Soils and Foundations最新文献

{"title":"Shear wave velocity based prediction of CaCO3 content and UCS in MICP-treated soils with different particle sizes","authors":"Yuhang Zeng ,&nbsp;Hui Xu ,&nbsp;Yubin Zheng ,&nbsp;Hao Zheng ,&nbsp;Ping Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.sandf.2025.101700","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sandf.2025.101700","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As an emerging soil reinforcement technology, microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) requires in-situ testing to assess its field performance. Shear wave velocity (<em>V</em>_s) is a viable in-situ method. However, a clear predictive model linking its variations with the CaCO₃ content (<em>C</em>_m) and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of MICP-treated soil—considering particle size as a variable—remains to be established, constraining broader applications of this approach. This study conducts MICP treatment tests on mixtures of excavated soil (silty sand) and surplus sludge (elastic silt), using the mean particle size (<em>d</em>₅₀) as the indicator of particle size. In addition, by varying the sludge proportion (<em>P</em>_s), the impact of particle size on the <em>V</em>_s, <em>C</em>_m, and UCS is examined. During the MICP process, an increase in <em>P</em>_s reduces the increase rate of <em>C</em>_m and <em>V</em>_s. Moreover, <em>V</em>_s stabilizes about 10 h earlier than <em>C</em>_m at a given <em>P</em>_s. This is probably attributed to a shift in CaCO₃ precipitation modes from significant strength/stiffness enhancement for soil mixtures to minor contribution. After MICP treatment, <em>V</em>_s, <em>C</em>_m, and UCS decrease linearly with increasing <em>P</em>_s. Following this, <em>V</em>_s-based prediction models for <em>C</em>_m and UCS are respectively developed by considering the particle size. The prediction models are proven to accurately forecast <em>C</em>_m and UCS in MICP-treated soils with different <em>d</em>₅₀ values. This advancement enhances in-situ monitoring techniques that employ <em>V</em>_s to evaluate MICP cementation effectiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21857,"journal":{"name":"Soils and Foundations","volume":"65 6","pages":"Article 101700"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145222702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geostatistical-learning-based site-optimum 3D integration of borehole logs and geophysical data in urban area in South Korea","authors":"Joung-Woo Han ,&nbsp;Mingi Kim ,&nbsp;Han-Saem Kim ,&nbsp;Taek-Kyu Chung ,&nbsp;Choong-Ki Chung","doi":"10.1016/j.sandf.2025.101684","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sandf.2025.101684","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Success in civil engineering projects fundamentally depends on thoroughly understanding the site-specific subsurface characteristics. Site investigation, a critical process in the early stages of construction and design, serves as the foundation for ensuring the safety and efficiency of structural development and safeguards against potential disasters. However, owing to financial and time constraints, the number of site investigations is often limited, making spatial uncertainty one of the most significant challenges in geotechnical engineering. Geostatistics-based spatial interpolation techniques are widely used to overcome the limitations of spatial variability and information scarcity in geotechnical engineering. Reliable geospatial analysis is essential for identifying site-specific subsurface stratification information. In this study, site investigation data were collected at a subway construction site at which subsidence occurred during tunnel excavation. Borehole data were optimized using outlier removal to maximize reliability, and geophysical data were digitized to create a 3D integrated database with borehole data. Considering the subsurface characteristics, the optimal stratigraphic boundary elevations were determined using seismic wave velocities values, which clarified the optimized stratigraphic boundaries. Using kriging and simulation-based integrated analysis techniques, the subsurface stratigraphic information was predicted in 3D, and the cross-sectional and longitudinal geotechnical profiles confirmed that the layers with the least deviation effectively reflect the actual strata, which is consistent with the evaluation results, through a learning process that seeks the optimal method and parameters that produce the least prediction residuals. This approach highlights the importance of integrating advanced geostatistical-learning-based integration and geotechnical engineering practices to improve the accuracy and reliability of subsurface evaluations, thereby ensuring safer and more efficient construction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21857,"journal":{"name":"Soils and Foundations","volume":"65 6","pages":"Article 101684"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145222776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced microstructural analysis of black cotton soil stabilized through rice husk ash integration","authors":"Ankur Abhishek ,&nbsp;Anasua GuhaRay ,&nbsp;Toshiro Hata","doi":"10.1016/j.sandf.2025.101698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sandf.2025.101698","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Black cotton soil (BCS) poses significant complexities in geotechnical applications due to its swelling and shrinkage behavior. It causes significant economic losses globally due to reconstruction and rehabilitation efforts. Reliable soil reinforcement techniques are, therefore, essential to mitigate the deleterious effects of expansive BCS and to ensure the long-term stability of the structures built upon them. The present study explores the application of rice husk ash (RHA) to BCS using nitrogen (N₂) gas adsorption techniques such as Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Langmuir, and adsorption isotherm analyses. These techniques are based on the principle that N₂ gas is adsorbed onto the reactive surface sites. The surface of BCS is considered reactive due to its high clay content and the presence of montmorillonite. With the addition of RHA, pozzolanic reactions progress, leading to the development of cementitious phases such as calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H), which gradually fill these reactive surface sites, leading to a decrease in the material’s gas adsorption capacity. This reduction in N₂ gas adsorption provides a measurable indication of pozzolanic activity, allowing for a more detailed microstructural assessment of stabilized soil systems. A sharp reduction in N₂ gas adsorption was observed in BET, Langmuir, and adsorption isotherm analyses at 6 % RHA content, conducted on 28-day cured Unconfined compressive strength (UCS)-tested samples. BET results showed a reduction in adsorption from 0.0635 mg/g for untreated BCS to 0.0385 mg/g at 6 % RHA concentration. This 6 % RHA content also corresponds with peak mechanical performance observed in UCS, California bearing ratio (CBR), indirect tensile strength (ITS), and cone penetration test (CPT), highlighting a strong correlation between microstructural improvement and engineering behavior. The UCS of untreated BCS (183 kPa) increased to a maximum of 819 kPa after 7 days and 1370 kPa after 28 days of curing, confirming 6 % RHA as the optimum dosage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21857,"journal":{"name":"Soils and Foundations","volume":"65 6","pages":"Article 101698"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145222774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic analysis of wave propagation due to pile installation using numerical simulations","authors":"Maliha Tasnim Tilat,&nbsp;Sascha Henke","doi":"10.1016/j.sandf.2025.101699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sandf.2025.101699","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper discusses the results of a preliminary study of numerical simulations investigating wave propagation during the installation of in-situ driven concrete piles (type Franki pile). Franki piles are cast-in-situ piles that are installed by driving a steel casing into the ground using heavy ramming of a cylindrical hammer. It is a dynamic pile installation process where the hammer directly transfers the dynamic forces to the soil within the installation tube causing high wave propagation through the soil. When installed in groups, the vibrations caused by the driving process of one pile may result in damages to the early-age concrete of adjacent piles. The dynamic response of a pile during driving is very complex, involving the interactions of hammer, pile, and soil during the impact. Such complex soil-structure interaction problems can be represented numerically by modeling the pile installation process using realistic parameters (ground conditions, ramming energy etc.). As a preliminary study, a single pile installation is simulated using the FEM software Abaqus. The simulation is based on a Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) approach where the soil is modeled using the hypoplastic constitutive model. The aim is to investigate parts of the installation process regarding the effect of discrete hammer drops. Within the CEL method, the pile hammer is modeled as a Lagrangian part, while the soil is treated as a Eulerian part. As a result of the simulations, a realistic amplitude pattern can be observed. This study serves as the basis for the subsequent phase, wherein a newly installed neighboring pile is introduced alongside the pre-existing pile. In this context, the influence of the adjacent pile on the wave propagation due to the neighboring pile is evaluated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21857,"journal":{"name":"Soils and Foundations","volume":"65 6","pages":"Article 101699"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145222775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation on the lateral performance of new piles in sand sites containing existing piles and shallow cement-treated backfill","authors":"Hongjiang Li ,&nbsp;Tianyuan Wu ,&nbsp;Songyu Liu ,&nbsp;Liyuan Tong ,&nbsp;Shuji Tamura ,&nbsp;Wenyuan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.sandf.2025.101686","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sandf.2025.101686","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Piles are extensively utilized as the foundation to support buildings, bridges, and other superstructures subjected to lateral loads. The lateral load-bearing performance of newly installed piles in sites with existing piles is inevitably influenced by the presence of existing piles due to the interactions between the new pile, soil, and existing piles. Conversely, the lateral capacity of new piles can be significantly enhanced by effectively regulating these interactions. This study quantified the effect of shallow cement improvement on laterally loaded new piles in sand sites containing existing piles and shallow cement-treated backfill for different variables. A numerical model of new pile-soil-existing pile interactions under lateral loads was initially validated against 40 g centrifuge tests in density sand. Subsequent analyses incorporating shallow cement-treated backfill explored the lateral bearing mechanism of new piles and the corresponding response of existing piles. The findings indicate that cement-treated backfill can substantially enhance the lateral capacity of new piles for ultimate limit state (ULS) design limit by two times, compared with the condition without cement-treated backfill. With the increase of the depth of the new pile embedded in the cap, the thickness and modulus of the cement-treated backfill, the lateral capacity of the new pile increases. However, the depth of the existing pile embedded in the backfill has a limited influence on new pile capacity. Finally, a practical method for assessing lateral new pile capacities in sand sites containing existing piles and shallow cement-treated backfill was developed, demonstrating considerable advantages in designing laterally loaded new piles considering shallow cement improvement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21857,"journal":{"name":"Soils and Foundations","volume":"65 6","pages":"Article 101686"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145108725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upcycling rice husk biowaste to improve cement-based peat soil stabilization","authors":"Zhiliang Wang ,&nbsp;Jiangpeng Cai ,&nbsp;Miao Li ,&nbsp;Linfang Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.sandf.2025.101685","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sandf.2025.101685","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional stabilizers, such as kaolin and sodium bentonite, introduce complications when applied to cement-based peat soil stabilization. This study explores biowaste stabilizers – rice husk ash (RHA) as a pozzolan material and rice husk fiber (RHF) as reinforcing – as a sustainable and practical alternative. A three-stage experimental strategy was designed to identify the optimal stabilization method. Stage 1 determined the ideal RHA particle size and content without RHF. Stage 2 incorporated RHF to assess its best pretreatment method and optimal dosage; Stage 3 investigated the stabilization mechanisms. A series of physical and mechanical experiments confirmed that RHA and RHF improved cement-based peat soil stabilization. RHA played a primary role as a pozzolanic material, while RHF is secondary as reinforcement. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) increased by 146.6 % with RHA alone and by 202.1 % with both RHA and RHF compared to cement only. This is achieved by using fine RHA particles and Ca(OH)₂-treated RHF. The content for both RHA and RHF is critical, especially noting that the optimal content of RHA varies as the cement content varies. Microscopic analysis confirmed that RHA enhanced pozzolanic reaction, producing more cementitious products (C-S-H) that filled pores and bonded soil particles. Additionally, a significant quantity of cementitious products formed on the coarse surface of pre-treated RHF, reinforcing soil-fiber bonding. Stabilizing 1 m³ of peat soil by upcycling biowaste reduces carbon emissions by 61.9 % and costs by 25.8 % compared to using cement only. This study demonstrates that upcycling biowaste provides an effective, sustainable, economical, and easy-to-implement solution for improving cement-based peat soil stabilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21857,"journal":{"name":"Soils and Foundations","volume":"65 6","pages":"Article 101685"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145108726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triaxial mechanical properties and microstructure of Tianjin clay stabilized with fly ash-based geopolymer","authors":"Rui Jia ,&nbsp;Zhenxing Chu","doi":"10.1016/j.sandf.2025.101687","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sandf.2025.101687","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The triaxial mechanical properties and microscopic mechanisms of fly ash-based geopolymer-stabilized Tianjin clays with different fly ash (FA) contents, alkaline activator (AA) contents, curing times and confining pressures were investigated via triaxial and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests. Based on the triaxial test results, compared with the unstabilized clay, the stabilized clay exhibited a steeper stress–strain curve, a greater peak strength and pronounced strain softening behavior. A significant increase in cohesion (from 4.18 kPa to 64.5 kPa) and a slight reduction in the internal friction angle (from 30.3° to 28.6°) occurred after geopolymer stabilization. The stiffness, peak strength and residual strength of stabilized clay generally increased with increasing FA content, AA content, curing time and confining pressure. An FA/clay ratio greater than 0.1 and an AA/FA ratio greater than 0.6 were needed to achieve high strength at ambient temperature. The stabilized clay exhibited a significant strength improvement after 28 d and had a relatively high long-term strength. SEM results revealed that the chemical reactions between FA and AA led to the formation of sodium aluminosilicate hydrate (N-A-S-H) gel, which strengthened the bonds, filled the voids and reduced the porosity of the clay. As a result, the overall stiffness and strength of the stabilized clay improved. SEM analysis revealed that with a higher FA/clay ratio, a higher AA/FA ratio or a longer curing time, the geopolymerization process was more pronounced, leading to increased formation of the N-A-S-H gel and resulting in a more densely stacked and stronger bonded structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21857,"journal":{"name":"Soils and Foundations","volume":"65 6","pages":"Article 101687"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145108723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Slaking mechanisms of a mudstone and prediction of its number-size distribution considering shape evolution","authors":"Danxi Sun ,&nbsp;Hailong Wang ,&nbsp;Hideo Komine ,&nbsp;Guojun Cai ,&nbsp;Gaofeng Pan ,&nbsp;Daichi Ito","doi":"10.1016/j.sandf.2025.101682","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sandf.2025.101682","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The wide distribution of mudstone poses challenges to efficient construction and safe long-term maintenance of infrastructure, primarily due to its susceptibility to slaking. To explore the slaking mechanisms, cyclic wetting–drying slaking tests under both atmospheric and vacuum conditions were conducted on natural mudstone collected from Akita Prefecture, Japan. A multi-view approach was employed to capture the evolution of three-dimensional particle shape, enabling quantitative analysis of slaking mechanisms and the development of number-size and surface area-size distribution models that account for shape effects. The results indicate that the atmospheric slaking proceeds more rapidly than vacuum slaking tests, attributed to the elimination of the air-breakage phenomenon. Shape evolution analysis reveals that the shell-like medium-sized particles possess higher specific surface areas, resulting from the typical layered slaking phenomenon observed during slaking. These layered fragments are attributed to differential swelling, driven by non-uniform moisture distribution in the specimens. The contribution of this mechanism is validated and quantitatively assessed through a comparative analysis of particle shape compositions across different slaking conditions. Finally, particle shape evolution is integrated into predictive models for number-size and surface area-size distributions. The performance of these models is verified against experimental measurements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21857,"journal":{"name":"Soils and Foundations","volume":"65 5","pages":"Article 101682"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145003912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laboratory experiments on small-scale freezing sampling method for sand","authors":"Pei-Chen Hsieh ,&nbsp;Takashi Kiyota ,&nbsp;Toshihiko Katagiri ,&nbsp;Masataka Shiga ,&nbsp;Manabu Takemasa ,&nbsp;Ryohei Kobayashi","doi":"10.1016/j.sandf.2025.101657","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sandf.2025.101657","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The need to collect high-quality undisturbed samples to accurately determine in-situ liquefaction resistance of sandy soils in laboratory tests is widely recognized. Decades ago, the freezing sampling method was developed to minimize sample disturbance by pre-freezing the ground. However, due to the large scale and high cost of the work, this method is rarely used in common geotechnical surveys. To address this issue, a small-scale freezing sampling method has recently been developed. It reduces the sampling time and amount of required coolant, and can be applied to conventional borehole surveys. On the other hand, the quality of the samples collected by this new method has not been properly assessed. In this study, therefore, the appropriate conditions for inserting the freezing tube with the help of a cylindrical sand column were discussed, and the small-scale freezing sampling method was successfully implemented in a calibration chamber, whereby hollow cylindrical frozen samples with an outer diameter of 100 mm were collected within approximately 40 min and using only about 70 kg of liquid nitrogen. The focus of the quality assessments of the collected frozen samples was placed on the density and shear wave velocity measurements. The results showed that the changes in the small strain shear moduli were −0.5 % between the stages before and after the sampling, suggesting that the implementation of small-scale freezing sampling can be expected to improve the accuracy of in-situ liquefaction resistance estimates and, in turn, the accuracy of liquefaction assessments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21857,"journal":{"name":"Soils and Foundations","volume":"65 5","pages":"Article 101657"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144996823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the hydraulic characteristics of natural levees by field surveys: Case study of the Kokai River, Japan","authors":"Wenyue Zhang ,&nbsp;Mai Tabuchi ,&nbsp;Tomotaka Yoshikawa ,&nbsp;Akihiro Takahashi","doi":"10.1016/j.sandf.2025.101679","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sandf.2025.101679","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As compensation for the limited experimental data from the borehole logs, geological knowledge is expected to contribute to better risk assessment of the river levee system. Although natural levees have long been recognized as related to the underseepage risk of river levees, limited quantitative knowledge of hydraulic characteristics is available. Field surveys are conducted at a site along the Kokai River in Japan to reveal the hydraulic characteristics of natural levee sediments. Sounding tests allow us to capture laminar structures in the natural levee sediments. Through in-situ seepage tests, it is found that the silty materials in the natural levee sediments have hydraulic conductivity in the order of around E-06 m/s. Based on the results from the field surveys, numerical spatial hydraulic conductivity models of natural levees are built by applying geostatistical methods, including indicator Kriging and indicator simulations. The methodology in this study shows a possibility of quantifying geological knowledge, which finally contributes to the quantitative risk assessment against underseepage and internal erosion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21857,"journal":{"name":"Soils and Foundations","volume":"65 5","pages":"Article 101679"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144933048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}