steel research international最新文献

Multiparameter Optimization and Dephosphorization Capacity Evaluation of Converter Slag Based on Response Surface Methodology, Industrial, and Laboratory Experiments 基于响应面法、工业和实验室试验的转炉炉渣多参数优化及脱磷能力评价

IF 2.3 3区材料科学

steel research international Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-05 DOI: 10.1002/srin.202501119

Han Sun, Jian Yang, Tongsheng Zhang, Dawei Cai, Yang Peng, Jianxiong Mo, Du Zhang, Jianhua Wang

{"title":"Multiparameter Optimization and Dephosphorization Capacity Evaluation of Converter Slag Based on Response Surface Methodology, Industrial, and Laboratory Experiments","authors":"Han Sun, Jian Yang, Tongsheng Zhang, Dawei Cai, Yang Peng, Jianxiong Mo, Du Zhang, Jianhua Wang","doi":"10.1002/srin.202501119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202501119","url":null,"abstract":"Based on a series of converter steelmaking dephosphorization industrial experiments, the present work uses response surface methodology (RSM) to investigate the interactive effects of four key parameters (temperature, slag basicity, P2O5 content, and FeO content) on dephosphorization of hot metal. The effectiveness of the optimized slag composition is verified through high-temperature hot metal dephosphorization laboratory experiments. The response surface quadratic model fitted on the basis of temperature, slag basicity, P2O5 content, and FeO content can accurately predict the hot metal dephosphorization ratio (ηP) and the phosphorus distribution ratio (LP) between slag and steel. At the center point of the parameter range, the factors affecting the dephosphorization efficiency of hot metal are ranked in descending order as follows: temperature > P2O5 content > slag basicity > FeO content. The response surface shows that the interaction between temperature and slag basicity has the greatest influence on ηP and LP. Laboratory high-temperature experiments show that the average dephosphorization ratio of hot metal using RSM optimized design slag is 92.85%. The calculation results of FactSage software and the Ion-Molecule Coexistence Theory (IMCT) thermodynamic model show that the slag compositions optimized by RSM have good phosphorus enrichment properties, which proves the feasibility of RSM design for slag compositions.","PeriodicalId":21929,"journal":{"name":"steel research international","volume":"97 9","pages":"4506-4524"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148862285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advances in Steel Desulfurization: Thermodynamic, Kinetic, and Machine Learning Perspectives 钢脱硫的进展：热力学、动力学和机器学习的观点

IF 2.3 3区材料科学

steel research international Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-13 DOI: 10.1002/srin.202501087

Chunjie She, Ying Ren, Lifeng Zhang

{"title":"Advances in Steel Desulfurization: Thermodynamic, Kinetic, and Machine Learning Perspectives","authors":"Chunjie She, Ying Ren, Lifeng Zhang","doi":"10.1002/srin.202501087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202501087","url":null,"abstract":"Studies on desulfurization during the steelmaking process have been summarized. First, the detrimental effect of sulfur in the steel and desulfurization techniques was introduced. Desulfurization mechanisms influenced by desulfurization parameters and interfacial reactions were discussed, including sulfur capacity, sulfur partition ratio, and desulfurization index. Experimental and theoretical analyses were conducted to evaluate the effect of slag properties on desulfurization, specifically CaO/Al2O3, CaO/SiO2, oxidation potential, melting point, and viscosity. Quantitative correlations between slag composition and desulfurization parameters were further established. Subsequently, theoretical modeling for predicting desulfurization processes was systematically summarized, including kinetic models, numerical simulations, and machine learning. Finally, opportunities and challenges in steel desulfurization were proposed, which provided new insights for the development of advanced desulfurization. By clarifying these mechanisms and prediction models, this review highlighted the importance of integrating thermal modeling with machine learning to guide slag design and process optimization, thereby improving the efficiency, robustness, and sustainability of desulfurization in modern steelmaking.","PeriodicalId":21929,"journal":{"name":"steel research international","volume":"97 9","pages":"4438-4457"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148862410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Front Cover: High-Precision Prediction Model for Electric Arc Furnace Steel Endpoint Temperature Using Interpretable Machine Learning With In-Depth Analysis of Driving Factors (steel research int. 9/2026) 封面：利用可解释机器学习和深入分析驱动因素的电弧炉钢终点温度高精度预测模型（钢铁研究）。9/2026)

IF 2.3 3区材料科学

steel research international Pub Date : 2026-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/srin.70675

Hongbin Lu, Hongchun Zhu, Zhouhua Jiang, Huabing Li, Ce Yang, Zhonghao Wang, Teng Li, Yang Li

引用次数: 0

Process Optimization of Slag Composition for Improved Vanadium Recovery and Slag–Iron Separation in V–Ti Magnetite Smelting 钒钛磁铁矿熔炼中提高钒回收率和渣铁分离的炉渣组成工艺优化

IF 2.3 3区材料科学

steel research international Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-07 DOI: 10.1002/srin.202501151

Fuqiang Zheng, Bing Hu, Guo Chen, Chen Liu, Jinchao Wei, Changrui Zhang, Diming Yang, Fei He

{"title":"Process Optimization of Slag Composition for Improved Vanadium Recovery and Slag–Iron Separation in V–Ti Magnetite Smelting","authors":"Fuqiang Zheng, Bing Hu, Guo Chen, Chen Liu, Jinchao Wei, Changrui Zhang, Diming Yang, Fei He","doi":"10.1002/srin.202501151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202501151","url":null,"abstract":"South African vanadium–titanium magnetite is predominantly composed of lump ore and is characterized by relatively high Fe, V, and Ti contents, indicating its potential advantages for comprehensive utilization and value-added processing. However, its utilization is challenged by issues such as viscous slag, iron entrainment, and slag foaming during smelting. In this study, a combination of thermodynamic calculations and experimental investigations was employed to analyze the phase assemblage and phase equilibrium relationships under various slag compositions, with the aim of identifying a slag system with relatively low melting point and low viscosity, high vanadium recovery, and good slag–metal separation. Thermodynamic results indicate that, to maintain the slag phases predominantly within the pseudobrookite stability region while keeping the liquidus temperature low, the optimal composition was determined to be TiO2: 48–52 wt.%, SiO2: 14–18 wt.%, Al2O3: 10–14 wt.%, CaO: 10–14 wt.%, and MgO: 8–12 wt.%. Investigation of vanadium–titanium partitioning between slag and metal revealed that vanadium precipitates as Ca2V2O7 only when the smelting temperature is below 900°C. Experimental results show that, for a slag system with low melting temperature, low viscosity, and high vanadium–titanium partition ratios between slag and metal, the smelting temperature should be controlled at 1550°C with a holding time of 60 min, yielding an average vanadium recovery of 82.4% and an average TiO2 content of 46.25% in the slag. This study proposes an optimized slag formulation, elucidates the vanadium–titanium partitioning mechanism, and provides a sound theoretical basis for slag system optimization in the electric furnace smelting of South African vanadium–titanium magnetite.","PeriodicalId":21929,"journal":{"name":"steel research international","volume":"97 9","pages":"4537-4550"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148862397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High-Precision Prediction Model for Electric Arc Furnace Steel Endpoint Temperature Using Interpretable Machine Learning With In-Depth Analysis of Driving Factors 基于可解释机器学习的电弧炉钢终点温度高精度预测模型及其驱动因素的深入分析

IF 2.3 3区材料科学

steel research international Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-23 DOI: 10.1002/srin.202501292

Hongbin Lu, Hongchun Zhu, Zhouhua Jiang, Huabing Li, Ce Yang, Zhonghao Wang, Teng Li, Yang Li

{"title":"High-Precision Prediction Model for Electric Arc Furnace Steel Endpoint Temperature Using Interpretable Machine Learning With In-Depth Analysis of Driving Factors","authors":"Hongbin Lu, Hongchun Zhu, Zhouhua Jiang, Huabing Li, Ce Yang, Zhonghao Wang, Teng Li, Yang Li","doi":"10.1002/srin.202501292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202501292","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a high-accuracy, fully interpretable, data-driven framework for predicting endpoint temperature in Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) steelmaking. Based on a rigorous metallurgical energy balance, 58 process variables were initially assembled. After outlier removal and feature selection using the Distance Correlation Coefficient, 18 variables highly correlated with the prediction target were retained. Twelve state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms were evaluated, with gradient-boosting ensemble models demonstrating the best performance. Global hyperparameter tuning was conducted using an Improved Grey Wolf Optimizer (IGWO), yielding an optimized LightGBM model (IGWO-LightGBM). The model achieved an RMSE of 4.26°C and an R2 of 0.967 on the test set, improving accuracy by 37% over the baseline unoptimized LightGBM model. Industrial validation on 300 unseen heats confirmed robust generalization, with hit rates of 81% within ±5°C and 94.3% within ±10°C. Interpretability was ensured through TreeSHAP, individual conditional expectation, and two-dimensional partial dependence plots, which verified consistency with metallurgical principles and revealed actionable interactions among electrical energy input, oxygen supply, carbon injection, and hot-heel management. The proposed framework not only surpasses existing EAF temperature-prediction methods but also provides transparent, mechanism-aligned insights to support energy-efficient, digitally enabled steelmaking.","PeriodicalId":21929,"journal":{"name":"steel research international","volume":"97 9","pages":"4458-4472"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148862497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of Oxygen Contamination on the Genesis of Nonmetallic Inclusions in a Microalloyed Steel 氧污染对微合金钢中非金属夹杂物成因的影响

IF 2.3 3区材料科学

steel research international Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-26 DOI: 10.1002/srin.202501315

Leandro Pianca Prandi, Felipe Fardin Grillo, Estéfano Aparecido Vieira

{"title":"Influence of Oxygen Contamination on the Genesis of Nonmetallic Inclusions in a Microalloyed Steel","authors":"Leandro Pianca Prandi, Felipe Fardin Grillo, Estéfano Aparecido Vieira","doi":"10.1002/srin.202501315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202501315","url":null,"abstract":"Nonmetallic inclusions are inherent to steelmaking processes, negatively affecting both mechanical properties and industrial productivity. The control of these inclusions is a determining factor in achieving high-quality microalloyed steels. The objective of this study was to examine the evolution of nonmetallic inclusions in a microalloyed steel under adverse oxygen-contamination conditions, simulating partially oxidizing atmospheres during melting. Controlled experiments with complete melting of the samples were conducted in an electric resistance furnace at 1575°C. After solidification, microstructural analyses were carried out using optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) using energy dispersive spectra (EDS) system. Moreover, some complementary study was carried out by thermodynamic simulations using Thermocalc software. Experimental results revealed the transformation of primary Al2O3(s) and CaO·Al2O3(s) inclusions into complex FeO–MnO types, indicating significant reoxidation during melting. Complementary thermodynamic simulations confirmed the stability of these mixed oxides at the investigated temperature. Systems subjected to oxidation favored the formation of alumina inclusions encapsulated by MnO–FeO oxides, demonstrating that controlling the melting atmosphere and the deoxidation process is essential for producing cleaner steels with improved microstructural reliability.","PeriodicalId":21929,"journal":{"name":"steel research international","volume":"97 9","pages":"4647-4654"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/srin.202501315","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148862555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Constitutive Modeling and Hot Workability Considering Friction-Temperature Correction for the Spray-Formed V2 High-Speed Steel 考虑摩擦-温度校正的喷射成形V2高速钢本构建模及热加工性

IF 2.3 3区材料科学

steel research international Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-28 DOI: 10.1002/srin.202501245

Guang Li, Huijun Liang, Hao Wang, Jingdong Sun, Haifeng Jiang, Yong Shang, Chaoyang Sun

{"title":"Constitutive Modeling and Hot Workability Considering Friction-Temperature Correction for the Spray-Formed V2 High-Speed Steel","authors":"Guang Li, Huijun Liang, Hao Wang, Jingdong Sun, Haifeng Jiang, Yong Shang, Chaoyang Sun","doi":"10.1002/srin.202501245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202501245","url":null,"abstract":"The mechanical properties of high-speed steel are enhanced through grain refinement and macrosegregation suppression via the precision spray forming (PSF) process. However, during the hot working process, such as forging or extrusion, PSF V2 high-speed steel is prone to forming defects including cracks and coarse grains. It is essential to elucidate the hot deformation behavior and microstructure evolution for the PSF V2 high-speed steel to achieve the optimization of hot workability. Thermal compression experiments were conducted using the Gleeble-1500D testing machine at a temperature range of 900°C–1100°C and strain rate from 0.01 to 10 s−1. An Arrhenius constitutive model was established and validated. The hot processing window integrating macroscopic and microscopic mechanisms was established coupled with the activation energy, power dissipation factor, and flow instability criteria. Under different strains, the linear correlation coefficient and the average relative error between the predicted values and experimental results are 0.983% and 7.341%, respectively, which indicates high reliability and predictive accuracy of the model. The optimal hot working window for PSF V2 high-speed steel was determined by combining theoretical criteria and microstructure characteristics: the deformation temperature range of 1003°C–1086°C and the strain rate of 0.04–0.58 s−1.","PeriodicalId":21929,"journal":{"name":"steel research international","volume":"97 9","pages":"4599-4614"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148862528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Study on Post-Forging Cooling Process of 100CrMnSi6-4 Bearing Steel 100CrMnSi6-4轴承钢锻后冷却工艺研究

IF 2.3 3区材料科学

steel research international Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-30 DOI: 10.1002/srin.202500649

RongPei Lu, Yan Lv, HuanZhang Wang, Zhongjin Ni, Yihua Ni, Chenzhe Han, Kai Liu, Xiaojiang Wang, Shiyou Zhou

{"title":"Study on Post-Forging Cooling Process of 100CrMnSi6-4 Bearing Steel","authors":"RongPei Lu, Yan Lv, HuanZhang Wang, Zhongjin Ni, Yihua Ni, Chenzhe Han, Kai Liu, Xiaojiang Wang, Shiyou Zhou","doi":"10.1002/srin.202500649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202500649","url":null,"abstract":"This study employed a Gleeble-3500 thermal simulation tester to analyze the dynamic CCT behavior of 100CrMnSi6-4 bearing steel, revealing phase transformation patterns during continuous cooling. Based on the CCT curve, two post-forging cooling processes were designed: rapid cooling + slow cooling + air cooling (RSC-AC) and rapid cooling + slow cooling (RSC), with focus on studying the effects of final cooling temperature, slow cooling rate in the pearlitic transformation zone, and post-slow cooling rate. The results showed that lower final cooling temperatures refined grain structure and pearlite interlamellar spacing while suppressing secondary carbide precipitation; reduced slow cooling rates in the pearlitic transformation zone led to coarsening of pearlite colonies but promoted dispersed carbide distribution; the RSC process demonstrated better microstructural homogeneity, while the RSC-AC process achieved finer grains and pearlite lamellae with improved mechanical properties. The optimal process parameters were: after high-temperature deformation, rapid cooling at 3°C/s to 630°C, followed by slow cooling at 0.15°C/s to the pearlite transformation finish temperature and subsequent air cooling to room temperature, ultimately obtaining fine lamellar pearlite microstructure free from carbide networks, fully meeting the requirements for pre-spheroidization annealing treatment.","PeriodicalId":21929,"journal":{"name":"steel research international","volume":"97 9","pages":"4587-4598"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148862537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Heat Treatment-Induced Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Property Enhancement in Cast Steel for High-Speed Railway Brake Discs 高速铁路制动盘用铸钢热处理组织演变及力学性能提高

IF 2.3 3区材料科学

steel research international Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-07 DOI: 10.1002/srin.202501314

Jiaxing Ji, Liujie Xu, Yucheng Zhou, Fang Wang, Hua Hou

{"title":"Heat Treatment-Induced Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Property Enhancement in Cast Steel for High-Speed Railway Brake Discs","authors":"Jiaxing Ji, Liujie Xu, Yucheng Zhou, Fang Wang, Hua Hou","doi":"10.1002/srin.202501314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202501314","url":null,"abstract":"In order to achieve an excellent strength-toughness balance for high-speed railway brake discs steel, a systematic heat treatment process was carried out, including quenching at 860°C–980°C and tempering at 540°C–600°C. The treated steel exhibits a dual-phase microstructure consisting of martensite and (Fe, Cr, Mn)3C. Increasing the quenching temperature promotes the precipitation of (Fe, Cr, Mn)3C and the formation of high-dislocation-density martensite, thereby enhancing strength at the expense of toughness due to grain coarsening. Conversely, raising the tempering temperature significantly improves toughness through grain refinement and internal-stress relief. Optimized heat treatment is determined, that is, quenching at 920°C and tempering at 570°C, and an excellent balance between strength and toughness was obtained, with a yield strength of 976 MPa and an impact energy of 104 J. Furthermore, the strengthening mechanism was quantitatively clarified, revealing a competitive synergy among dislocation strengthening (46.2% contribution), precipitation strengthening (16%), and grain-boundary strengthening (23.6%). This work provides important theoretical guidance for tailoring the comprehensive properties of brake-disc cast steel through heat-treatment design.","PeriodicalId":21929,"journal":{"name":"steel research international","volume":"97 9","pages":"4574-4586"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148862398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of Annealing Temperature on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Warm-Rolled Advanced High-Strength Twinning-Induced Plasticity Steel 退火温度对热轧高级高强孪晶塑性钢组织和力学性能的影响

IF 2.3 3区材料科学

steel research international Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-28 DOI: 10.1002/srin.202501270

Meiqing Cao, Wei Zhang, Kun Xie, Bowen Ye, Pengtao Chen, Yunlong Song, Zhichao Li

{"title":"Effects of Annealing Temperature on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Warm-Rolled Advanced High-Strength Twinning-Induced Plasticity Steel","authors":"Meiqing Cao, Wei Zhang, Kun Xie, Bowen Ye, Pengtao Chen, Yunlong Song, Zhichao Li","doi":"10.1002/srin.202501270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202501270","url":null,"abstract":"This study systematically investigates the influence of annealing temperature (400–900°C) on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of a warm-rolled (80% reduction) twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steel with the composition of Fe-17.76 Mn-1.65Al-0.65C-0.46Si (wt%), a material prized for its strength-ductility combination in mining applications. With increasing temperature, the microstructure underwent sequential recovery and recrystallization, leading to a significant reduction in dislocation density and the precipitation of κ-carbides. Tensile strength progressively decreased from 2013.5 MPa to 1222.9 MPa, while elongation markedly increased from 5.4% to 46.7%. Annealing at 700°C promoted optimal interactions between residual deformation twins and dislocations, balancing strength and ductility. Upon annealing at 500°C, κ-carbides preferentially precipitated in high-density shear bands. As the temperature increased, these carbides evolved from interconnected, elongated structures into fine, uniformly distributed particles, significantly enhancing ductility. Further heating promoted carbide dissolution alongside austenite recovery and recrystallization, forming a lamellar heterogeneous structure. This work confirms annealing temperature as a critical parameter for optimizing the strength–ductility synergy in TWIP steels, offering valuable guidance for process design.","PeriodicalId":21929,"journal":{"name":"steel research international","volume":"97 9","pages":"4615-4627"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148862504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0