrez, Pietro Inglese, G. D. Natale, E. Vatajelu
{"title":"Open Automation Framework for Complex Parametric Electrical Simulations","authors":"Sergio Vinagrero Gutierrez, Pietro Inglese, G. D. Natale, E. Vatajelu","doi":"10.1109/DDECS57882.2023.10139409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DDECS57882.2023.10139409","url":null,"abstract":"The need to achieve statistically relevant results in electrical simulations requires a large number of iterations under different operating conditions. Moreover, the nature of parametric simulations makes the collection and filtering of the results non-trivial. To tackle these issues, scripts are normally used to control all the parameters. Still, this approach is usually ad-hoc and platform dependent, making the whole procedure hardly reusable, scalable and versatile. We propose a generic, open-source framework to generate complex stimuli and parameters for electrical simulations, together with a programmable Spice- and Verilog-A-based module capable of observing and logging internal states of the circuit to facilitate further result analysis.","PeriodicalId":220690,"journal":{"name":"2023 26th International Symposium on Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits and Systems (DDECS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130173687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prediction of Inference Energy on CNN Accelerators Supporting Approximate Circuits","authors":"Michal Pinos, Vojtěch Mrázek, L. Sekanina","doi":"10.1109/DDECS57882.2023.10139724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DDECS57882.2023.10139724","url":null,"abstract":"Design methodologies developed for optimizing hardware implementations of convolutional neural networks (CNN) or searching for new hardware-aware neural architectures rely on the fast and reliable estimation of key hardware parameters, such as the energy needed for one inference. Utilizing approximate circuits in hardware accelerators of CNNs faces the designers with new problems during their simulation — commonly used tools (TimeLoop, Accelergy, Maestro) do not support approximate arithmetic operations. This work addresses the fast and efficient prediction of consumed energy in hardware accelerators of CNNs that utilize approximate circuits such as approximate multipliers. First, we extend the state-of-the-art software frameworks TimeLoop and Accelergy to predict the inference energy when exact multipliers are replaced with various approximate implementations. The energies obtained using the modified tools are then considered the ground truth (reference) values. Then, we propose and evaluate, using two accelerators (Eyeriss and Simba) and two types of networks (CNNs generated by EvoApproxNAS and standard ResNet CNNs), two predictors of inference energy. We conclude that a simple predictor based on summing the energies needed for all multiplications highly correlates with the reference values if the CNN’s architecture is fixed. For complex CNNs with variable architectures typically generated by neural architecture search algorithms, a more sophisticated predictor based on a machine learning model has to be employed. The proposed predictors are 420-533× faster than reference solutions.","PeriodicalId":220690,"journal":{"name":"2023 26th International Symposium on Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits and Systems (DDECS)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133892049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicolas Gerlin, Endri Kaja, F. Vargas, Li Lu, A. Breitenreiter, Junchao Chen, Markus Ulbricht, Maribel Gomez, Ares Tahiraga, S. Prebeck, E. Jentzsch, M. Krstic, W. Ecker
{"title":"Bits, Flips and RISCs","authors":"Nicolas Gerlin, Endri Kaja, F. Vargas, Li Lu, A. Breitenreiter, Junchao Chen, Markus Ulbricht, Maribel Gomez, Ares Tahiraga, S. Prebeck, E. Jentzsch, M. Krstic, W. Ecker","doi":"10.1109/DDECS57882.2023.10139331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DDECS57882.2023.10139331","url":null,"abstract":"Electronic systems can be submitted to hostile environments leading to bit-flips or stuck-at faults and, ultimately, a system malfunction or failure. In safety-critical applications, the risks of such events should be managed to prevent injuries or material damage. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the challenges associated with designing and verifying safe and reliable systems, as well as the potential of the RISC-V architecture in addressing these challenges.We present several state-of-the-art safety and reliability verification techniques in the design phase. These include a highly-automated verification flow, an automated fault injection and analysis tool, and an AI-based fault verification flow. Furthermore, we discuss core hardening and fault mitigation strategies at the design level. We focus on automated SoC hardening using model-driven development and resilient processing based on sensing and prediction for space and avionic applications.By combining these techniques with the inherent flexibility of the RISC-V architecture, designers can develop tailored solutions that balance cost, performance, and fault tolerance to meet the requirements of various safety-critical applications in different safety domains, such as avionics, automotive, and space. The insights and methodologies presented in this paper contribute to the ongoing efforts to improve the dependability of computing systems in safety-critical environments.","PeriodicalId":220690,"journal":{"name":"2023 26th International Symposium on Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits and Systems (DDECS)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128386102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Monavari Bidgoli, Sepideh Fattahi, Seyyed Hossein Seyyedaghaei Rezaei, M. Modarressi, M. Daneshtalab
{"title":"NeuroPIM: Felxible Neural Accelerator for Processing-in-Memory Architectures","authors":"Ali Monavari Bidgoli, Sepideh Fattahi, Seyyed Hossein Seyyedaghaei Rezaei, M. Modarressi, M. Daneshtalab","doi":"10.1109/DDECS57882.2023.10139567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DDECS57882.2023.10139567","url":null,"abstract":"The performance of microprocessors under many modern workloads is mainly limited by the off-chip memory bandwidth. The emerging process-in-memory paradigm present a unique opportunity to reduce data movement overheads by moving computation closer to memory. State-of-the-art processing-in-memory proposals stack a logic layer on top of one or multiple memory layers in a 3D fashion and leverage the logic layer to build near-memory processing units. Such processing units are either application-specific accelerators or general-purpose cores. In this paper, we present NeuroPIM, a new processing-in-memory architecture that uses a neural network as the memory-side general-purpose accelerator. This design is mainly motivated by the observation that in many real-world applications, some program regions, or even the entire program, can be replaced by a neural network that is learned to approximate the program’s output. NeuroPIM benefits from both the flexibility of general-purpose processors and superior performance of application-specific accelerators. Experimental results show that NeuroPIM provides up to 41% speedup over a processor-side neural network accelerator and up to 8x speedup over a general-purpose processor.","PeriodicalId":220690,"journal":{"name":"2023 26th International Symposium on Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits and Systems (DDECS)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125365158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salvatore Pappalardo, A. Ruospo, Ian O’Connor, B. Deveautour, Ernesto Sánchez, A. Bosio
{"title":"Resilience-Performance Tradeoff Analysis of a Deep Neural Network Accelerator","authors":"Salvatore Pappalardo, A. Ruospo, Ian O’Connor, B. Deveautour, Ernesto Sánchez, A. Bosio","doi":"10.1109/DDECS57882.2023.10139704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DDECS57882.2023.10139704","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are one of the most computationally-intensive algorithms because of the (i) huge amount of data to be transferred from/to the memory, and (ii) the huge amount of matrix multiplications to compute. These issues motivate the design of custom DNN hardware accelerators. These accelerators are widely used for low-latency safety-critical applications such as object detection in autonomous cars. Safety-critical applications have to be resilient with respect to hardware faults and Deep Learning (DL) accelerators are subjected to hardware faults that can cause functional failures, potentially leading to catastrophic consequences. Although DNNs possess a certain level of intrinsic resilience, it varies depending on the hardware on which they are run. The intent of the paper is to assess the resilience of a systolic-array-based DNN accelerator in the presence of hardware faults, in order to identify the architectural parameters that may mainly impact the DNN resilience.","PeriodicalId":220690,"journal":{"name":"2023 26th International Symposium on Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits and Systems (DDECS)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125722883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficient Binary Decision Diagram Manipulation by Reducing the Number of Intermediate Nodes","authors":"Rune Krauss, Mehran Goli, R. Drechsler","doi":"10.1109/DDECS57882.2023.10139373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DDECS57882.2023.10139373","url":null,"abstract":"The complexity of hardware systems has increased significantly in recent decades. Due to increasing user requirements, there is a need to develop more efficient data structures and algorithms to guarantee the correct behavior of such systems. A Reduced Ordered Binary Decision Diagram (BDD) is a suitable data structure as it represents all Boolean functions canonically given a variable order as well as provides algorithms for efficient manipulation. However, BDDs also have challenges: practicability depends on their minimization and there is a large memory consumption for some complex functions.To address these issues, this work investigates the number of emerged intermediate nodes that are not used in the final BDD result and presents a novel approach for efficient BDD manipulation by reducing the number of such nodes. Experiments on BDD benchmarks show that peak BDD node sizes can be significantly reduced, leading to accelerated BDD manipulation.","PeriodicalId":220690,"journal":{"name":"2023 26th International Symposium on Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits and Systems (DDECS)","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121205827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Martin Hurta, Vojtěch Mrázek, Michaela Drahosova, L. Sekanina
{"title":"MODEE-LID: Multiobjective Design of Energy-Efficient Hardware Accelerators for Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia Classifiers","authors":"Martin Hurta, Vojtěch Mrázek, Michaela Drahosova, L. Sekanina","doi":"10.1109/DDECS57882.2023.10139399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DDECS57882.2023.10139399","url":null,"abstract":"Taking levodopa, a drug used to treat symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, is often connected with severe side effects, known as Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). It can fluctuate in severity throughout the day and thus is difficult to classify during a short period of a physician’s visit. A low-power wearable classifier enabling long-term and continuous LID classification would thus significantly help with LID detection and dosage adjustment. This paper deals with an automated design of energy-efficient hardware accelerators of LID classifiers that can be implemented in wearable devices. The accelerator consists of a feature extractor and a classification circuit co-designed using genetic programming (GP). We also introduce and evaluate a fast and accurate energy consumption estimation method for the target architecture of considered classifiers. In a multiobjective design scenario, GP evolves solutions showing the best trade-offs between accuracy and energy. Compared to the state-of-the-art solutions, the proposed method leads to classifiers showing a comparable accuracy while the energy consumption is reduced by 49 %.","PeriodicalId":220690,"journal":{"name":"2023 26th International Symposium on Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits and Systems (DDECS)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132836873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. A. Velarde Gonzalez, L. Hahne, Katrin Ortstein, André Lange, Sonja Crocoll
{"title":"Supporting analog design for reliability by efficient provision of reliability information to designers","authors":"F. A. Velarde Gonzalez, L. Hahne, Katrin Ortstein, André Lange, Sonja Crocoll","doi":"10.1109/DDECS57882.2023.10139428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DDECS57882.2023.10139428","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple degradation mechanisms limit the lifetime of integrated circuits (ICs). Different aspects can be tackled with Design for Reliability approaches already during circuit design to avoid serious implications of degradation for ICs in the field. For example, aging simulations can be performed to investigate the impact of the degradation of integrated transistors onto circuit performance. Since these simulations cause a significant verification effort, we work on approaches to efficiently feed reliability information back to circuit designers. This article discusses these approaches with their application scenarios and benefits.","PeriodicalId":220690,"journal":{"name":"2023 26th International Symposium on Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits and Systems (DDECS)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116079697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dominic Korner, Andreas Kramer, K. Hofmann, F. Hausch
{"title":"Standalone Area Optimized ASIC Tag Powered and Programmable by Light for Identification of Novel Drug Candidates","authors":"Dominic Korner, Andreas Kramer, K. Hofmann, F. Hausch","doi":"10.1109/DDECS57882.2023.10139720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DDECS57882.2023.10139720","url":null,"abstract":"We present a compact optical programmable ASIC-based tag for the identification of novel drug candidates, requiring no external components. Our tag aims for a time and cost-efficient solution to keep track of compounds during the split and pool synthesis. The ASIC is self-powered by integrated solar cells and optimized for intensive light in the range of 10Mlx. This intensive illumination can cause unwanted leakage currents in p-n junctions. Therefore, extensive care was taken to provide shielding for sensitive parts of the circuit and measurements prove the effectiveness. The ASIC is manufactured in a 0.6µm process including special devices like EEPROM and photodiodes. Our tag contains an oscillator, optical receiver, reference voltage, and a digital controller. A custom optical communication protocol provides an energy-efficient data link to the smart tag with continuous power transfer.","PeriodicalId":220690,"journal":{"name":"2023 26th International Symposium on Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits and Systems (DDECS)","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127183517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}