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Effect of Mo on the Phase Transformation, Microstructure, and Hardness of Q500qENH Weathering Steel of Bridge Construction during Continuous Cooling
IF 1.9 3区 材料科学
steel research international Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1002/srin.202400561
Zhang Ke, Li Li-Zhi, Liu Wen-Sheng, Meng Shao-Bo, Xu Dang-Wei, Huang Zhong, Zhang Ming-Ya, Li Zhao-Dong, Liu Zheng-Dong
{"title":"Effect of Mo on the Phase Transformation, Microstructure, and Hardness of Q500qENH Weathering Steel of Bridge Construction during Continuous Cooling","authors":"Zhang Ke,&nbsp;Li Li-Zhi,&nbsp;Liu Wen-Sheng,&nbsp;Meng Shao-Bo,&nbsp;Xu Dang-Wei,&nbsp;Huang Zhong,&nbsp;Zhang Ming-Ya,&nbsp;Li Zhao-Dong,&nbsp;Liu Zheng-Dong","doi":"10.1002/srin.202400561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202400561","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article investigates the precipitation behavior of Mo element in the continuous cooling phase transformation process of weathering steel of bridge construction and its influence on microstructure and hardness. The results demonstrate that the addition of Mo leads to the narrowing of the phase transformation interval of proeutectoid ferrite and pearlite, the expansion of the bainite transformation zone, a delayed bainite phase transformation process, and the refinement of bainite microstructure. Moreover, theoretical calculations of bainite phase transformation kinetics reveal that the average activation energy for bainite transformation in Mo-free and Mo-containing steels is 94.8 and 134.0 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. The new grains of Mo-free steel mainly grow in a 2D mode, while Mo containing steel mainly grows in a 1D mode, which confirms the retarding effect of Mo on bainite grain growth. Additionally, Mo significantly increases the number density and refines the size of precipitated phases in weathering steel of bridge construction. Within the cooling rate range of 0.1–30 °C s<sup>−1</sup>, the hardness of weathering steel of bridge construction is enhanced by Mo, with the magnitude of hardness increment decreasing as the cooling rate increases. This behavior is primarily governed by the combined influence of phase transformation strengthening and precipitation strengthening.</p>","PeriodicalId":21929,"journal":{"name":"steel research international","volume":"96 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Decomposition Behavior of Limestone Powder in Converter Flue Gas: Effect of Fe-Oxide Dust on Calcium Ferrite Formation
IF 1.9 3区 材料科学
steel research international Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1002/srin.202400383
Xiaoqing Chen, Nan Wang, Jianan Zhou, Yi Wang
{"title":"Decomposition Behavior of Limestone Powder in Converter Flue Gas: Effect of Fe-Oxide Dust on Calcium Ferrite Formation","authors":"Xiaoqing Chen,&nbsp;Nan Wang,&nbsp;Jianan Zhou,&nbsp;Yi Wang","doi":"10.1002/srin.202400383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202400383","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000To improve the utilization level and energy conversion efficiency of converter flue gas, a novel technology is proposed for the online production of slagging and dephosphorization agent by utilizing the waste heat of converter flue gas. Herein, the effects of Fe-oxide dust in converter flue gas on the phase composition and microstructure of decomposed product and decomposition degree are investigated by high-temperature drop tube furnace experiment and thermogravimetric experiment to clarify the influencing mechanism of Fe-oxide dust on limestone powder decomposition. The results show that Ca<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> is formed during limestone decomposition in the flue gas with Fe-oxide dust, and the increase of Fe-oxide dust content promotes the decomposition reaction of limestone powder and formation of calcium ferrite. With the Fe-oxide dust content increasing from 10% to 30%, the decomposition degree increases from 80.1% to 96.2% and the proportion of Ca<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> increases from 6.35% to 35.90%. Moreover, FeO in the dust reacts with both CaCO<sub>3</sub> and CaO completely to form calcium ferrite with the presence of external oxygen gas in converter flue gas, whereas FeO has no significant effect on the decomposition of CaCO<sub>3</sub> in an inert atmosphere and no Ca<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> is formed.</p>","PeriodicalId":21929,"journal":{"name":"steel research international","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Structural Characteristics of Active Quicklime Flux and Optimization of Quasiparticle Granulation Performance in Thick-Bed Sintering
IF 1.9 3区 材料科学
steel research international Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1002/srin.202400660
Sida Li, Jianliang Zhang, Yaozu Wang, Lele Niu, Yushan Dai, Wenxiang Hu, Zhengjian Liu
{"title":"Structural Characteristics of Active Quicklime Flux and Optimization of Quasiparticle Granulation Performance in Thick-Bed Sintering","authors":"Sida Li,&nbsp;Jianliang Zhang,&nbsp;Yaozu Wang,&nbsp;Lele Niu,&nbsp;Yushan Dai,&nbsp;Wenxiang Hu,&nbsp;Zhengjian Liu","doi":"10.1002/srin.202400660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202400660","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The deterioration of sintering bed permeability is an important factor that hinders thick-bed sintering. Flux is one of the key factors that determines the bonding degree of quasiparticles. Selecting high-quality flux is an effective way to improve both the permeability and thickness of the sintering bed. Herein, the hydration activity of quicklime flux is used as a criterion to assess quality. Two types of quicklimes with different activity levels are selected for comparative analysis in three aspects: microstructure, sinter quasiparticle granulation performance, and the sinter mineralization process. The experimental results show that active quicklime has a higher CaO content and fewer impurities. The small and dense CaO particles give active quicklime significant advantages in raw material granulation and sinter mineral formation. The application of active quicklime can effectively improve the permeability of the sintering bed; notably, the drying fines’ removal rate decreases from 22.81% to 2.42% with an increase in the ratio of active quicklime addition. However, this affects the average particle size of quasiparticles. To address this issue, solutions are determined by adjusting the condition parameters. It is concluded that active quicklime plays an important role in enhancing the permeability of the sintering bed during thick-bed sintering production.</p>","PeriodicalId":21929,"journal":{"name":"steel research international","volume":"96 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Delving Deep into the Influence of Pressure on Columnar-to-Equiaxed Transition in High-Nitrogen Steel Ingot by Thermodynamics and Kinetics
IF 1.9 3区 材料科学
steel research international Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1002/srin.202400533
Zhuo-Wen Ni, Hong-Chun Zhu, Hua-Bing Li, Zhi-Yu He, Hao Feng, Shu-Cai Zhang, Peng-Chong Lu, Hai-Jian Wang, Zhou-Hua Jiang
{"title":"Delving Deep into the Influence of Pressure on Columnar-to-Equiaxed Transition in High-Nitrogen Steel Ingot by Thermodynamics and Kinetics","authors":"Zhuo-Wen Ni,&nbsp;Hong-Chun Zhu,&nbsp;Hua-Bing Li,&nbsp;Zhi-Yu He,&nbsp;Hao Feng,&nbsp;Shu-Cai Zhang,&nbsp;Peng-Chong Lu,&nbsp;Hai-Jian Wang,&nbsp;Zhou-Hua Jiang","doi":"10.1002/srin.202400533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202400533","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Based on the analysis of thermodynamic driving force and solidification kinetics under pressure, the influence mechanism of solidification pressure on columnar-to-equiaxed transition (CET) of high-nitrogen steel is clarified. It is observed that increasing the solidification pressure from 0.5 to 2 MPa results in a shift of the CET positions toward the center. This is attributed to the fact that higher solidification pressure can promote the growth of columnar dendrites by increasing the solidification rate, temperature gradient, and cooling rate. Meanwhile, increasing the solidification pressure shortens the length of the diffusion zone ahead of the advancing columnar front and reduces the supercooling. As a result, it becomes more difficult for equiaxed dendrites to nucleate ahead of the advancing columnar front, leading to CET positions closer to the center. This indicates that the main influencing factor for the change in CET caused by changing solidification pressure is solidification kinetics, that is, changes in the nucleation and growth environment of equiaxed dendrites, while thermodynamic driving forces are not the primary factor causing CET position changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":21929,"journal":{"name":"steel research international","volume":"96 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Functionally Gradient H13 Tool Steel/Oxygen-Free High Thermal Conductivity Cu Composites Manufactured by Laser-Directed Energy Deposition
IF 1.9 3区 材料科学
steel research international Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1002/srin.202400190
Owen Hambleton Craig, Eric Moreau, Joshua Toddy, Nylana Murphy, Harold Scott Halliday, Stephen F. Corbin, Kevin Paul Plucknett
{"title":"Functionally Gradient H13 Tool Steel/Oxygen-Free High Thermal Conductivity Cu Composites Manufactured by Laser-Directed Energy Deposition","authors":"Owen Hambleton Craig,&nbsp;Eric Moreau,&nbsp;Joshua Toddy,&nbsp;Nylana Murphy,&nbsp;Harold Scott Halliday,&nbsp;Stephen F. Corbin,&nbsp;Kevin Paul Plucknett","doi":"10.1002/srin.202400190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202400190","url":null,"abstract":"<p>H13 tool steel and copper (Cu) functionally gradient materials (FGMs) have been manufactured using laser-directed energy deposition (L-DED). Differential scanning calorimetry analysis of H13-Cu blends shows clear separation of the Fe-rich and Cu-rich liquids due to the Fe–Cu miscibility gap. Also, in the analysis, it is determined that there is a large solidification range that will promote solidification cracking. A compositional gradient is produced by changing the powder feed rates in situ within the L-DED system, to create six different compositions, beginning with 100% H13 at the substrate and ending at 100% Cu. Single-track clads and three-layer clad tracks of various H13-Cu blends are successfully printed onto a wrought H13 substrate. The cross section of the clad samples containing Cu experiences vertical cracking, indicative of solidification cracking. Rectangular FGM samples of H13-Cu are successfully printed onto a wrought H13 substrate using two different laser powers, namely 400 and 460 W; however, these samples experience major porosity and detrimental transverse cracking issues situated in the ≈25 and ≈45 wt% Cu sections. This is attributed to the Fe–Cu miscibility gap, difference in coefficient of thermal expansion, and Cu being known to promote cracking in steels. Some potential solutions to these issues are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":21929,"journal":{"name":"steel research international","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/srin.202400190","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of Rare Earth Ce on Structure and Properties in 7CrSiMnMoV Die Steel Castings
IF 1.9 3区 材料科学
steel research international Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1002/srin.202400631
Qian Long, Zongbo Li, Jie Zeng, Xu Gao, Wanlin Wang, Yan Feng
{"title":"Effect of Rare Earth Ce on Structure and Properties in 7CrSiMnMoV Die Steel Castings","authors":"Qian Long,&nbsp;Zongbo Li,&nbsp;Jie Zeng,&nbsp;Xu Gao,&nbsp;Wanlin Wang,&nbsp;Yan Feng","doi":"10.1002/srin.202400631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202400631","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, rare earth (RE) Ce is used to modify the interaction between atoms in 7CrSiMnMoV die steel castings. The tensile properties are performed, and strengthening mechanism are analyzed by investigated fracture surface, and microstructure by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS). And ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) is used to simulate the effect of the Ce element on the local atomic structure of the Fe<span></span>Ce<span></span>C system alloy steel. The results indicate the strength can increase from 722.55 to 1074.27 MPa, and the elongation can increase from 24.86% to 44.22% with a RE Ce concentration of 0.009%. It is attributed to that doping of Ce can inhibit the formation of network eutectic cementite, refine the lamellar spacing of pearlite, and even form granular cementite and martensite structures. AIMD simulation results show that C atoms tend to be surrounded by Fe, and the strong chemical bonds of Fe<span></span>C make the Fe-centered C more stable with an increase in RE Ce concentration. And doping Ce can introduce new local topological and chemical orderings such that the Fe<span></span>C<span></span>Fe triplets predominantly form small and big angles shifting from near 75° and 136° to 47° and 81°, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":21929,"journal":{"name":"steel research international","volume":"96 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Role of Carbon Content on the Microstructure of Rapidly Solidified Fe–Cr–Ni Duplex Steels
IF 1.9 3区 材料科学
steel research international Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1002/srin.202400626
Emanuelle Machado Amaral, Daniela Passarelo Moura da Fonseca, Katia Cristiane Gandolpho Candioto, Angelo Fernando Padilha
{"title":"The Role of Carbon Content on the Microstructure of Rapidly Solidified Fe–Cr–Ni Duplex Steels","authors":"Emanuelle Machado Amaral,&nbsp;Daniela Passarelo Moura da Fonseca,&nbsp;Katia Cristiane Gandolpho Candioto,&nbsp;Angelo Fernando Padilha","doi":"10.1002/srin.202400626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202400626","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this research, the microstructure of three melt-spinning ribbons with a weight-based composition of Fe–25Cr–5Ni and varying carbon contents (0.02, 0.10, and 0.38 wt%) is evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are used for microstructural characterization. SEM analyses consist of image acquisition and electron backscatter diffraction. TEM analyses consist of bright-field image acquisition, selected area electron diffraction, high-resolution TEM, and local chemical composition measurements by energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry. According to the results, the ribbons show different microstructures resulting from different solidification paths. The ribbon containing 0.02%C presents a predominantly ferritic microstructure, and austenite solid-state precipitation is not suppressed. It occurs as grain-boundaries allotriomorphs and secondary Widmanstätten side plates. As a result of carbon additions, the ribbon containing 0.10%C shows a microstructure composed of nearly equal parts ferrite and austenite, along with M<sub>23</sub>C<sub>6</sub> (M = Cr<sub>15.6</sub>Fe<sub>7.4</sub>) nanometric carbides. The cube-on-cube orientation relationship is found between M<sub>23</sub>C<sub>6</sub> and austenite. Lastly, the ribbon containing 0.38%C exhibits austenitic microstructure with islands of ferrite surrounded by M<sub>7</sub>C<sub>3</sub> (M = Cr<sub>4.14</sub>Fe<sub>2.86</sub>) carbides.</p>","PeriodicalId":21929,"journal":{"name":"steel research international","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/srin.202400626","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Characterization and 3D Reconstruction of the Crushing Behavior of SiO2–CaO–Al2O3–MgO Complex Inclusions in Spring Steel with High Basicity Slag Treatment
IF 1.9 3区 材料科学
steel research international Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1002/srin.202400365
Jiaqi Zhao, Min Wang, Xiaofeng Cai, Zhongliang Wang, Jianchao Ma, Haitao Jiang, Han Ma, Yanping Bao
{"title":"Characterization and 3D Reconstruction of the Crushing Behavior of SiO2–CaO–Al2O3–MgO Complex Inclusions in Spring Steel with High Basicity Slag Treatment","authors":"Jiaqi Zhao,&nbsp;Min Wang,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Cai,&nbsp;Zhongliang Wang,&nbsp;Jianchao Ma,&nbsp;Haitao Jiang,&nbsp;Han Ma,&nbsp;Yanping Bao","doi":"10.1002/srin.202400365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202400365","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article mainly studies the element content, phase composition, and fragmentation mechanism of SiO<sub>2</sub>–CaO–Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–MgO composite inclusions that cause fatigue fracture of spring steel. The study found that the SiO<sub>2</sub>–CaO–Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–MgO composite inclusions in the wire rod are not a homogeneous phase. According to the electron microscopy energy spectrum analysis results, although the SiO<sub>2</sub>–CaO–Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–MgO composite inclusion is in the low-melting-point area of the phase diagram according to the component content ratio. However, field-emission transmission electron microscopy analysis reveals that this type of composite inclusions includes MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, CaAl<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub>, CaSiO<sub>3</sub>, MgSiO<sub>3</sub>, and a small amount of CaS. The Zeiss Crossbeam 550 electron microscope is used to conduct a three-dimensional reconstruction analysis of this type of composite inclusions, which once again verified that the composition of this type of inclusions includes calcium silicate, MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, MgO, and other phases. It is also found that there is a certain gap between the inclusions and the matrix, and the gap between the inclusions with high-melting-points such as MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and MgO and the matrix is more obvious. During the rolling process of SiO<sub>2</sub>–CaO–Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–MgO composite inclusions, due to differences in hardness and deformation rate between different phases, the rolling process is deformed and fragmented for extended periods.</p>","PeriodicalId":21929,"journal":{"name":"steel research international","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Kinetics of Oxidation of an Al2O3–SiC–C-Based Blast Furnace Trough Refractory in Air
IF 1.9 3区 材料科学
steel research international Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1002/srin.202400390
Jayaprabhu Karthikeyan, Rahul Sarkar
{"title":"Kinetics of Oxidation of an Al2O3–SiC–C-Based Blast Furnace Trough Refractory in Air","authors":"Jayaprabhu Karthikeyan,&nbsp;Rahul Sarkar","doi":"10.1002/srin.202400390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202400390","url":null,"abstract":"<p>During tapping of liquid hot-metal from the blast-furnace, the blast-furnace main trough gets exposed to air and the blast-furnace-trough refractory becomes prone to oxidation. In this work, isothermal oxidation kinetics of an Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–SiC–C-based BFT (Blast-Furnace-Trough) refractory castable using a high-temperature vertical tubular furnace equipped with a microbalance is investigated. Herein, it is observed that up to about 800 °C, carbon only oxidizes, resulting in weight loss in the refractory. Around 900 °C, SiC also starts to oxidize via the passive-oxidation mechanism, leading to the formation of a mullite phase as a result of the reaction between SiO<sub>2</sub> generated via passive oxidation and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> already present in the refractory. This causes a volume expansion and weight gain, both having a beneficial effect on the refractory performance, which is further validated from apparent porosity measurements. Thus, above 900 °C, simultaneous oxidation of C and passive oxidation of SiC occurs, which eventually stabilizes the weight of the refractory. Around 1100 °C, the oxidation process of the refractory is practically complete, with no further increase in the oxidation rate beyond 1100 °C. The activation energy for the oxidation process is obtained as 37.2 ± 5 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup> in the temperature range 600–1150 °C.</p>","PeriodicalId":21929,"journal":{"name":"steel research international","volume":"96 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143118542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Bimetallic Structure Fabricated through Wire Plus Arc Additive Manufacturing
IF 1.9 3区 材料科学
steel research international Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1002/srin.202400663
Vijayakumar Murugesan Devarajan, Dhinakaran Veeman, Mohan Kumar Subramaniyan, Sanjay Kannan
{"title":"Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Bimetallic Structure Fabricated through Wire Plus Arc Additive Manufacturing","authors":"Vijayakumar Murugesan Devarajan,&nbsp;Dhinakaran Veeman,&nbsp;Mohan Kumar Subramaniyan,&nbsp;Sanjay Kannan","doi":"10.1002/srin.202400663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202400663","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates the fabrication and mechanical assessment of bimetallic structure (BMS) wall using wire plus arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) technology, employing stainless steel (SS) 304 and SS 308L SS filler wire. The usage of BMS is promoted due to the limitation faced during dissimilar welding of the SS grades. The high or improper melting of the interface will lead to elemental segregation, leading to structural failure. Producing seamless BMS plates will be an ideal replacement for dissimilarly welded joints. Notably, 308L SS demonstrates superior mechanical properties compared to 304 SS, exhibiting impressive tensile strength (TS) and exceptional ductility. BMS, constructed with 308L filler wire, closely matches these better mechanical attributes, making it an attractive choice for applications prioritizing mechanical performance. Furthermore, when compared to WAAM-processed SS 304, BMS consistently outperforms in terms of TS while retaining remarkable ductility. This is due to the variation in the microstructure caused by complex thermal cycles. Hence, this research provides valuable insights into manufacturing and characterization of BMS, emphasizing the potential of WAAM-processed BMS (SS 304/SS 308L) in engineering applications demanding superior mechanical properties while replacing dissimilar joints in the fields of aerospace, aviation, automobile, and power generation industries.</p>","PeriodicalId":21929,"journal":{"name":"steel research international","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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