Soils and Foundations最新文献

{"title":"Study on uplift mechanism of grouted implantation steel pipe pile by direct shear and model tests","authors":"Qi Zhang ,&nbsp;Huiyuan Deng ,&nbsp;Wenjie Yi ,&nbsp;Guoliang Dai ,&nbsp;Hongjiang Li ,&nbsp;Xiaokang Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.sandf.2024.101459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2024.101459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The construction of steel pipe piles combined with side grouting is regarded as an effective way to improve the uplift bearing capacity of piles for transmission towers in rugged mountainous areas. This new piling technology involves the injection of grout into the annular space between the steel pipe pile and the side boundary of the pre-dug hole, which aims to improve the properties of soil-pile interface. However, to date, there are few studies on the soil-pile interface property and uplift failure model of this new kind of steel pipe piles with side grouting. In this study, the shear properties of the grouting interface between soil and steel plate were investigated, and then compared with the shear tests of undisturbed plastic clay and gravel clayey soil. It is indicated that the shear strength of the grouting interface between soil and steel plate is less than that of corresponding undisturbed soils. In addition, the uplift loading test about two grouted implantation steel pipe piles (GISPP) instrumented with Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors in plastic clay and gravel clayey soil was carried out, which demonstrates that the failure surface of GISPP mainly occurs in the interface of soil and grouting body. The grouting body can be well bonded to the steel pipe pile after uplift, but the ground surface around the GISPP presents a conical failure model. Finally, a new method considering the conical failure model was proposed to calculate the ultimate uplift capacity of GISPP, which was validated to be efficient and reliable compared with previous calculation methods.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21857,"journal":{"name":"Soils and Foundations","volume":"64 3","pages":"Article 101459"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0038080624000374/pdfft?md5=51b0ff6127513569bf494cac129b2f48&pid=1-s2.0-S0038080624000374-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140350726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Installation of open-ended piles: A numerical investigation into the effects on the state of silica sand","authors":"Michail Spyridis,&nbsp;Susana Lopez-Querol","doi":"10.1016/j.sandf.2024.101458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2024.101458","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Up to this day, there are great uncertainties in the design procedures of monopiles, especially concerning the soil state condition and penetration response during their installation. A numerical model, based on the Coupled Eulerian method and using the hypoplastic law with intergranular strain, is proposed and validated in this paper, after which a series of open-ended pile installation tests have been carried out numerically, to investigate the influence of the jacked installation on the initial conditions for three types of silica sand. A range of soil densities and pile diameters is considered in this analysis. A full investigation of the installation forces, stress level, changes in volume-stress level and voids ratio is conducted. The numerical solution provided a correlation between the penetration resistance and the granulometric properties of the studied sands. Subsequently, the radial stresses in the surrounding soil mass are correlated with the type of sand and its relative density. The stress-volume state of a set of points in the soil domain during installation is presented and discussed from the critical state framework, revealing the contribution of the in-situ state in the pile installation. Finally, the lateral earth pressure resulting after installation is presented.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21857,"journal":{"name":"Soils and Foundations","volume":"64 3","pages":"Article 101458"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0038080624000362/pdfft?md5=ddb3b33095992f1faf9f765fa24bbc32&pid=1-s2.0-S0038080624000362-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140339650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical formulation for the study of the effect of shear deformations on beam-columns and piles: Engesser and Haringx theories","authors":"Carlos A. Vega-Posada ,&nbsp;David G. Zapata-Medina ,&nbsp;Edwin F. Garcia Aristizabal","doi":"10.1016/j.sandf.2024.101446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2024.101446","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents a novel analytical formulation to study the impact of shear deformations on beam-columns and piles by means of the Timoshenko-Engesser’s and Timoshenko-Haringx’s theories. The proposed solution enables the analysis of lateral deformation or buckling, while considering the effect of shear deformations. It offers the flexibility to i) incorporate different boundary conditions at the ends of the element (e.g., semi-rigid connections and lateral transverse springs) and ii) consider an inhomogeneous elastic foundation. When certain variables are disregarded, the proposed GDE can capture particular cases of GDEs found in the literature for beam-columns and piles. Examples are provided to demonstrate the simplicity and practicality of the proposed method, and its accuracy is validated against available analytical or numerical methods. The influence of the shear effects, as computed from Engesser’s and Haringx’s methods, on the lateral and buckling responses of beam-column and pile elements is discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21857,"journal":{"name":"Soils and Foundations","volume":"64 3","pages":"Article 101446"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0038080624000246/pdfft?md5=b387ce113eb2419b263adb1f7745819e&pid=1-s2.0-S0038080624000246-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140320572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency distribution of naturally occurring arsenic leached from excavated rocks of Hokkaido Shinkansen tunnels between Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto and Oshamambe","authors":"Keita Nakajima ,&nbsp;Takahiro Yamamoto ,&nbsp;Takahiko Arima ,&nbsp;Walubita Mufalo ,&nbsp;Toshifumi Igarashi","doi":"10.1016/j.sandf.2024.101445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2024.101445","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Excavated rock produced during tunnel construction projects in volcanic areas and sedimentary rock of marine origin pose the potential hazard of introducing naturally occurring arsenic (As) into the surrounding soils and groundwater. Thus, appropriate management and/or countermeasures against As mobility is required by comprehending the leaching characteristics of the As in excavated and sedimentary rock. This study focused on the Neogene Miocene sedimentary rock of marine origin that is widely distributed between Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto and Oshamambe Stations along the Hokkaido Shinkansen in Hokkaido, Japan. The probability distribution of the leaching concentration of As from the rock excavated from the tunnels between the above stations was evaluated via batch leaching tests using crushed rock as a countermeasure against the rock containing naturally occurring toxic elements. A statistical evaluation of this probability distribution was conducted using a vast amount of test results. The results showed that the As leaching concentration followed a logarithmic normal distribution depending on the geological formation. The concentration was influenced by various factors, including the As content, key chemical composition in the rock, such as calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), and sulfur (S), as well as the pH and electrical conductivity (EC) in the leachate. In addition, the thickness of the overburden was found to impact the As leaching concentration. These results suggest that reasonable countermeasures against the risks of As leaching into the surrounding environment can be devised by considering the probability distribution of the As leaching concentration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21857,"journal":{"name":"Soils and Foundations","volume":"64 3","pages":"Article 101445"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0038080624000234/pdfft?md5=2a306f61d31e65bb9955dc2ee5acccbc&pid=1-s2.0-S0038080624000234-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140308663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sheet-coating mitigation for membrane penetration in undrained triaxial tests and evaluation of comprehensive liquefaction resistance of crushed gravel","authors":"Rie Sasaoka ,&nbsp;Takaji Kokusho ,&nbsp;Michitaka Okamoto","doi":"10.1016/j.sandf.2024.101440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2024.101440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In undrained cyclic triaxial tests on crushed gravel, it is difficult to maintain undrained conditions because of the penetration of the rubber membrane (MP: membrane penetration) into the rough surface of the test specimens. A method has been developed in the present research to physically mitigate the MP-effect wherein the rough surface of each specimen is coated and smoothed by a prefabricated fines-soil sheet. This mitigation measure has been found very effective in minimizing the <em>C_R</em> (compliance ratio for an undrained system) to achieve more strict undrained conditions. It has been further clarified that this method prevents not only the overestimation of the strength of loose specimens, as has already been recognized, but also the underestimation of the strength of dense specimens with highly positive dilatancy. The undrained cyclic strength of dense crushed gravel, comprised of various grain sizes and gradations, has been summarized in a series of undrained cyclic triaxial tests by employing the MP-mitigation method to find that, in place of the relative density governing the liquefaction resistance of loose soils, the void ratio or absolute density is a key parameter for uniquely estimating the strength with a simple empirical formula.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21857,"journal":{"name":"Soils and Foundations","volume":"64 3","pages":"Article 101440"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0038080624000180/pdfft?md5=f2ad79dab62adc3fab35f66f01d13841&pid=1-s2.0-S0038080624000180-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140180187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geometric accuracy of rock joint surface impressions obtained by less-destructive thermoplastic resin-based method","authors":"Mai Sawada ,&nbsp;Mamoru Mimura","doi":"10.1016/j.sandf.2024.101448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2024.101448","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A novel less-destructive field impression method that overcomes the uncertainties in stability assessments of rock joints in historical monuments, due to material sampling or existing destructive test limitations, has been developed. A thermoplastic resin with low fluidity and a short curing time is used to obtain the surface morphology of rock joints owing to its less destructive nature and wide applicability to the walls and ceilings of historical monuments. However, the insufficient filling of this thermoplastic resin can decrease the geometric accuracy of the impressions. Thus, the geometric accuracy of resin impressions and mortar replicas has been examined through laboratory experiments, and the results have been compared with those obtained using existing silicone-based methods, based on the statistical indicators associated with mechanical replicability. The indicator values of the method developed in this study were comparable to those of the replicas in previous studies that have sufficient geometric accuracy to satisfy mechanical replicability requirements. Furthermore, although roughness-coefficient-based methods underestimate the shear strength because of the insufficient filling of thermoplastic resins, they provide an acceptable safety margin in stability assessments of rock joints. The proposed method is suitable for conducting accurate stability assessments of historical monuments and ensuring their conservation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21857,"journal":{"name":"Soils and Foundations","volume":"64 3","pages":"Article 101448"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S003808062400026X/pdfft?md5=56b8436ac19d30f1085a02ae500e3d95&pid=1-s2.0-S003808062400026X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140163551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical study on the shear strength of granular materials under the low confining pressure","authors":"Daosheng Ling,&nbsp;Tiantian Hu,&nbsp;Jing Wang,&nbsp;Xiukai Wang,&nbsp;Changyu Shi,&nbsp;Yao Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.sandf.2024.101447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2024.101447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The relationship between stress and strength in granular soil differs under low confining pressure as compared to high confining pressure, which is of great importance for the geotechnical engineering. Numerical simulations using discrete element method (DEM) are conducted to model consolidated-drained triaxial compression tests, with the confining pressure <em>σ_c</em> ranging from 1 to1000 kPa. From the analysis of the shear strength of granular soils under various confining pressures and void ratios, it is found that the peak stress ratio <em>η_p</em> under a low <em>σ_c</em> is significantly lower than that under the high <em>σ_c</em>, particularly for samples with the same initial void ratio. As the confining pressure increases, <em>η_p</em> for samples with the same initial void ratio increases up to 29 % under the low <em>σ_c</em> while stabilizing under the high <em>σ_c</em>. Conversely, <em>η_p</em> for samples with the same void ratio after the consolidation can increase up to 13.5 % under the low <em>σ_c</em> while declining under the high <em>σ_c</em>. In addition, the critical confining pressure distinguishing the low and high confining pressures is about 200 kPa for dense samples with initial void ratio of 0.605 used in the study, and it increases as the sample void ratio increases. From the microscopic analysis, the variation of <em>η_p</em> under the low <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>σ</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> can be attributed to the enhanced anisotropy of normal contact force and contact normal under the low confining pressure. Finally, a modified Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion is proposed, which can determine the strength of granular soils under the low confining pressure with different void ratios.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21857,"journal":{"name":"Soils and Foundations","volume":"64 3","pages":"Article 101447"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0038080624000258/pdfft?md5=5e464d409fd2da760db26d3c389ef1b4&pid=1-s2.0-S0038080624000258-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140163526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elastic wave velocities during triaxial shearing influenced by particle morphology","authors":"Yang Li ,&nbsp;Masahide Otsubo ,&nbsp;Reiko Kuwano","doi":"10.1016/j.sandf.2024.101443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2024.101443","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This contribution investigates the characteristics of elastic wave velocities (<em>V_p</em> and <em>V_s</em>) during triaxial shearing tests under dry and drained conditions. Samples of tested materials with different particle morphologies (i.e., particle shape and surface roughness) were prepared under three strategies, namely, similar initial void ratios (<em>e</em>_<em>0</em>), relative densities (<em>D_r</em>_<em>0</em>), and side tapping numbers (<em>N_t</em>). Regarding the elastic wave velocities as functions of <em>e</em>_<em>0</em> and confinement <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>σ</mi></mrow><mo>′</mo></msup></math></span> at very small strain ranges, i.e., <span><math><mrow><mi>V</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>a</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>-</mo><msub><mi>e</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow><msup><mrow><mo>(</mo><mfrac><msup><mrow><mi>σ</mi></mrow><mo>′</mo></msup><mrow><mn>1</mn><mi>k</mi><mi>P</mi><mi>a</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>)</mo></mrow><mi>b</mi></msup></mrow></math></span>, <em>a</em> was seen to increase for more angular materials or smoother surfaces, while <em>b</em> and <em>B</em> were seen to decrease as the particles became more angular or the surfaces became smoother. During triaxial shearing, <em>V_p</em> increased initially and then tended to decrease more gently, whereas <em>V_s</em> increased initially and then showed a marked decrease before convergence upon shearing regardless of the <em>e</em>_<em>0</em> for the given material. The influence of particle morphology on the absolute values for <em>V_p</em> and <em>V_s</em> was found to be complex during shearing, whereas the wave ratio (<em>V_p/V_s</em>) was consistently greater under rougher conditions for the same shape. Importantly, the wave ratio (<em>V_p/V_s</em>) was found to correlate well with the particle morphology: more angular materials and rougher surfaces exhibited a greater <em>V_p/V_s</em> ratio normalized by the stress and density conditions for each material, which further indicates a higher degree of fabric anisotropy with reference to the microscopic evidence in the literature.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21857,"journal":{"name":"Soils and Foundations","volume":"64 2","pages":"Article 101443"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0038080624000210/pdfft?md5=3d50a6130851f25ccbe58016a4340c32&pid=1-s2.0-S0038080624000210-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140122955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liquefaction characteristics of sand-gravel mixtures: Experimental observations and its assessment based on intergranular state concept","authors":"Abilash Pokhrel ,&nbsp;Gabriele Chiaro ,&nbsp;Takashi Kiyota ,&nbsp;Misko Cubrinovski","doi":"10.1016/j.sandf.2024.101444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2024.101444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Case histories from at least 28 earthquakes worldwide have indicated that liquefaction can occur in gravelly soils (both in natural deposits and manmade reclamations), inducing large ground deformation and causing severe damage to civil infrastructures. However, the evaluation of the liquefaction potential and cyclic strain accumulation characteristics of gravelly soils remains a major challenge in geotechnical earthquake engineering. To provide new and useful insights into this crucial topic, stress-controlled undrained cyclic triaxial tests were conducted on sand-gravel mixtures (SGM) having sand-dominated microstructure but different packing states (i.e., soil grain arrangement), which were obtained by varying the gravel content (<em>G</em>_C) and relative density (<em>D</em>_r). The experimental results confirmed that both the <em>G</em>_C and <em>D</em>_r have marginal (at low <em>G</em>_C and <em>D</em>_r) to significant (at high <em>G</em>_C and <em>D</em>_r) effects on the cyclic resistance ratio (<em>CRR</em>) of SGM, but highlighted the need to consider <em>G</em>_C and <em>D</em>_r effects together. In this regard, the use of state parameters, such as the equivalent void ratio (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>e</mi><mrow><mi>f</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>e</mi><mi>q</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>) and equivalent relative density (<em>D</em>_r <em>_f</em>_(eq)), were found to be suitable approaches to describe the combined effect of <em>G</em>_C and <em>D</em>_r on <em>CRR</em> as they provide unique correlations for sand-dominated SGM irrespective of their packing states.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21857,"journal":{"name":"Soils and Foundations","volume":"64 2","pages":"Article 101444"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0038080624000222/pdfft?md5=b63a0242208d388a7652653c7a5c5942&pid=1-s2.0-S0038080624000222-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140031381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seepage analysis model based on field measurement data for estimation of posterior parameter distribution using merging particle filter","authors":"Shinichi Ito ,&nbsp;Kazuhiro Oda ,&nbsp;Keigo Koizumi","doi":"10.1016/j.sandf.2024.101442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2024.101442","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Soil water conditions should be adequately evaluated because they influence the occurrence of surface failures. Digital twin systems, connecting field measurement data with numerical simulations, must be created to enable early warnings to be issued before a surface failure occurs. This study discusses the applicability of the merging particle filter (MPF) method for estimating the posterior distribution of seepage analysis models based on the volumetric water content field measurement data from two case studies. The first case study estimated the posterior distribution of parameters for unsaturated soil hydraulic properties based on data obtained from three slopes of different soil types (decomposed granite, weathered mudstone, and pyroclastic flow deposits). The simulation results agreed well with the raw data, where only precipitation data were input into the estimated seepage analysis model. The second case study estimated and discussed the applicability of a seepage analysis model using parameters for the unsaturated soil hydraulic properties and drainage boundary conditions. The simulated results reproduced the field measurement data with sufficient accuracy to attain the groundwater behavior. Therefore, based on field measurement data, the MPF can estimate the posterior distribution of parameters for the seepage analysis model, considering the inhomogeneity and uncertainty of in-situ soil.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21857,"journal":{"name":"Soils and Foundations","volume":"64 2","pages":"Article 101442"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0038080624000209/pdfft?md5=d56e82c4e933b9b30b3d78b7877e370c&pid=1-s2.0-S0038080624000209-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139993249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}