steel research international最新文献_第3页

Thermodynamic Modeling of Sn–C and Fe–Sn–C Systems for the Tramp Elements Control in Steel Production 钢生产中不稳定元件控制中Sn-C和Fe-Sn-C系统的热力学建模

IF 2.3 3区材料科学

steel research international Pub Date : 2026-08-11 Epub Date: 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1002/srin.202500416

Won-Bum Park, Michael Bernhard, Youn-Bae Kang

引用次数: 0

Using Thermodynamics and Microstructure to Mitigate Overfitting in Pellet Reduction Models 利用热力学和微观结构缓解球团还原模型的过拟合

IF 2.3 3区材料科学

steel research international Pub Date : 2026-08-11 Epub Date: 2025-08-03 DOI: 10.1002/srin.202500263

Ömer K. Büyükuslu, Fabrice Yang, Dierk Raabe, Moritz to Baben, Anna L. Ravensburg

{"title":"Using Thermodynamics and Microstructure to Mitigate Overfitting in Pellet Reduction Models","authors":"Ömer K. Büyükuslu, Fabrice Yang, Dierk Raabe, Moritz to Baben, Anna L. Ravensburg","doi":"10.1002/srin.202500263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202500263","url":null,"abstract":"Direct reduction of iron involves complex, multiscale phenomena, encompassing solid-state phase transformations and gas transport through pores that must be accurately represented for predictive industrial implementation. Here, we present a thermodynamically sound pellet-scale model that describes these mechanisms and can serve as a foundation for improving the understanding of pellet reduction kinetics in H2/CO-containing atmospheres. The model assumes that the gas phase remains in thermodynamic equilibrium instantly adjusting to any changes in composition. This reduces the number of fitting parameters drastically compared to other existing models, while maintaining a strict thermodynamic upper bound estimate. A driving force term is included in the reaction rate equation ensuring that the three iron oxide reduction steps and the formation of graphite and cementite in carbon-containing gases occur only if they are thermodynamically possible. It is demonstrated that fitting kinetic parameters based on conversion degree data alone leads to overfitting. This is true both for existing models and the model introduced here, despite the fact that the latter contains fewer parameters. To overcome this overfitting problem, spatially resolved microstructural data at key reduction stages can be considered, as shown here for recently reported data for a pellet reduced in H2 atmosphere.","PeriodicalId":21929,"journal":{"name":"steel research international","volume":"97 8","pages":"4097-4107"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/srin.202500263","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148704239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of Intrinsic Carbon in Hot Briquetted Iron on Melting and Refining Efficiency under Electric Arc Furnace Conditions for Sustainable Steelmaking with Active Use of H2-Reduced Iron 热压铁中固有碳对积极利用h2 -还原铁可持续炼钢电弧炉条件下熔炼效率的影响

IF 2.3 3区材料科学

steel research international Pub Date : 2026-08-11 Epub Date: 2025-11-02 DOI: 10.1002/srin.202500450

Min Joo Lee, Joo Hyun Park

{"title":"Effect of Intrinsic Carbon in Hot Briquetted Iron on Melting and Refining Efficiency under Electric Arc Furnace Conditions for Sustainable Steelmaking with Active Use of H2-Reduced Iron","authors":"Min Joo Lee, Joo Hyun Park","doi":"10.1002/srin.202500450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202500450","url":null,"abstract":"The melting behavior of hot briquetted iron (HBI) is observed using an induction furnace at 1823 K and compared with FactSage thermochemical computing simulation results. Experimental observation reveals CO gas evolution and slag formation due to unreduced FeO and gangue oxides in HBI—mainly SiO2 with minor content of Al2O3, MgO, and CaO—at each reaction step. Equilibrium calculations are performed to evaluate the effects of HBI charge ratio and intrinsic carbon content in HBI on the melting and dephosphorization efficiency under an electric arc furnace (EAF) condition. For the conditions of higher charge ratio of carbon-free HBI, representing a H2-reduction product, a significant slag volume with low dephosphorization ability is predicted to form, primarily due to an increase in FeO and SiO2 contents. Consequently, when using HBI in an EAF process as an alternative iron source substituting for obsolete scrap, a proper design of raw materials such as intrinsic carbon content in HBI, charging ratio of HBI, and addition of lime are proposed to be essential to control the slag volume, maintain slag basicity, and mitigate CO2 emissions for optimal performance and the sustainable steelmaking technology.","PeriodicalId":21929,"journal":{"name":"steel research international","volume":"97 8","pages":"4126-4137"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/srin.202500450","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148704351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of Hydrogen Fuel Mixtures on the Oxide Scale Formation of Low-Carbon Steels in Reheating Furnace Conditions 加热炉条件下氢燃料混合物对低碳钢氧化垢形成的影响

IF 2.3 3区材料科学

steel research international Pub Date : 2026-08-11 Epub Date: 2025-06-23 DOI: 10.1002/srin.202500248

Francis Gyakwaa, Susanna Airaksinen, Ville-Valtteri Visuri, Anne Heikkilä, Timo Fabritius

{"title":"Influence of Hydrogen Fuel Mixtures on the Oxide Scale Formation of Low-Carbon Steels in Reheating Furnace Conditions","authors":"Francis Gyakwaa, Susanna Airaksinen, Ville-Valtteri Visuri, Anne Heikkilä, Timo Fabritius","doi":"10.1002/srin.202500248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202500248","url":null,"abstract":"The introduction of hydrogen is considered pivotal in replacing natural gas in reheating furnaces and decarbonizing the steel industry. Substituting natural gas with hydrogen as fuel will change the composition of the furnace atmosphere and may influence the scale formed on the steel surface. The study examines oxide scale formation rates of two low-carbon steels by simulating combustion atmospheres representing five fuels: natural gas (100% CH4), hydrogen (100% H2), and three CH4–H2 fuel blends (75% CH4%–25% H2, 50% CH4%–50% H2%, and 25% CH4%–75% H2) with varying free oxygen contents. Thermogravimetric analysis and characterization techniques are used to investigate oxidation behavior and the formation of oxide phases. The amount of scale formed for a fuel blend from 100% CH4 to 100% H2 shows moderate scale growth and no noticeable evolution changes in oxide phases compared with natural gas in simulated reheating conditions. Higher concentrations of free oxygen exhibit an increase in the oxide scale formed on the steel surface. Metallographic analysis shows that an atmosphere corresponding to 100% H2 has an increased oxide scale thickness compared with 100% CH4. Iron oxide phases, mainly magnetite and wustite, are identified in the samples using various characterization techniques.","PeriodicalId":21929,"journal":{"name":"steel research international","volume":"97 8","pages":"4193-4206"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/srin.202500248","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148704374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Analytical Model for Predicting Cu Separation in Cu-Containing Steels During High-Temperature Oxidation in Air 含铜钢在空气中高温氧化过程中铜分离的分析模型

IF 2.3 3区材料科学

steel research international Pub Date : 2026-08-11 Epub Date: 2026-06-11 DOI: 10.1002/srin.202501128

D. Landi, S. Sridhar, E. De Moor

引用次数: 0

A Comparative Study on Hydrogen Reduction of Iron Oxide Pellets in a Shaft Furnace with Selective Gas Recycling 选择性气体回收竖炉氧化铁球团氢还原的对比研究

IF 2.3 3区材料科学

steel research international Pub Date : 2026-08-11 Epub Date: 2025-07-25 DOI: 10.1002/srin.202500405

Chenxi Zhao, Lei Shao, Henrik Saxén

{"title":"A Comparative Study on Hydrogen Reduction of Iron Oxide Pellets in a Shaft Furnace with Selective Gas Recycling","authors":"Chenxi Zhao, Lei Shao, Henrik Saxén","doi":"10.1002/srin.202500405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202500405","url":null,"abstract":"As an alternative technology developed for carbon-lean steelmaking, hydrogen-based reduction of iron ore has recently attracted worldwide interest. In the current article, the reduction process of iron oxide pellets in the hydrogen shaft furnace equipped with a dual-row top gas recycling system is investigated numerically, with the main purpose of assessing the potential of introducing a center gas collector at the upper part of the furnace, and further exploring the extent to which the reduction process can be enhanced in comparison with the results for a setup without the collector. It is observed that the in-furnace thermochemical state gradually enhances by increasing the upper-row feed rate of the recycled off-gas for both scenarios. Under a given upper-row gas feed rate, the new configuration yields a more favorable thermochemical state since the off-gas with a high content of reducing agent is selectively collected and recycled to the upper-row tuyeres. By adopting this novel concept featuring selective gas recycling, the final wüstite-to-iron reduction step of the pellets can occur in the upper part of the furnace, thus promoting the overall metallization of the product. The findings may serve as guidelines for the design of more efficient hydrogen-based shaft furnace processes.","PeriodicalId":21929,"journal":{"name":"steel research international","volume":"97 8","pages":"4108-4118"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148704417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cover Picture: Iron and Steel Research in Transition (steel research int. 8/2026) 封面图片：转型中的钢铁研究（钢铁研究中心）8/2026)

IF 2.3 3区材料科学

steel research international Pub Date : 2026-08-11 DOI: 10.1002/srin.70614

Alexander Gramlich, Yan Ma

引用次数: 0

Recycling of Mill Scale Into High-Purity Iron Through Hydrogen-Based Reduction 用氢基还原法回收磨屑制高纯铁

IF 2.3 3区材料科学

steel research international Pub Date : 2026-08-11 Epub Date: 2026-02-28 DOI: 10.1002/srin.202501070

Nathalia C. Verissimo, Anumoy Ganguly, Lucas Varoto, Tim M. Schwarz, Jean-Baptiste Letz, Ubaid Manzoor, Laurine Choisez, Dierk Raabe, Isnaldi R. Souza Filho

{"title":"Recycling of Mill Scale Into High-Purity Iron Through Hydrogen-Based Reduction","authors":"Nathalia C. Verissimo, Anumoy Ganguly, Lucas Varoto, Tim M. Schwarz, Jean-Baptiste Letz, Ubaid Manzoor, Laurine Choisez, Dierk Raabe, Isnaldi R. Souza Filho","doi":"10.1002/srin.202501070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202501070","url":null,"abstract":"Steel production generates various by-products. Among them, mill scale stands out as an iron oxide-rich residue from the casting and hot rolling processes, representing approximately 2% of all global steel output. However, mill scale is also often contaminated with other types of impurities, including metallic and non-metallic ones, which makes the recycling process into a high-purity product a challenge. This study investigates two hydrogen-based reduction techniques, viz., solid-state direct reduction (DR) and hydrogen plasma smelting reduction (HPSR), as a low-carbon alternative for mill scale recycling. The influence of different temperatures and exposure times to gaseous hydrogen during direct reduction provides valuable information regarding phase transformation kinetics. Specifically, local chemical segregation of impurities, such as Mn, retards the full conversion of wüstite into sponge iron. This work demonstrates a 92% reduction rate of wüstite into metallic iron after 180 min of reduction via DR. Conversely, reduction via HPSR achieves a similar reduction rate, that is, 91% in only 20 min of the experiment. The obtained results shed light on the feasibility of recovering mill scale through hydrogen-driven emerging techniques, thus minimising the generation of waste sub-products during steel production.","PeriodicalId":21929,"journal":{"name":"steel research international","volume":"97 8","pages":"4162-4175"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/srin.202501070","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148704327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effective Equilibrium Reaction Zone Modeling of Hydrogen Plasma Smelting Reduction: A Scenario Analysis 氢等离子体熔炼还原有效平衡反应区建模：情景分析

IF 2.3 3区材料科学

steel research international Pub Date : 2026-08-11 Epub Date: 2026-04-20 DOI: 10.1002/srin.202501061

Tristan K. Wickham, Stephanus P. Du Preez, Dmitri G. Bessarabov, Stephan C. Louw, Ernst L. J. Kleynhans

{"title":"Effective Equilibrium Reaction Zone Modeling of Hydrogen Plasma Smelting Reduction: A Scenario Analysis","authors":"Tristan K. Wickham, Stephanus P. Du Preez, Dmitri G. Bessarabov, Stephan C. Louw, Ernst L. J. Kleynhans","doi":"10.1002/srin.202501061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202501061","url":null,"abstract":"This work develops a dynamic model for hydrogen plasma smelting reduction (HPSR) in direct current arc furnaces, implemented with a zonal approach to simulate industrial operations. The model couples thermodynamic principles with grouped mass-transfer parameters to predict the time evolution of mass, temperature, and composition in the metal, slag, and off-gas across furnace zones. Calibration is performed against published experimental data to accurately capture key mass-transfer dynamics. Industrial scenarios, including variations in ore pre-reduction, off-gas recycling, and feed arrangements, are analyzed, with simulations quantifying specific energy requirements (SER) and evaluating impacts on hydrogen utilization and degree of reduction. Results indicate that off-gas recycling yields the lowest SER. Sensitivity analysis identifies feed distribution and ore pre-reduction as dominant variables influencing hydrogen utilization and SER. The findings provide operational insights to guide experimental planning and help optimize conditions for energy efficiency and sustainability in HPSR. The model serves as a tool to evaluate new process scenarios and benchmark performance. Recommendations include refining mass-transfer coefficients and hydrogen lance effects to further improve efficiency. The planned 100 kVA test unit by Metix will enable empirical validation and iterative tuning of the modeling framework, supporting the development of sustainable metallurgical practices across the industry.","PeriodicalId":21929,"journal":{"name":"steel research international","volume":"97 8","pages":"4138-4161"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/srin.202501061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148704448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of Tramp Elements on Phase Transformations, Structure, and Properties of Scrap-Based Steels: A Focused Review of Recent Developments 不稳定元素对废钢相变、组织和性能的影响：近期研究进展综述

IF 2.3 3区材料科学

steel research international Pub Date : 2026-08-11 Epub Date: 2026-05-05 DOI: 10.1002/srin.70492

Oleksandr Glushko, Ronald Schnitzer

{"title":"Influence of Tramp Elements on Phase Transformations, Structure, and Properties of Scrap-Based Steels: A Focused Review of Recent Developments","authors":"Oleksandr Glushko, Ronald Schnitzer","doi":"10.1002/srin.70492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.70492","url":null,"abstract":"This review summarizes the current understanding of how tramp elements, introduced through the increased use of scrap in steelmaking, affect processability, microstructure, and the resulting mechanical properties of steels. Tramp elements such as Cr, Ni, Sn, Sb, Cu can give rise to a wide range of potential effects, including retardation of diffusion-based phase transformations, incomplete recrystallization, grain refinement, precipitation, grain boundary segregation, or shift of ductile-brittle transition temperature. The main impacts on material performance include strengthening, loss of ductility, and various forms of embrittlement. The likelihood and magnitude of these effects depend strongly on the concentration of tramp elements, the applied heat treatment, and the chemical composition of the steel. Building on the fundamental understanding of how tramp elements influence structure–property relationships, several mitigation strategies aimed at limiting or counteracting their adverse effects are identified and discussed. Based on the provided results and discussions, it can be stated that in-depth understanding of the impacts of tramp elements combined with tailored counter-measures can enable unrestricted usage of scrap in steelmaking within a circular economy.","PeriodicalId":21929,"journal":{"name":"steel research international","volume":"97 8","pages":"4067-4084"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/srin.70492","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148704457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0