Marius Behnecke, Eva Berghaus, Alina Wildeis, Eva Brandes, Svea Petersen
{"title":"Wilhelmy balance—A simple and reliable method for determining immersion angles and surface energies even on non-planar and complex geometries?","authors":"Marius Behnecke, Eva Berghaus, Alina Wildeis, Eva Brandes, Svea Petersen","doi":"10.1002/sia.7287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.7287","url":null,"abstract":"The growing significance of surface properties in modern materials, particularly in medical technology, drives the need for accurate characterization techniques. Traditional contact angle measurements face challenges when applied to intricate surfaces like dental implants. Here, tensiometry applying the Wilhelmy plate method has been described in the last decade to offer one solution for the evaluation of complex surface geometries by quantifying apparent contact angles based on wetting forces. This study evaluates a simple setup employing the Wilhelmy balance concept for immersion angle determination. Instead of using a force sensor as in tensiometers, the wetting force is determined via changes in mass signal by means of an analytical balance available in standard laboratories. The force is thus recorded inverse to conventional tensiometry. The approach was validated on diverse geometries and extended to intricate structures, including plasma-treated dental implants. Results were compared to conventional contact angle analysis systems underlining the reliability of the method in characterizing non-planar and complex surfaces. Additionally, the method was successfully extended to the evaluation of surface energies on planar and non-planar surfaces using various solvent sets. However, results evidenced that specimen geometry can influence the measurements to such an extent that immersion contact angles can no longer be calculated due to capillary effects. An outlook suggests further exploration with a wider range of test liquids to enhance accuracy in surface energy determination.","PeriodicalId":22062,"journal":{"name":"Surface and Interface Analysis","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139581407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liqiang Chai, Pengxiang Ma, Chengyan Jiang, L. Qiao, Peng Wang
{"title":"Enhancing gamma irradiation resistance by a‐C film treatment on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) surface","authors":"Liqiang Chai, Pengxiang Ma, Chengyan Jiang, L. Qiao, Peng Wang","doi":"10.1002/sia.7285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.7285","url":null,"abstract":"Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) solid self‐lubricating materials exhibit inferior tribological properties in the gamma‐irradiated environment. In this paper, amorphous hydrogen‐free carbon (a‐C) film was deposited on the PTFE polymer surface by magnetron sputtering, and the a‐C/PTFE samples were irradiated with gamma ray at a maximum dose of up to 5 MGy. The evolution of the structure and nanomechanical and tribological properties of a‐C/PTFE with different irradiation doses were investigated. The structural analyses reveal that the microstructure of a‐C films irradiated at 5 MGy doses is stable. Due to the covering of the a‐C film, significant cracks appear at the surface of the a‐C/PTFE sample only when the irradiation dose reaches 5 MGy. Before and after irradiation, the nanohardness and Young's modulus of the a‐C/PTFE are significantly higher than those of PTFE. The mechanical properties of PTFE are improved by a‐C film surface treatment. The friction experiments show that the average friction coefficients of both a‐C/PTFE and PTFE remain stable around 0.175 with increasing irradiation dose. When the irradiation dose is within 1 MGy, frictional behaviors occur only on the surface of a‐C films, and the wear rate of a‐C/PTFE is as low as 9.3 × 10−5 mm3/N.m, which is significantly lower than that of PTFE. The method of a‐C film treatment on the PTFE surface can dramatically improve the irradiation resistance of PTFE.","PeriodicalId":22062,"journal":{"name":"Surface and Interface Analysis","volume":"72 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139440626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexander G. Shard, Donald R. Baer, Charles A. Clifford
{"title":"Importance of standard terminology in surface chemical analysis: ISO 18115-1:2023, general terms and terms used in spectroscopy","authors":"Alexander G. Shard, Donald R. Baer, Charles A. Clifford","doi":"10.1002/sia.7284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.7284","url":null,"abstract":"The International Standard ISO 18115-1 on terminology in surface chemical analysis has been revised with clarifications, modifications, and deletions to more than 70 terms and with the addition of more than 50 terms in response to trends, issues, and needs identified by the surface analysis community. This revision adds terminology and concepts associated with emerging methods such as atom probe tomography, near ambient pressure XPS, and hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It includes 25 new and revised terms to ensure that the description of resolution is consistent across all surface analysis methods. The 630 terms in the document cover words or phrases used in describing the samples, instruments, and concepts involved in surface chemical analysis. The terms have been collated into subject specific sections to ensure that related terms can be found easily.","PeriodicalId":22062,"journal":{"name":"Surface and Interface Analysis","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139415194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Claudia Cancellieri, Simon Gramatte, Olivier Politano, Léo Lapeyre, Fedor Klimashin, Krzysztof Mackosz, Ivo Utke, Zbynek Novotny, Arnold M. Müller, Christof Vockenhuber, Vladyslav Turlo, Lars P. H. Jeurgens
{"title":"Effect of hydrogen on the chemical state, stoichiometry and density of amorphous Al2O3 films grown by thermal atomic layer deposition","authors":"Claudia Cancellieri, Simon Gramatte, Olivier Politano, Léo Lapeyre, Fedor Klimashin, Krzysztof Mackosz, Ivo Utke, Zbynek Novotny, Arnold M. Müller, Christof Vockenhuber, Vladyslav Turlo, Lars P. H. Jeurgens","doi":"10.1002/sia.7282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.7282","url":null,"abstract":"Amorphous oxide thin films grown by thermal atomic layer deposition (ALD) typically contain high impurity concentrations of hydrogen, which affects both chemistry and structure and thereby the functional properties, such as the barrier properties in, for example, microelectronic and photovoltaic devices. This study discloses the effect of H incorporation in amorphous Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> ALD oxide films on the local chemical binding states of Al, O and H, as well as the oxide density and stoichiometry, by a combined analytical approach using elastic recoil detection analysis, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy and full chemical state analysis by dual-source X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)/hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES). The experimental findings are compared with crystalline anhydrous α-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and hydroxide α-Al (OH)<sub>3</sub> reference phases and further supported by molecular dynamic simulations. It is shown that H preferably forms covalent –OH hydroxyl bonds with O in the nearest-neighbour coordination spheres of interstitial Al cations, which affects both the ligand electronic polarizability and the bond length of the randomly interconnected [AlO<sub>n</sub>] polyhedral building blocks in the amorphous ALD oxide films.","PeriodicalId":22062,"journal":{"name":"Surface and Interface Analysis","volume":"216 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139408690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Characterization of peroxide on coal surface: A combined △SCF and XPS study","authors":"Hao Liu, Zenghua Li","doi":"10.1002/sia.7281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.7281","url":null,"abstract":"X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is widely used to determine the composition of elements and oxygen-containing functional groups. Accurate determination of core-electron binding energies (CEBEs) is essential for identifying the types and contents of oxygen-functional groups present on the surface of coal. The △SCF method has been carried out on CEBEs for an extensive series of oxygen-containing organic systems encompassing the most common functionalities. The polymers for which experimental values are available for comparison demonstrate the adequacy of the treatment for describing CEBEs for the O1s core level. Therefore, a sound basis is provided for the discussion of CEBEs (O1s) for functionalities for which experimental values are not accurate or available, such as carbonyl, carboxyl, and peroxide. The results are applied to the XPS study of oxidized coal. The change law of peroxide and oxygen-containing functional groups was discussed. The calculation method and results in this paper can provide a guide for readers to use XPS to study the oxidation of coal surfaces.","PeriodicalId":22062,"journal":{"name":"Surface and Interface Analysis","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139079475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pascal Bargiela, Vincent Fernandez, William Ravisy, David Morgan, Mireille Richard-Plouet, Neal Fairley, Jonas Baltrusaitis
{"title":"Surface Analysis Insight Note: Observations relating to photoemission peak shapes, oxidation state, and chemistry of titanium oxide films","authors":"Pascal Bargiela, Vincent Fernandez, William Ravisy, David Morgan, Mireille Richard-Plouet, Neal Fairley, Jonas Baltrusaitis","doi":"10.1002/sia.7283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.7283","url":null,"abstract":"It is common practice to describe the coordination of metal atoms in a binding configuration with their nearest neighbors in terms of oxidation state, a measure by which the number of electrons redistributed between atoms forming chemical bonds. In XPS terms, change to an oxidation state is commonly inferred by correlating photoemission signal with binding energy. The assumption, when classifying photoemission signals into distinct spectral shapes, is that a distribution of intensities shifted to lower binding energy is evidence of a reduction in oxidation state. In this <i>Insight</i> note, we raise the prospect that changes in photoemission peak shape may occur without obvious changes, determined by XPS in stoichiometry for a material. It is well known that TiO<sub>2</sub> measured by XPS yields reproducible Ti 2p photoemission peaks. However, on exposing TiO<sub>2</sub> to ion beams, Ti 2p photoemission evolves to complex distributions in intensity, which are particularly difficult to analyze by traditional fitting of bell-shaped curves to these data. For these reasons, in this <i>Insight</i> note, a thin film of TiO<sub>2</sub> deposited on a silicon substrate is chosen for analysis by XPS and linear algebraic techniques. Alterations in spectral shapes created from modified TiO<sub>2</sub>, which might be interpreted as the change in oxidation state, are assessed in terms of relative proportions of titanium to oxygen. It is found through detailed analysis of spectra that quantification by XPS, using procedures routinely used in practice, is not in accord with the typical interpretations of photoemission shapes. The data processing methods used and results presented in this work are of particular relevance to elucidating fundamental phenomena governing the surface evolution of materials-enabled energy processes where cyclic/non-steady usage changes the nature of bonding, especially in the presence of contaminants.","PeriodicalId":22062,"journal":{"name":"Surface and Interface Analysis","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139067080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mona H. Gomaa, Ahmed Ibrahim, Kh. El-Sayed, Z. Abdel Hamid
{"title":"Boosting the hydrophobicity of eco-friendly polyaniline coating using TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles","authors":"Mona H. Gomaa, Ahmed Ibrahim, Kh. El-Sayed, Z. Abdel Hamid","doi":"10.1002/sia.7280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.7280","url":null,"abstract":"This article clarifies the thin layer deposition of superhydrophobic coating using eco-friendly polymer (polyaniline [PANI]) incorporated with TiO<sub>2</sub> and ZnO nanoparticles on indium tin oxide substrate. Using the cyclic voltammetry method, in situ polymerization of PANI incorporated with hybrid (TiO<sub>2</sub>–ZnO) was accomplished. The morphology and hydrophobicity of electro-deposited films were examined; the impact of deposition cycles was also investigated. The morphological structure was studied using field-emission scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis proved the incorporation of nanoparticles into the composite matrix. Additionally, the water contact angle of the PANI composite was found to be 150.4°, and the findings reflected that (TiO<sub>2</sub>–ZnO) nanoparticles were significantly implicated in enhancing this superhydrophobicity. The surface roughness of the PANI matrix was increased when TiO<sub>2</sub> and ZnO are added, as was shown by atomic force microscope investigation.","PeriodicalId":22062,"journal":{"name":"Surface and Interface Analysis","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139055344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Claudiu Colbea, Milivoj Plodinec, Marc Willinger, Jeroen A. van Bokhoven, Luca Artiglia
{"title":"Development of a compact laser-based heating stage for in situ spectroscopic characterizations","authors":"Claudiu Colbea, Milivoj Plodinec, Marc Willinger, Jeroen A. van Bokhoven, Luca Artiglia","doi":"10.1002/sia.7278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.7278","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we present a recent advancement in high-temperature instrumentation in the form of a heating stage that enables studies to be performed in the temperature range of 20–1250°C under high-vacuum, millibar, and atmospheric pressure conditions (10<sup>−7</sup>–1000 mbar). The newly developed laser-based heating solution is described in detail. Its functionality is highlighted in this study in the form of a heating stage compatible with in situ ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS). The proof-of-concept experiment presented in this work involves a polycrystalline nickel foil, a material of considerable interest in the scientific field due to its applications in catalysis, batteries, and electrochemistry. Owing to the intrinsic oxophilicity of nickel, the experiment targeted the high-temperature oxidation (600°C) and reduction (1050°C) that serves interest as both, a pretreatment and preparation method, and as a model reaction for the redox behavior of non-noble materials under reactive conditions. Complete and reversible surface state changes from metallic to oxide and back to metallic were achieved through stepwise variations of the gas phase composition and temperature. The heating stage showed high stability at high temperatures under reducing and oxidizing conditions, demonstrating the benefit of this design. The in situ characterization possibilities enabled by this stage will allow a better understanding of the inherent properties of materials that function at high temperatures, leading to their optimization in relevant application fields such as catalysis, materials, and surface science.","PeriodicalId":22062,"journal":{"name":"Surface and Interface Analysis","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139067077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Claes-Olof A. Olsson, Roland Hauert, Anna Neus Igual-Muñoz, Stefano Mischler, Patrik Schmutz
{"title":"Revealing cation and metal gradients in and underneath passive films of the stainless steel 1.4652 in acidic and alkaline electrolytes with angular resolved dual energy X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy","authors":"Claes-Olof A. Olsson, Roland Hauert, Anna Neus Igual-Muñoz, Stefano Mischler, Patrik Schmutz","doi":"10.1002/sia.7275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.7275","url":null,"abstract":"Passive films on the superaustenitic stainless steel 1.4652 were studied using angular resolved hard X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (HAXPES), which provides an increased information depth compared to conventional X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS). Elemental depth profiles in the oxide as well as gradients in the underlying metal were established using a dedicated algorithm. The utility was exemplified for three different conditions of film formation: (i) as polished and as polarized to the high passive end in (ii) 1 M H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and (iii) 1 M NaOH. The use of a superaustenitic material ascertained that metal signals from the main contributors to film formation: Fe, Cr, Ni, and Mo remained above the detection limit throughout the data set. With the dual-source technique (XPS, HAXPES), it was possible to investigate metal gradients underneath the passive film. For polarizations in an acidic environment, a metallic nickel enrichment of the order of 5 Å was found. For a corresponding polarization in an alkaline environment, the metal region closest to the oxide/metal interface was enriched in iron, followed by concentration gradients down to about 50 Å into the metal.","PeriodicalId":22062,"journal":{"name":"Surface and Interface Analysis","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138572652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sheng He, Yang Li, Li-Guang Wu, Rui-Ping Liu, Dong-Fa Guo, Zi-Ying Li, Xian-Hua Li
{"title":"A new working reference material for cassiterite oxygen isotope microanalysis","authors":"Sheng He, Yang Li, Li-Guang Wu, Rui-Ping Liu, Dong-Fa Guo, Zi-Ying Li, Xian-Hua Li","doi":"10.1002/sia.7279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.7279","url":null,"abstract":"Cassiterite is the principal ore mineral for tin, and its oxygen isotope is a promising proxy to trace the origin and evolution of ore-forming fluids, which requires precise and accurate oxygen isotopic analysis. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a powerful tool for oxygen isotope analysis, especially when samples bear complicated textures, but matrix-matched reference materials are critical for accurate microanalysis. The only available matrix-matched reference material for cassiterite oxygen isotope analysis is Yongde-Cst, and more reference materials are required. Here, we report Piaotang-Cst as a potential working reference material for cassiterite oxygen isotope microanalysis. Our extensive SIMS microanalysis confirmed that Piaotang-Cst is relatively homogeneous, with an average two standard deviations (2SD) of 0.49‰ (<i>n</i> = 626). The δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>VSMOW</sub> value of Piaotang-Cst is 5.33 ± 0.07‰ (2SD, <i>n</i> = 5) as determined by a conventional fluorination isotope ratio mass spectrometer. We also demonstrated that there is no measurable matrix effect caused by the variable contents of trace elements for cassiterite oxygen isotope microanalysis. We proposed that the Piaotang-Cst can be used as a working reference material for monitoring the external reproducibility and accuracy of SIMS analysis.","PeriodicalId":22062,"journal":{"name":"Surface and Interface Analysis","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138569397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}