steel research international最新文献_第3页

Simulation of Pulverized Coal Combustion in Blast Furnace Tuyere

IF 1.9 3区材料科学

steel research international Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1002/srin.202400333

Huan Liu, Dawei Lan, Alberto N. Conejo, Jianliang Zhang, Zhenyang Wang

{"title":"Simulation of Pulverized Coal Combustion in Blast Furnace Tuyere","authors":"Huan Liu, Dawei Lan, Alberto N. Conejo, Jianliang Zhang, Zhenyang Wang","doi":"10.1002/srin.202400333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202400333","url":null,"abstract":"Coal injection is an important way to reduce the coke ratio in the blast furnace. The combustion of pulverized coal in tuyere and raceway directly affects the production efficiency of smelting. Based on the design and production data of a 2000 m3 blast furnace, a three-dimensional mathematical model of pulverized coal combustion in tuyere and raceway is established. The lower part of the blast furnace consisting of blowpipe-coal lance-tuyere-raceway and coke bed is numerically simulated to study the influence of blast rate and oxygen on pulverized coal combustion under a certain coal injection ratio and a certain coal particle size distribution. The simulation results show that the pulverized coal burnout decreases from 69.2% to 67.4% when the blast velocity is increased by 20 m s−1, and the oxygen content increases from 23% to 27%, which can improve the pulverized coal burnout and increase the temperature in the raceway. A new direction is proposed to increase the pulverized coal burnout by optimizing the particle size selection and increasing the injection ratio of small particle size below 50 μm. The research provides theoretical and data support for increasing pulverized coal burnout.","PeriodicalId":21929,"journal":{"name":"steel research international","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143110412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Desulfurization Behavior of Magnetite Pellets Reduced by Isothermal Pure Hydrogen

IF 1.9 3区材料科学

steel research international Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1002/srin.202400698

Shuai Tong, Liqun Ai, Lukuo Hong, Meijie Zhou, Jiansong Chen

{"title":"Desulfurization Behavior of Magnetite Pellets Reduced by Isothermal Pure Hydrogen","authors":"Shuai Tong, Liqun Ai, Lukuo Hong, Meijie Zhou, Jiansong Chen","doi":"10.1002/srin.202400698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202400698","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The desulfurization behavior of magnetite pellets reduced by pure hydrogen at isothermal temperature is studied, the mechanism of self-oxidation desulfurization is put forward, and the thermodynamic theoretical calculation and experimental verification of this mechanism are carried out. The feasibility of the reaction between iron sulfide and Fe3O4 is analyzed by HSC Chemistry 6.0 software. Additionally, a thermal gravimetric analyzer is used to further study the thermal behavior of pellet material under Ar atmosphere from 400 to 1400 K. The results show that the removal of sulfur in the isothermal reduction process of pure hydrogen does not depend on hydrogen phase diffusion and reduction temperature. During the heating process, self-oxidation desulfurization occurs in the system, and the self-desulfurization reaction is more inclined to Fe3O4 + FexSy → FeS + SO2. Under the experimental conditions, the temperature range of self-oxidation desulfurization under conventional thermal field and microwave field is 700–1100 and 370–1140 K, respectively, and the desulfurization rate is 92.9% and 95.8%, respectively. The key to improving desulfurization by microwave radiation is that iron sulfide has good wave-absorbing characteristics.","PeriodicalId":21929,"journal":{"name":"steel research international","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of Different Austenitizing Times on the Microstructure and Properties of Cr-Ni-Mo-V Series High-Strength Steels

IF 1.9 3区材料科学

steel research international Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1002/srin.202400731

Liu Zhang, Shumeng Lu, Qian Cheng, Shanju Zheng, Mengnie Li, Zhongdong Xu, Yuanlong Xi

{"title":"Effects of Different Austenitizing Times on the Microstructure and Properties of Cr-Ni-Mo-V Series High-Strength Steels","authors":"Liu Zhang, Shumeng Lu, Qian Cheng, Shanju Zheng, Mengnie Li, Zhongdong Xu, Yuanlong Xi","doi":"10.1002/srin.202400731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202400731","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Herein, the effects of varying austenitizing times on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Cr-Ni-Mo-V series high-strength steel are investigated, discussing the mechanisms that enhance strength and toughness. By controlling the austenitizing duration, the microstructure during subsequent heat treatments is improved, leading to enhanced overall mechanical properties. The experimental steel undergoes treatments at different austenitizing times, and the microstructure is characterized using optical microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Mechanical properties are assessed through tensile testing, impact testing, and microhardness measurements. The results indicate that, when comparing an austenitizing time of 1 to 1 h and 15 min, the ultimate tensile strength decreases by 10%, microhardness reduces by 78.2 HV, elongation increases by 1.39 times, and toughness improves by 80%. The enhancement in toughness is primarily attributed to the synergistic effect of tempered martensite and bainite within the microstructure. Fracture morphology analysis reveals that variations in austenitizing time affect carbide distribution, accelerate carbide dissolution, decrease the crack growth zone, and enhance toughness. This study provides valuable insights for designing Cr-Ni-Mo-V series high-strength steels with optimal strength-toughness synergies.","PeriodicalId":21929,"journal":{"name":"steel research international","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Flow, Heat-Transfer, and Mixing Behaviors of Scrap Steel in a Refining Ladle with Bottom Blowing

IF 1.9 3区材料科学

steel research international Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1002/srin.202400596

Qing Fang, Xueting Li, Lichao Zhang, Yuxiang Li, Jianhao Wang, Hua Zhang, Hongwei Ni

{"title":"Flow, Heat-Transfer, and Mixing Behaviors of Scrap Steel in a Refining Ladle with Bottom Blowing","authors":"Qing Fang, Xueting Li, Lichao Zhang, Yuxiang Li, Jianhao Wang, Hua Zhang, Hongwei Ni","doi":"10.1002/srin.202400596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202400596","url":null,"abstract":"The flow, heat-transfer, and mixing behaviors of steel scraps with different amounts, positions, and sizes added from the top of the bottom-blown 300 t ladle are numerically investigated and compared through a coupled model. In the results, it is shown that it takes 59 s to mix the temperature of molten steel after adding scrap steel at the position of x = 0 mm, y = 553.5 mm, and z = 3375 mm. The further the addition position is from the axial position of the permeable brick, the shorter the mixing time of the speed and temperature of molten steel. For the scrap amount of 0.5, 1.5, and 2.5 t, the mixing time of molten steel temperature is 44, 78, and 47 s, correspondingly, which exhibits a pattern of initial increase followed by decrease, with an ≈8 K decline in molten steel temperature for every additional 1.0 t of scrap. When considering the scrap size of 10, 30, and 50 mm, the average temperature mixing time of molten steel is 44, 61, and 45 s, respectively. In this research, theoretical guidance can be can be provided for the addition of scrap in ladle during practical production processes.","PeriodicalId":21929,"journal":{"name":"steel research international","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High-Temperature Oxidation Response of 444 Ferritic Stainless Steel in a Synthetic Automotive Exhaust Gas

IF 1.9 3区材料科学

steel research international Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1002/srin.202400630

Bin Sun, Yu-Chen Yao, Qing Lan

{"title":"High-Temperature Oxidation Response of 444 Ferritic Stainless Steel in a Synthetic Automotive Exhaust Gas","authors":"Bin Sun, Yu-Chen Yao, Qing Lan","doi":"10.1002/srin.202400630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202400630","url":null,"abstract":"The high-temperature oxidation behavior of 444 ferritic stainless steel has been studied in cyclic oxidation experiments using synthetic automotive exhaust gas atmospheres at 950 and 1050 °C. The weight gain per unit area of the 444 ferritic stainless steel following oxidation at 950 °C for 100 h iss 85.7% lower than recorded at 1050 °C. The oxide scale at both temperatures consisted of Fe–Cr and Mn–Cr spinels in the outer layer and Cr2O3 in the inner layer. Nodule formation and spallation of the oxide scale are identified as the main causes of breakaway oxidation. The depth of the internal oxides gradually increases with the oxidation time. The nucleation and growth of internal SiO2 result in the formation of metal protrusions, which are eventually consumed in the formation of a SiO2 layer. The SiO2 layer is formed at the interface between the oxide scale and the substrate at 1050 °C. The nucleation and growth of internal SiO2, in combination with lateral growth of SiO2 at the Cr2O3 layer/substrate interface contributed to the formation of the SiO2 layer.","PeriodicalId":21929,"journal":{"name":"steel research international","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Surface Defect Identification of Strip Steel Using ViT-RepVGG

IF 1.9 3区材料科学

steel research international Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1002/srin.202400569

Zhihuan Wang, Mujun Long, Pan Sun, Yanming Zhang, Wuguo Chen, Danbin Jia

{"title":"Surface Defect Identification of Strip Steel Using ViT-RepVGG","authors":"Zhihuan Wang, Mujun Long, Pan Sun, Yanming Zhang, Wuguo Chen, Danbin Jia","doi":"10.1002/srin.202400569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202400569","url":null,"abstract":"In the production of strip steel, surface defect identification is crucial for improving product quality and ensuring smooth subsequent processes. Existing technologies face challenges such as low detection efficiency and susceptibility to environmental noise. This article employs an automated deep learning method without requiring consideration of complex environmental changes and proposes an improved RepVGG (ViT-RepVGG) model for surface defect identification. The model is based on the RepVGG architecture, and the study explores the impact of incorporating the self-attention mechanism of ViT under various addition strategies on model performance. A comparison is made between the optimized model and classic network models, as well as recently published models, in terms of identification performance. The research also examines the performance variations of the model under different hyperparameter settings and its identification performance for six types of defects. The results indicate that adding the ViT module to stage 3 of the A1-type RepVGG, with a learning rate, optimizer, and activation function set to 0.0001, Adam, and Gelu, respectively, yields the optimal ViT-RepVGG model performance. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of enhancing classification performance by incorporating the self-attention mechanism into neural networks, providing an effective foundation for the online identification of strip steel surface defects.","PeriodicalId":21929,"journal":{"name":"steel research international","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of Ca Addition on Inclusions, Microstructures, and Impact Toughness of Coarse-Grained Heat-Affected Zone After High-Heat Input Welding in Mg-Deoxidized Shipbuilding Steel Plates

IF 1.9 3区材料科学

steel research international Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1002/srin.202400539

Liang Wang, Jian Yang, Yuqi Zhang, Yinhui Zhang, Tingting Li, Yanli Chen

{"title":"Effect of Ca Addition on Inclusions, Microstructures, and Impact Toughness of Coarse-Grained Heat-Affected Zone After High-Heat Input Welding in Mg-Deoxidized Shipbuilding Steel Plates","authors":"Liang Wang, Jian Yang, Yuqi Zhang, Yinhui Zhang, Tingting Li, Yanli Chen","doi":"10.1002/srin.202400539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202400539","url":null,"abstract":"Effect of Ca addition on inclusions, microstructures, and impact toughness of coarse-grained heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) in Mg-deoxidized shipbuilding steel plates after high-heat input welding (HHIW) of 400 kJ cm−1 are investigated. Characteristics of inclusions and their effect on microstructures and impact toughness are elucidated. With the addition of Ca, number density of inclusions decreases from 384 to 273 mm−2, but average size increases from 1.23 to 1.32 μm. Number densities of inclusions such as MgAl2O4, MgAl2O4 + MnS, Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, MgO + MnS, and TiN + MnS, which are observed to induce intragranular acicular ferrites (IAFs) formation, decrease from 3.0, 15.3, 18.8, 16.5, and 18.1 to 0.2, 1.2, 4.4, 3.0, and 6.3 mm−2, respectively. Observed Ca-containing inclusions of diameter over 2.5 μm in Mg–Ca steel cannot serve as the effective nucleation sites for IAFs formation. Contents of IAFs and polygonal ferrites decrease from 73.20% and 19.96% to 54.34% and 5.63%, respectively. Frequency of high-angle grain boundaries decreases from 70.5% to 51.3%. The CGHAZ fracture morphology changes from ductile fracture to brittle fracture with the area proportion of the fibrous zone decreasing from 56.5% to 0%. Hence, the impact toughness of CGHAZ decreases significantly from 175 to 23 J at −20 °C after HHIW.","PeriodicalId":21929,"journal":{"name":"steel research international","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Effect of La, Ce Rare-Earth Elements on the MnS Inclusion Precipitation and Distribution in U75V Heavy-Rail Steel

IF 1.9 3区材料科学

steel research international Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1002/srin.202400604

Yi Wang, Guangjie Song, Jianzhong He, Jianxun Fu

{"title":"The Effect of La, Ce Rare-Earth Elements on the MnS Inclusion Precipitation and Distribution in U75V Heavy-Rail Steel","authors":"Yi Wang, Guangjie Song, Jianzhong He, Jianxun Fu","doi":"10.1002/srin.202400604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202400604","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The quality of heavy rail steel is significantly influenced by the distribution and morphology of MnS inclusions. With the help of experimental methods and thermodynamic predictions, the evolution of inclusions in heavy rail steels with different rare-earth (RE: La + Ce) additions is investigated, and the relationship between RE inclusions and MnS is better interpreted by the classical two-dimensional mismatch degree theory. The results show that the deoxidizing ability of RE elements added to the steel is greater than the desulfurizing ability. The best data for physical parameters of inclusions in steel are obtained at a RE addition of 122 ppm. The MnS inclusion particles are roughly spherical around the REAlO3 inclusion particles when the aluminum content in the RE inclusion is high. The MnS inclusion particles are better able to fit flatly around the RE2O2S inclusion particles when the sulfur content of the RE inclusion is high. By computing the two-dimensional mismatch between the interfaces of different inclusions, it is discovered that the heterogeneous nucleation efficiency is comparatively low between MnS and REAlO3, relatively high between MnS and RE2O2S, and highest between MnS and RE2O3.","PeriodicalId":21929,"journal":{"name":"steel research international","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prediction of Sulfur Content during Steel Refining Process Based on Machine Learning Methods

IF 1.9 3区材料科学

steel research international Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1002/srin.202400662

Jiang Gao, Lingxiao Cui, Weijian Wang, Lifeng Zhang, Wen Yang

引用次数: 0

Optimization of Inclusion and Microstructure of As-Cast Nonquenched and Tempered Steel F38MnVS with Trace Ce

IF 1.9 3区材料科学

steel research international Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1002/srin.202400454

Yucheng Wang, Yang Li, Zhouhua Jiang, Meng Sun, Yunqie Mao, Tianci Li

{"title":"Optimization of Inclusion and Microstructure of As-Cast Nonquenched and Tempered Steel F38MnVS with Trace Ce","authors":"Yucheng Wang, Yang Li, Zhouhua Jiang, Meng Sun, Yunqie Mao, Tianci Li","doi":"10.1002/srin.202400454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202400454","url":null,"abstract":"Various techniques, such as optical microscopy, high-temperature confocal laser scanning microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, and thermodynamic calculations, are employed to analyze the optimization mechanism of Ce on the inclusions and microstructures in F38MnVS as-cast samples. The results show that the addition of Ce inhibits MnS precipitation at the grain boundaries and significantly reduces the diameters and aspect ratios of the inclusions. After Ce treatment, a new type of composite inclusion appears in the steel. The modification of the inclusions by Ce promotes the optimization of the as-cast microstructure during solidification, which mainly exhibits austenite grain refinement and polygonal ferrite formation in the grains. Based on the misfit degree theory, the refinement of the austenite grains is because of the nucleation of austenite grains facilitated by Ce2O2S and CeAlO3. The increased nucleation of the intragranular polygonal ferrite is mainly attributed to Ce2O2S, Ce2S3, CeAlO3, and VC, which can promote the nucleation of α-Fe. Simultaneously, the addition of Ce reduces the phase transition temperature, increases the driving force of the phase transition, and increases the nucleation rate. This study's results can provide a reference for the application of Ce treatment in the preparation of nonquenched tempered steel for automobiles.","PeriodicalId":21929,"journal":{"name":"steel research international","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0