steel research international最新文献

{"title":"XAIP: An eXplainable AI-Based Pipeline for Identifying Key Factors of Surface Defects in Strip Steel","authors":"Jinchuan Qian,&nbsp;Long Deng,&nbsp;Xuerui Zhang,&nbsp;Songyan Pi,&nbsp;Zhihuan Song,&nbsp;Xinmin Zhang","doi":"10.1002/srin.202400499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202400499","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The surface defect has a direct impact on the performance and quality of the final product, so it is crucial to identify the key factors causing the defect. To achieve accurate key factor identification, an eXplainable AI-based Pipeline (XAIP) is proposed herein. The proposed XAIP combines data mode clustering and local model construction to meet practical application requirements. Meanwhile, after analyzing the characteristics of practical data, a strategy for defect rate calculation is designed to provide more fine-grained defect-related information to supervise model training. The final identification results are presented by a two-stage explainable method, which is designed to reveal the information of data modes and key variables and can give engineers more specific defect-related information. The experiment results based on two practical manufacturing datasets show the effectiveness of the proposed method.</p>","PeriodicalId":21929,"journal":{"name":"steel research international","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research Status of Large-Size Carbides in High-Carbon Chromium Bearing Steel","authors":"Guo-Xing Qiu,&nbsp;Ya-Cheng Zhang,&nbsp;Yong-Kun Yang,&nbsp;Xiao-Ming Li","doi":"10.1002/srin.202400684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202400684","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Metallurgical quality of bearing steel is an important foundation and guarantees for determining the performance, accuracy, service life, and reliability of bearings. Nowadays, advances in refining technology have led to a significant increase in the cleanliness of bearing steel, and the control of large-size carbides (primary, banded, and network carbides) has become particularly important. In this article, the recent research on large-size carbides regarding morphology, precipitation mechanism, and control methods is reviewed. Firstly, the morphological characteristics of carbides are summarized. Primary carbides appear as blocky, lamellar, or irregular shapes, while banded carbides are distributed in bands. Network carbides mainly precipitate along the austenitic grain boundaries and aggregate to form networks. Secondly, the precipitation mechanisms of carbides are summarized. Dendritic segregation is the fundamental cause of the formation of primary and banded carbides, whereas network carbides are the supersaturation precipitation of carbon at austenite grain boundaries. Finally, methods for controlling large-size carbides are summarized, including improving dendritic segregation, high-temperature diffusion annealing, improving rolling and cooling processes and using magnesium or rare-earth treatments. No single method offers sufficient carbide control, and mechanism of rare-earth refining carbides is unknown. Thus, a comprehensive approach should be used in production to effectively regulate carbides in steel.</p>","PeriodicalId":21929,"journal":{"name":"steel research international","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Methodology to Quantify the Slag Protective Effect on the Oxidation Behavior of Oxide-C Refractories","authors":"Marcos N. Moliné,&nbsp;Pablo G. Galliano,&nbsp;Analía G. Tomba Martinez","doi":"10.1002/srin.202400729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202400729","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Preventing the oxidation of oxide-C refractories used as working linings in steelmaking vessels is crucial for maintaining their performance and extending their lifetime. This study introduces a novel methodology for evaluating and quantifying the protective effect that adhered slag can have on the oxidation of the refractory lining of steelmaking ladles. The article details the <i>ad-hoc</i> methodology itself, including the technique for adhering the slag to the refractory sample and the specifically developed equipment used. The proposed experimental approach includes the evaluation of how the environmental degradation of the slag layer affects the protection it provides to the refractory against attack by environmental oxygen. Finally, the methodology's ability to provide reliable and reproducible results is shown by its application on MgO–C refractories, the most widely used type of oxide-C products in the steelmaking industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":21929,"journal":{"name":"steel research international","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Equilibrium between Yttrium and Oxygen in Liquid Iron","authors":"Jian Kang,&nbsp;Hongpo Wang,&nbsp;Yu Wang,&nbsp;Ke Chen","doi":"10.1002/srin.202400645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202400645","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Rare earth elements (REEs) are crucial additives in the iron and steel industry. The accurate determination of thermodynamic data is fundamental for applying REEs in steel production; however, this has proven challenging due to their strong reactivity with refractory materials. This study assessed the thermodynamic data for the yttrium–oxygen equilibrium in liquid iron, using high-temperature experiments with high-purity Y&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; crucibles as the smelting container. More reliable equilibrium constants and first-order interaction coefficients are obtained by minimizing the reactions between yttrium and the crucible while ensuring favorable kinetic conditions. The results confirm that the deoxidation product of yttrium in liquid iron is Y&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, and the equilibrium constant for the reaction Y&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;(s) = 2[Y] + 3[O] can be expressed as follows: &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;log&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;K&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;Y&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;msubsup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;K&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;Y&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msubsup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;msubsup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;a&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;Y&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msubsup&gt;\u0000 &lt;msubsup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;a&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msubsup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;a&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;Y&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;63585&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;+&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;20.18&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt; &lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;1600&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;1700&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt; &lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;°&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;C&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$$ mathrm{log}{K}_{text{Y}}({K}_{text{Y}}^{text{O}}={a}_{text{Y}}^{2}{a}_{text{O}}^{3}/{a}_{{text{Y}}_{2}{text{O}}_{3}})=-63585/T&amp;amp;#x00026;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;plus;20.18,&amp;amp;#x00026;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;nbsp;1600-1700&amp;amp;#x00026;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;#x00026;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;deg;mathrm{C","PeriodicalId":21929,"journal":{"name":"steel research international","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strain Rate Sensitivity of Low-Temperature Superplastic Heterogeneous Medium-Mn Steel Fabricated by a Novel High-Ratio Differential Speed Rolling","authors":"Haijun Pan,&nbsp;Zheng Wang,&nbsp;Shunhu Zhang,&nbsp;Ze Sun,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Wu,&nbsp;Wenhao Zhou,&nbsp;Lin Liu","doi":"10.1002/srin.202400511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202400511","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000In the present article, insights into the high-temperature deformation behavior of medium-Mn steel (MMS), which is prepared via high-ratio differential speed rolling (HRDSR), are provided. Moreover, through innovative bidirectional jump experiments, variations in the strain rate sensitivity index m under various conditions are obtained. In the research findings, it is indicated that an increase in strain rate (SR) leads to a hardening of the alloy. During high-temperature deformation, the value of m decreases with the increase in SR, but the rate of decrease gradually slows down. Furthermore, the higher the temperature (T), the greater the impact of changes in SR on m. In addition, the change in deformation mechanism during deformation leads to microstructural changes, and under the main deformation mechanism of grain-boundary sliding, m generally increases with strain. Interestingly, at a T of 760 °C, the material exhibits a strong texture with high orientation, resulting in larger m values and superior superplasticity (≈691%). This study not only enriches the research content of HRDSR but also has significant implications for the superplasticity research of MMS. Moreover, a reference is provided for the research of other superplastic materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":21929,"journal":{"name":"steel research international","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Novel 1 GPa Low-Carbon, Low-Alloyed Steel Produced with Simulated and Laboratory-Scale Thermomechanical Controlled Processes","authors":"Olli Nousiainen,&nbsp;Jaakko Hannula,&nbsp;Sami Saukko,&nbsp;Antti Kaijalainen,&nbsp;Jukka Kömi","doi":"10.1002/srin.202400481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202400481","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A laboratory-scale hot-rolled Ti–Mo–V–Nb steel with 1 GPa tensile strength is produced, and its microstructure and tensile properties are characterized using advanced analysis techniques and uniaxial tensile testing. A Gleeble 3800 thermomechanical simulator is used to determine a process window for the thermomechanical controlled processing (TMCP) procedure. Although the simulated TMCP specimens are fully ferritic at coiling temperatures (CT) of 590 and 630 °C, the bainitic and mixed (bainitic + ferritic) microstructure is formed in the hot-rolled steels. The variation in the microstructure causes variations in the dislocation density through the sheet thickness, which significantly reduces the steel's ductility properties, whereas a 16% elongation is achieved with the fully bainitic microstructure. Another significant difference between the simulated TMCP and hot-rolled specimens is the precipitation behavior. No nanosized interphase-precipitated (IP) carbides are formed in the hot-rolled steel during the austenite-to-ferrite phase transformation, although the formation of the nanosized spherical IPs is observed within the polygonal ferrite grains of the simulated TMCP specimens at the CT of 630 °C. Relatively coarse (5–20 nm) spherical (V,Mo,Ti,Nb)C carbides do not strongly affect the tensile properties of the hot-rolled Ti–Mo–V–Nb steel. The results show that the dislocation and grain boundary strengthening mainly contribute to the strength properties of this steel.</p>","PeriodicalId":21929,"journal":{"name":"steel research international","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/srin.202400481","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Reeled X65 Pipeline Steel during Cyclic Plastic Deformation and Natural Aging","authors":"Qianlin Wu,&nbsp;Jialu Ge,&nbsp;Ping Hu,&nbsp;Zhonghua Zhang,&nbsp;Chunhua Fan,&nbsp;Ning Zhong","doi":"10.1002/srin.202400719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202400719","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The reel laying is recognized as a cost-effective installation process for offshore pipelines. However, the mechanical properties are modified due to plastic deformation during the reel laying and lowering process of reeled pipelines and the subsequent natural aging in service. Cyclic plastic deformation (CPD) is conducted on X65 pipeline steel to simulate the strain experienced in the reel-laying and lowering process, and then, the CPD specimen is aged at 250 °C to simulate natural aging in service. The dislocation configurations gradually evolve from dislocation lines and tangles into dislocation walls and cells due to the increase in strain level. After CPD and aging, the tensile strength increases by about 25 MPa, which is not significantly affected by the last introduced load direction and strain level. At the end of compressive loading, the yield strength and yield ratio decrease, but the uniform elongation increases significantly. In contrast, at the end of tensile loading, the yield strength and yield ratio increase, but the uniform elongation decreases slightly. The yield strength further increases as the strain level increases from 2 to 3%. Therefore, CPD and aging modify the mechanical properties of X65, considerably depending on the last introduced load direction and strain level.</p>","PeriodicalId":21929,"journal":{"name":"steel research international","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Stages of High-Temperature Oxidation Behavior and Its Phase Evolution of 9% Ni Steel","authors":"Liu Mingqi,&nbsp;Dong Fujun,&nbsp;Wan Yong,&nbsp;Cao Ruihong,&nbsp;Wen Yonghong,&nbsp;Sun Lefei,&nbsp;Lv Jiping,&nbsp;Tian Lijie","doi":"10.1002/srin.202400706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202400706","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Herein, the effects of oxygen partial pressure (5–20%) and oxidation time (0.5–6 h) on the growth behavior and phase structure of 9% Ni steel oxide layer are studied by means of high-temperature oxidation experiment, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The results show that the inner and outer oxide layers of 9% Ni steel grow opposite to each other along the initial surface direction of the vertical matrix during the high-temperature oxidation process. From the perspective of the phase, the phase transition of Fe&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;→Fe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;→FeO mainly undergoes from the outside and the inside, the results of thermodynamic calculations show that &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;Δ&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;r&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;G&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mtext&gt;Fe&lt;/mtext&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$left(Deltaright)_{r} G_{m} left(right. left(text{Fe}right)_{2} left(text{O}right)_{3} left.right)$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;Δ&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;r&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;G&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mtext&gt;Fe&lt;/mtext&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;4&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$left(Deltaright)_{r} G_{m} left(right. left(text{Fe}right)_{3} left(text{O}right)_{4} left.right)$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;Δ&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;r&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;G&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":21929,"journal":{"name":"steel research international","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Rolling Process Parameters on Transverse Cracks on the Surface of Q345 Steel","authors":"Mo Chaoqun,&nbsp;Wang Bo,&nbsp;Wang Le,&nbsp;Wu Hongjie,&nbsp;Sun Ligen,&nbsp;Zhu Liguang","doi":"10.1002/srin.202400577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202400577","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article examines the evolutionary behavior of transverse surface cracks in Q345 steel during the hot-rolling process under various rolling conditions. “V”-shaped cracks are prefabricated on the billet surface for laboratory hot-rolling tests, and a corresponding rolling model is developed to validate its accuracy. The slab rolling model is established based on actual onsite rolling process parameters. The aim is to analyze the effects of different rolling conditions on the surface crack morphology and aspect ratio. The results indicate that variations in roll diameter (1400, 1300, and 1200 mm) influence crack propagation, with cracks unfolding earlier when the roll diameter is 1400 mm. At varying initial rolling temperatures (1300, 1200, and 1100 °C), cracks begin to unfold earlier at the highest temperature of 1300 °C. When examining different friction coefficients (0.4, 0.5, and 0.6), cracks unfold earlier at the highest coefficient of 0.6. Similarly, at different rolling speeds (3, 4, and 5 m s⁻¹), cracks unfolded earlier at the highest speed of 5 m s⁻¹. Analysis of changes in crack depth and aspect ratio during rolling shows that the initial few passes have a greater influence on crack depth and unfolding. In the later stages of rolling, cracks continue to unfold, though the depth shows minimal variation, and the aspect ratio tends to approach zero.</p>","PeriodicalId":21929,"journal":{"name":"steel research international","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the Dissolution Behavior of AlN in CaO–Al2O3–MgO Refining Slag and CaO–Al2O3–F–Li2O–BaO Mold Flux","authors":"Jinlong Wang,&nbsp;Zhengliang Xue,&nbsp;Shengqiang Song","doi":"10.1002/srin.202400583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202400583","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000Low-density steels have garnered widespread attention as novel lightweight materials. Owing to its high Mn and Al content, brittle AlN inclusions, detrimental to both steelmaking and steel properties, can precipitate directly from the molten steel. Employing slag absorption effectively removes these floating AlN inclusions from the molten steel. Herein, a series of analytical methods are utilized to investigate the dissolution behavior of AlN in CaO–Al₂O₃–MgO refining slag and CaO–Al₂O₃–F–Li₂O–BaO mold flux. The results indicate that the initial dissolution temperatures of AlN in the slag and mold flux are 1361 and 1080 °C, respectively. The dissolution in the refining slag is attributed to the high-temperature self-decomposition of AlN, producing N_2(g). In the mold flux, the dissolution reaction involves both the high-temperature self-decomposition of AlN and its reaction with Li₂O in mold flux, generating N_2(g) and Li_(g). No reaction interface is observed at the AlN-slag/mold flux boundary. As the dissolution mass of AlN in the slag/mold flux increases, the Al₂O₃ content in the slag/mold flux rises. The main phases in slag transition from Ca₉(Al₆O₁₈) to Ca₁₂Al₁₄O₃₃ and Ca₃Al₂O₆. In the mold flux, the LiBaF₃ phase disappears, and the 11CaO·7Al₂O₃·CaF₂ phase, which can degrade the flux's physicochemical properties, becomes the dominant phase.</p>","PeriodicalId":21929,"journal":{"name":"steel research international","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}