steel research international最新文献

{"title":"Investigating the Effects of Boron Nitride on Mechanical Properties of CoCrFeNiMn Composites","authors":"Maloth Mohan Kumar,&nbsp;Gosula Suresh,&nbsp;Praveen Barmavatu","doi":"10.1002/srin.202400646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202400646","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are gaining attention for their exceptional properties but achieving precision and surface quality in powder metallurgy (PM) can be challenging. This study investigates the mechanical properties of CoCrFeNiMn HEAs produced through the flake powder metallurgy (FPM) technique and laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) preservative industrial, which established outstanding antiwear properties. To assess the enhancement of mechanical behavior and wear resistance by incorporating boron nitride (BN) into CoCrFeNiMn composites is fabricated via FPM. By incorporating BN into the composites, the mechanical behavior is significantly enhanced, leading to improved resistance against wear. Furthermore, the study delivers comprehensions into the serration behavior microstructure and shear localization in a high-strain-rate-deformed CoCrFeMnNi entropy-high alloy produces through metallurgy in powder. The serration behavior of the CoCrFeMnNi HEA is discussed concerning strain rate and temperature. Accordingly, the study employs the LPBF technique to fabricate the CoCrFeMnNi alloy from the prepared flakes. Microstructural characterization using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques to explore phase distribution, grain size, and possible segregation in the CoCrFeMnNi alloy produced through FPM-LPBF is performed. In this particular investigation, a gradient microstructure is achieved through fusion in a laser-powder bed of CoCrFeMnNi HEA onto highly deformed equal-atomic HEA sheets. The resulting combination of partially recrystallized regions, exhibiting elevated yield strength, and fully recrystallized regions, demonstrates enhanced strain hardenability and elongation, and yields superior mechanical properties. The results obtained from the FPM-LPBF CoCrFeMnNi alloy will be compared with those of conventionally processed CoCrFeMnNi to highlight the advantages and improvements achieved through the proposed method. The study findings reveal that the fundamental understanding of HEAs’ behavior under LPBF with FPM affords valuable insights into optimizing the processing parameters and achieving superior mechanical attributes.</p>","PeriodicalId":21929,"journal":{"name":"steel research international","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inclusion Transfer Phenomenon under Unsteady Multiphase Flow during Rheinstahl–Heraeus Vacuum Treatment Process","authors":"Shifu Chen,&nbsp;Bin Yang,&nbsp;Yuanyou Xiao,&nbsp;Hong Lei","doi":"10.1002/srin.202400690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202400690","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Inclusion particles are extremely harmful to the quality of steel products, and Rheinstahl–Heraeus (RH) vacuum treatment is the key process to remove the inclusions from molten steel. By coupling analyzing the unsteady gas–liquid flow and decarbonization reaction, the inclusion mass/population conservation model is developed to explore the inclusion particles transfer phenomenon during RH vacuum treatment process. The coupling mathematical models are validated by the metallurgical experimental data. The results show that the predicted inclusion mass concentration in unsteady CO–Ar–molten steel multiphase system has significantly smaller relative error than that in steady Ar–molten steel flow. CO bubble plays a key role in the inclusion transfer phenomenon, which prompts the inclusion transport, the collision-aggregation, and the removal process. At the 4th minute of vacuum treatment, the average inclusion volume concentration and the average inclusion number density in CO–Ar–molten steel are 72.75% and 64.62% of those in Ar–molten steel, respectively. The average inclusion characteristic radius in CO–Ar–molten steel is 7.33% larger than that in Ar–molten steel.</p>","PeriodicalId":21929,"journal":{"name":"steel research international","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Study on Droplet Splashing Behavior of Slag-Splashing for Converter Protection Using Volume of Fluid-Discrete Phase Model Two-Way Conversion Model","authors":"Fengsheng Qi,&nbsp;Shuqi Zhou,&nbsp;Liangyu Zhang,&nbsp;Huifang Huo,&nbsp;Zhongqiu Liu,&nbsp;Sherman C.P. Cheung,&nbsp;Baokuan Li","doi":"10.1002/srin.202400289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202400289","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Limited quantitative research exists on the complex phenomenon of slag splashing in converters. A comprehensive modeling framework is developed to fill this gap, integrating a 3D two-phase flow model with a volume of fluid-discrete phase model two-way conversion model. This framework explores droplet behavior during splashing for converter protection, encompassing the mutual conversion between slag and discrete droplets induced by top-blowing oxygen. It also tracks the trajectories of all droplets, enabling a detailed quantitative analysis of the splashing process. The Eulerian wall film model is used to simulate liquid film formation on the converter wall. Model predictions are validated against 1:10 scale experimental data from a 50 t converter. This assessment covers splashing rates, droplet locations, and size distribution under various operating conditions. Parametric studies identified an optimal top-blowing flow rate of 8.80 Nm³ h⁻¹ and an oxygen lance height of 233.2 mm, balancing splashing effectiveness with production cost and safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":21929,"journal":{"name":"steel research international","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling Freeze-Lining Formation: A Case Study in the Slag Fuming Process","authors":"Christian M. Gomes Rodrigues,&nbsp;Menghuai Wu,&nbsp;Mathias Chintinne,&nbsp;Anton Ishmurzin,&nbsp;Gernot Hackl,&nbsp;Clemens Lind,&nbsp;Abdellah Kharicha","doi":"10.1002/srin.202400618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202400618","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000Slag fuming (SF) is a metallurgical process designed to recycle Zn-containing slags derived from various industrial residues. To protect the reactor from corrosive molten slag, a deliberate as-solidified slag layer, known as a freeze lining (FL), is formed on the reactor walls using intense water-cooled jackets. In this article, a computational-fluid-dynamics-based model capable of simulating FL formation in a SF furnace is presented. To capture the complex multiphase flow dynamics, heat transfer, and FL formation during SF, a volume-of-fluid model is coupled with a mixture continuum solidification model. Three phases are considered: gas, liquid bulk slag, and solid slag (FL). Moreover, two types of FL are distinguished: one that solidifies on the reactor wall in the bulk slag region and another that solidifies on the reactor wall in the freeboard region owing to slag splashing. Comparisons between calculated FL thickness and heat fluxes and corresponding industrial data demonstrate satisfactory agreement. In this outcome, the robustness of the model is underscored and confidence in its accuracy is instilled. In the simulation results, valuable insights are provided into the evolution of the fuming process, particularly regarding the slag bath temperature, slag splashing dynamics, FL formation, local heat fluxes through the reactor wall, and global net energy balance.</p>","PeriodicalId":21929,"journal":{"name":"steel research international","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/srin.202400618","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contents: steel research int. 11/2024","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/srin.202470113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202470113","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21929,"journal":{"name":"steel research international","volume":"95 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/srin.202470113","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/srin.202300677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202300677","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;He started his professional career between 1976 and 1979 as a research associate in the Department of Industrial Furnaces and Heat Engineering of RWTH Aachen University. He then took positions in the steel industry from 1979 till 2002. He first served at Vereinigte Deutsche Metallwerke as manager quality and research of the melt shop Unna. Since 1987 he headed the metallurgical department of Krupp Nirosta (later ThyssenKrupp Nirosta).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;After habilitation In 1998 he became, in addition to his industrial activity, private lecturer (Privat-Dozent) at the RWTH Aachen for the topic Metallurgy and High Temperature Reaction Technique. In 2002, Piotr Scheller accepted the call for the Chair of Iron and Steel Metallurgy at TU Bergakademie Freiberg in Saxony. Until January 2012 he headed the Institute for Iron and Steel Technology which can look back on a long and important history. He also served as the dean of the Faculty for Materials Science and Materials Engineering, he initiated collaborations between the TU Freiberg and universities in Poland, China, South Korea, Sweden and Ukraine. In 2011 he received the »Medal of Honor« from the Academy for Mining and Metallurgy Krakow for his scientific achievements in Saxony-Polish cooperation. During his active time in Freiberg he built up a laboratory with the most modern experimental techniques for the measurements of surface tension and viscosities of molten phase at steelmaking temperatures along with numerous other experimental equipment. Since his retirement he has been invited as visiting professor by a number of famous universities in the world.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;His achievements in the scientific field are comprehensive and very diverse. Based on industrial experiments, Piotr Scheller described the flow behavior in the ladle and delivered important contributions to the kinetics of nitrogen transfer between gas and Cr-Ni-alloys. The precipitation of non-metallic inclusions especially in the continuous casting process was the starting point for the investigation of the interfacial phenomena between liquid steel and slag. In fact, his contributions in the area of interfacial phenomena and the application of the same in process metallurgy are extremely important in modelling various two phase reactions in metallurgical processes. Professor Scheller has been author of ca. 200 publications in reputed journals in the field of process metallurgy. His contributions to the book “Treatise on Process Metallurgy”, Elsevier publications, both as section editor as well as a contributor to several chapters, are highly significant. The 2nd edition of this book, scheduled early 2024, will see further contributions of him. He is owner of 6 patents/patent applications in the field if iron and steelmaking.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This special issue in steel research international is dedicated to Professor Scheller on the occasion of his 75th birthday in 2024. We hope for many future meetings with this charming scientist and wish him man","PeriodicalId":21929,"journal":{"name":"steel research international","volume":"95 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/srin.202300677","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Refining Slag Composition on the Cleanliness of Oriented Silicon Steel","authors":"Qing Liu,&nbsp;Min Wang,&nbsp;Weiguang Pang,&nbsp;Lidong Xing,&nbsp;Yanping Bao","doi":"10.1002/srin.202400637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202400637","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To improve the cleanliness of oriented silicon steel, industrial experiments are performed under different refining slag composition conditions. The results show that the use of medium-basicity refining slag (w(CaO)/w(SiO₂) = 2.3–2.6, w(CaO)/w(Al₂O₃) = 2.3–2.6) results in higher steel cleanliness with lower Al₂O₃ volume fraction, and smaller inclusions. In addition, the thermodynamic equilibrium between the oriented silicon steel slag and the molten steel is investigated at a temperature of 1873 K (1600 °C) to understand the effect of different slag compositions on the oxygen content and Al₂O₃ absorption capacity. Furthermore, a mathematical model is introduced to describe the behavior of inclusions at the steel–slag interface as well as to predict the removal of oxide inclusions during the slag-refining process. The experimental and predicted results for inclusion removal after slag refining are in good agreement.</p>","PeriodicalId":21929,"journal":{"name":"steel research international","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Response Optimization of an Orthotropic Steel Deck Section with Thermo-Mechanical Tensioning","authors":"Arindom Bora,&nbsp;Debabrata Podder","doi":"10.1002/srin.202400617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202400617","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this investigation, Taguchi's grey relational analysis (GRA) is utilized to optimize parameters in an orthotropic steel deck section subjected to thermo-mechanical tensioning. In this study, it is aimed to determine optimal values for deck thickness, welding sequence, and welding speed, which are evaluated through finite-element analysis based on outputs such as longitudinal stress, transverse stress, and deflection. In this study, a previously validated numerical simulation model is extended by conducting a parametric analysis to investigate the influence of varying parameters on the model's behavior. An analysis of variance is conducted to identify the most significant variable affecting the input parameters. Additionally, a confirmatory test is also performed to validate the characteristics of the Grey Relational Grade. In the results, it is indicated that faster welding speeds result in increased deflection of the deck plate. Furthermore, the transition from compressive to tensile longitudinal stress is more abrupt in thinner decks (9–10 mm) compared to thicker decks (11–12 mm). This redistribution of residual stresses is attributed to the increasing thickness of the deck plate. Optimal input levels (A2–B1–C1: 10 mm deck thickness, welding sequence case 1, and 0.005 m s⁻¹ welding speed) are determined using GRA. Welding speed contributes the maximum to the optimization results among the evaluated variables.</p>","PeriodicalId":21929,"journal":{"name":"steel research international","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recrystallization Behavior of Computationally Optimized Low-Alloy Steel at Various Temperatures and Strain Rates","authors":"Muhammad Raies Abdullah,&nbsp;Farooq Ahmad,&nbsp;Vignesh Babu Rajendren,&nbsp;Zhen Peng,&nbsp;Guanjun Qiao,&nbsp;Fang Liang,&nbsp;Syed Sohail Ahmad Shah","doi":"10.1002/srin.202400462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202400462","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behavior of SA508-III steel, a critical material for reactor pressure vessels (RPVs) normally treated by hot forging, is thoroughly examined in this article. In the investigation, elevated temperatures and the coarsening of metallic phases and carbides are revealed to contribute to the degradation of the steel's strength–toughness relationship. Utilizing computational thermodynamics, the stability of secondary phases, including carbides and brittle inclusions, is simulated to enable precise phase equilibrium calculations and accurate prediction of key mechanical properties such as yield strength, tensile strength, and hardness. These simulations facilitated targeted modifications to the alloy composition to enhance the steel's strength and hardenability under high-temperature, high-pressure conditions. In this study, alloy composition and processing parameters within the CALculation of PHAse Diagram framework, utilizing the ThermoCalc and JMatPro software packages, are optimized. In the microstructural investigations conducted under various isothermal deformation conditions (1173–1473 K) and strain rates (0.001–1 s⁻¹), it is demonstrated that DRX mechanisms led to varied grain size developments, with a critical strain rate identified at 0.01 s⁻¹ during high-temperature deformations. In these findings, significant insights are provided into optimizing the mechanical performance of SA508-III steel for RPV applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":21929,"journal":{"name":"steel research international","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Role of TiC Precipitation in Dynamic Recrystallization Behavior of a Novel Ship Steel","authors":"Pengyu Wen,&nbsp;Zhenbo Jiao,&nbsp;Mingyang Zhao,&nbsp;Fanyun Meng,&nbsp;Xiaohui Wang,&nbsp;Yingxue Teng,&nbsp;Yuenian He,&nbsp;Jing Guo","doi":"10.1002/srin.202400422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202400422","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examines the single-pass thermal compression behavior of Ti-bearing ship plate steel across a temperature range of 850–1150 °C and strain rates from 0.01 to 7 s⁻¹, employing the Gleeble-2000D thermomechanical simulator. It delves into the evolution of TiC precipitation and dynamic recrystallization (DRX), along with the austenite decomposition transformation during hot compression and subsequent cooling. Active dynamic recrystallization commences at deformation temperatures above 1050 °C, facilitated by the diminished pinning pressure of TiC carbides. This leads to the development of fine DRX austenite grains, influenced by an increase in strain rates and a decrease in temperature. Simultaneously, the fraction of TiC dispersions decreases as the deformation temperature increases, yet they maintain a consistent size of 5–10 nm. The refined particle size is attributed to their low interfacial energy with the austenite matrix, determined by the first principle to be 0.21 J m⁻². Due to the severe deformation and numerous dispersions, specimens subjected to a thermal deformation regime at 850 °C and a strain rate of 7 s⁻¹ present a peak in hardness, reaching a maximum of 324 HV. The Ti microalloying approach offers pivotal insights into improving the rollability and mechanical characteristics of ship plate steel.</p>","PeriodicalId":21929,"journal":{"name":"steel research international","volume":"96 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}