Soils and Foundations最新文献

{"title":"Monitoring of supporting soil during construction of 330-m supertall building on spread foundation in Tokyo","authors":"Youhao Zhou ,&nbsp;Takatoshi Kiriyama ,&nbsp;Yoshiharu Asaka","doi":"10.1016/j.sandf.2026.101746","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sandf.2026.101746","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Mori JP Tower is a newly constructed 330-m supertall building located in Tokyo, Japan. As the tallest building in Japan, as of 2025, it is directly supported by the Kazusa Group, which is a Pleistocene stratum with a shear wave velocity of more than 400 m/s via a spread foundation. The building was constructed using a combination of the bottom-up and top-down methods. Owing to the unprecedented scale of buildings in Japan and the complexity of the construction process, the supporting soil may exhibit complex behaviors that are difficult to predict accurately. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor the movement of the supporting soil to ensure construction quality. This paper reports on the monitoring methods, vertical displacement, and changes in stiffness of the supporting soil during the construction process. The following results were obtained: (1) The supporting soil at the center of the tower showed a rebound of 35 mm by the end of the excavation and then settled 42 mm by the end of the construction. (2) The vertical displacement of the supporting soil was affected by changes in the groundwater level. (3) The shear wave velocity of the supporting soil showed a confining-pressure dependency, particularly in the sandy sand–clay mixture strata. (4) The rebound and settlement during the construction, as well as the confining-pressure dependency of the soil, were generally in line with previous reports.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21857,"journal":{"name":"Soils and Foundations","volume":"66 2","pages":"Article 101746"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinematic response of end-bearing piles in nonhomogeneous unsaturated soils subjected to seismic P-waves","authors":"Wenjie Ma ,&nbsp;Koichi Isobe ,&nbsp;Eng-Choon Leong ,&nbsp;Bolin Wang ,&nbsp;Xu Wang ,&nbsp;Changdan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.sandf.2026.101752","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sandf.2026.101752","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes an analytical model to investigate the kinematic response of end-bearing piles in nonhomogeneous unsaturated soils subjected to vertically propagating seismic P-waves. The soil profile exhibits continuous heterogeneity characterized by power-law variations in Lamé constants, density, porosity, and bulk modulus of three-phase along the pile shaft, while the pile is modeled as a standard beam with fixed-base boundary conditions. Governing equations for the coupled soil-pile system are derived employing the three-phase poroelastic theory within a continuum mechanics framework. The mathematical formulation utilizes Laplace transforms combined with operator decomposition techniques to decouple wave propagation equations, with potential functions employed to address compressional wave interactions. Frequency-domain solutions are obtained through rigorous enforcement of displacement-stress continuity conditions at the pile-soil interface and predefined boundary constraints under P-wave excitation. Validation through degenerate case comparisons demonstrates consistency with classical solutions for homogeneous saturated and single phase soils profiles. Parametric analyses systematically explore how gradient variation patterns, soil saturation, air-entry value, pile slenderness ratios, and pile-soil modulus ratios on seismic response characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21857,"journal":{"name":"Soils and Foundations","volume":"66 2","pages":"Article 101752"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the vertical bearing characteristics and influencing factors of threaded piles","authors":"Lina Xu ,&nbsp;Peng Zhang ,&nbsp;Chenhui Qi ,&nbsp;Lei Niu ,&nbsp;Junjie Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.sandf.2026.101731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sandf.2026.101731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the mechanism by which thread height affects the load-bearing performance of threaded piles, as this is a critical factor influencing their vertical bearing capacity. Laboratory half-pile model tests combined with Digital Image Correlation (DIC) were used for this investigation. Concurrently, numerical simulation analysis was used to systematically examine the influence of thread height, thread pitch, thread shape and thread thickness on the load-bearing capacity of threaded piles. The findings suggest that the threaded parameters primarily influences the bearing capacity of individual threaded piles by increasing the contact area between the pile and the soil and enhancing the mechanical interlocking effects, compared to straight piles. As thread height increases, the pile’s bearing capacity increases, though at a gradually diminishing rate. Concurrently, the pile body’s material utilisation rate reaches a peak, with optimal performance observed when the thread height is between 8 and 10 mm. When the pitch ratio (i.e. the ratio of thread pitch to main pile diameter) is 1.0, the threaded pile demonstrates superior bearing capacity. In terms of thread geometry, trapezoidal threads correspond to the highest ultimate bearing capacity. Furthermore, under identical settlement values for threaded piles, trapezoidal threads maximise material utilisation efficiency. Additionally, thread thickness has a relatively minor influence on pile bearing performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21857,"journal":{"name":"Soils and Foundations","volume":"66 2","pages":"Article 101731"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing the shearing strength of compacted Qiantang River silty clay from a state-dependent perspective","authors":"Xiao Wei ,&nbsp;Hongliang Liu ,&nbsp;Lisha Zhang ,&nbsp;Kaiyuan Han ,&nbsp;Xin Liu ,&nbsp;Zhongxuan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.sandf.2025.101727","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sandf.2025.101727","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Compacted clay is widely used in geotechnical projects involving road embankment, subgrades, backfillings, etc. The shearing strength of saturated compacted clay is an important parameter in the analysis of the stability of these structures, and it is affected by states of soil, fabric, stress history, etc., making the characterization of the shearing strength remain difficult. This study investigated the shearing behaviors and shearing strength of a saturated and compacted Qiantang River silty clay using undrained triaxial compression tests. The specimens were compacted to different void ratios and saturated, followed by consolidation to different effective confining pressures for triaxial compression. The shearing behaviors are found to be state-dependent, namely, dependent on the void ratio and effective confining pressure before shearing. Several characteristic states, such as the undrained instability state, quasi-steady state, phase transformations state, and critical state, have been identified for each specimen. The deviatoric stresses at these states were characterized in the framework of critical state soil mechanics. The state parameter can be used to characterize the state-dependent shearing strength, while a modified state pressure index was proposed and found to be a better state variable for characterizing the state-dependent shearing strength of the compacted clay.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21857,"journal":{"name":"Soils and Foundations","volume":"66 2","pages":"Article 101727"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145941342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced diesel removal from contaminated soil: A coupled approach of negative-pressure extraction and subzero-temperature-induced migration","authors":"Liyu Yi ,&nbsp;Jielong Rao ,&nbsp;Yong Wan ,&nbsp;Yaoqiang Chen ,&nbsp;Zhixiang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.sandf.2026.101742","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sandf.2026.101742","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To reduce the energy demand of conventional high-temperature thermal desorption and related technologies for remediating organic-contaminated soils, and to elucidate the evolution of liquid-phase contaminants in soils subjected to coupled temperature–pressure fields, this study develops a remediation process that couples negative-pressure extraction with subzero-temperature-induced migration of diesel in porous media. The method exploits the depression of liquid boiling points under reduced pressure and the acceleration of fluid transport driven by temperature gradients in porous media. Saturated diesel-contaminated soils with different initial dry densities (<em>ρ</em>_d) were treated under low-temperature negative-pressure conditions, and diesel removal tests were conducted. The results show that, for all <em>ρ</em>_d considered, the removal efficiency exhibits a characteristic three-stage temporal evolution. Under subzero temperature and negative pressure, the residual diesel mass fraction in the samples stabilizes at approximately 10–12%, approaching the residual liquid content of the soil and indicating that late-stage removal is controlled by high-boiling fractions and strong sorption. Post-test energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy further confirms that the carbon content in the soil decreases from about 35% to 13%, demonstrating a substantial reduction in organic contamination. Overall, the proposed approach achieves stepwise, high-efficiency removal of high-boiling organic pollutants at moderate to low energy input, and provides quantitative criteria for the scale-up design and energy optimization of subzero negative-pressure remediation processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21857,"journal":{"name":"Soils and Foundations","volume":"66 2","pages":"Article 101742"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel settlement calculation method and engineering application of strength composite piles","authors":"Heng Liu,&nbsp;Peng Xi,&nbsp;Xihao Yan,&nbsp;Zhengwei Wang,&nbsp;Mingjie Xu,&nbsp;Lei Guo,&nbsp;Ning Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.sandf.2026.101749","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sandf.2026.101749","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a novel type of pile foundation structure, the strength composite (SC) piles lack a settlement calculation method that accurately reflects the stress diffusion state within the composite soil mass. In this study, based on the multilayer theory, a settlement calculation formula for strength composite (SC) piles is proposed for homogeneous foundations, which accounts for the evolution of the plastic zone in the surrounding soil. This method is then extended to the settlement calculation of SC piles in layered foundations encountered in practical engineering. A corresponding calculation program is also developed. Through comparison with static load tests, recommendations are provided for the form of the soil modulus distribution around the pile and the value of the soil disturbance radius. Finally, the proposed method is applied to case studies of typical engineering sites. The results show that the calculated values agree well with the measured values in both trend and magnitude, reflecting the nonlinear bearing characteristics of the SC pile. The proposed method demonstrates broad applicability and satisfactory engineering accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21857,"journal":{"name":"Soils and Foundations","volume":"66 2","pages":"Article 101749"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macroscale and microscale triaxial compressive behaviors of loose saturated sand under excess pore water pressure generation","authors":"Ryunosuke Kido ,&nbsp;Yuya Ohtani ,&nbsp;Yosuke Higo","doi":"10.1016/j.sandf.2025.101725","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sandf.2025.101725","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Investigating the triaxial compressive behavior of loose saturated sand under excess pore water pressure generation, based on both macroscale and microscale observations, contributes to a better understanding of the instability mechanisms associated with the non-localized failure mode. In this study, the original intention was to conduct undrained triaxial tests on dense and loose saturated sands. However, due to the unavoidable limitations associated with X-ray CT imaging, the tests were consequently conducted under a partially drained condition. Nevertheless, the use of X-ray CT imaging, combined with image analyses, revealed clear differences in both the macroscopic responses and microscale structural evolution between dense and loose saturated sands that exhibit localized and non-localized failure modes. The loose sand examined in the present study showed a gradual increase in deviator stress until the end of shearing. During this process, the local void ratio gently decreased and the number of particle contacts gently increased due to compression. The particle-contact orientation did not change significantly from the initial state to the end of shearing. Shear strain was found to be relatively uniformly distributed over a wide region in the loose sand specimens. It is likely that these deformation characteristics of loose sand correspond to positive second-order work, indicating the stable state of the material. This behavior was clearly different from that of the dense sand specimens, for which significant dilation, a decrease in the number of particle contacts, and a change in the particle-contact orientation that occurred, were associated with a localized failure mode characterized by negative second-order work.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21857,"journal":{"name":"Soils and Foundations","volume":"66 2","pages":"Article 101725"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the liquefaction resistance and initial shear modulus of silty sands from equivalent intergranular void ratio concept","authors":"F. Shi ,&nbsp;H. Kaneko ,&nbsp;M. Maeda ,&nbsp;T. Ishimaru ,&nbsp;Y. Tsukamoto","doi":"10.1016/j.sandf.2025.101726","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sandf.2025.101726","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multiple series of laboratory undrained cyclic triaxial tests and bender element tests are conducted to obtain pairing data for <em>R</em>_l and <em>G</em>_o for laboratory reconstituted samples of silty sands. Several categories of silty sands in a ‘fines in sand’ matrix are prepared using coarse, medium, and fine sands as the host sands and non-plastic fines with different fines contents of <em>F</em>_c = 0–30% as the guest silt. The concept of the equivalent intergranular void ratio is that it is used to deduce the <em>b</em>-values for <em>R</em>_l and <em>G</em>_o. Instead of applying the empirical expression, as employed in past studies, the <em>b</em>-values are determined by directly fitting the silty sand data to the corresponding backbone clean sand relation. The fictitious active fines content, defined as <em>F</em>_c* = <em>bF</em>_c, is then introduced, which bears a good physical meaning for mechanical interpretations of the test results. <em>F</em>_c* tends to increase rapidly as <em>F</em>_c increases, following the empirical expression of <em>F</em>_c* = <em>μF</em>_c². The corresponding values for <em>F</em>_c.l* and <em>F</em>_c.s* for large-strain <em>R</em>_l and small-strain <em>G</em>_o, respectively, are directly compared. It is found that they take different values, and that the ratio of <em>F</em>_c.l*/<em>F</em>_c.s* is dependent on the size disparity ratio for <em>χ</em> and <em>F</em>_c. The implications of this experimental finding are discussed with respect to the micromechanical modelling of the silty sand behaviour. The differences in the values for <em>F</em>_c.l* and <em>F</em>_c.s* are found to lead to multiple series of cyclic resistance ratio CRR and shear wave velocity <em>V</em>_s relations for silty sands with different <em>F</em>_c, which are comparable to the empirical relations given in past studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21857,"journal":{"name":"Soils and Foundations","volume":"66 2","pages":"Article 101726"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical insight into twin tunnelling-induced soil-structure interaction in battered pile-supported systems under lateral loading","authors":"Mukhtiar Ali Soomro,&nbsp;Sharafat Ali Darban","doi":"10.1016/j.sandf.2026.101747","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sandf.2026.101747","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With rapid increasing urbanization, the construction of twin tunnels adjacent to existing foundations has become common in underground development projects. This study investigates the influence of twin parallel tunnelling on elevated battered pile group and battered piled raft subjected to lateral loading in soft clay. A series of three-dimensional coupled consolidation finite element analyses, incorporating an advanced hypoplastic clay model with small-strain stiffness are carried out. The model parameters are validated using centrifuge test data to ensure realistic simulation of tunnelling-induced ground deformations. Twin tunnels are positioned at varying depths relative to the battered piled foundation: neat the shaft, near the toe, and below the toe of the piles. Results reveal that the largest lateral displacements and differential settlements occur when tunnelling is near the pile toe. The second tunnel further increases movement toward the first tunnel due to degraded ground stiffness. Compared to elevated battered pile groups, battered piled rafts exhibit significantly reduced lateral displacements, deflections, and settlements because of additional resistance from raft-soil interaction. Twin tunnelling in each case also alters axial load distribution. Twin tunnelling near pile shaft caused reduction of 61% in shaft resistance whereas 20% of end-bearing decreased in twin tunnelling near pile toe. The maximum bending moments were induced near the pile head in battered elevated pile group but are smaller in piled rafts (up to 30% reduction) in each case.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21857,"journal":{"name":"Soils and Foundations","volume":"66 2","pages":"Article 101747"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyacrylamide improves the strength of peat soil while reducing cement consumption: An experimental and machine learning investigation","authors":"Yangshou Yu ,&nbsp;Zhiliang Wang ,&nbsp;Miao Li ,&nbsp;Lei Lang ,&nbsp;Linfang Shen ,&nbsp;Yang Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.sandf.2026.101745","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sandf.2026.101745","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Peat soil presents poor geotechnical properties, posing significant risks to structural stability when used as a foundation material. This study investigates the potential of polyacrylamide (PAM) as an adhesive additive to enhance the strength of peat soil stabilized with cement and sand. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests were conducted to evaluate PAM’s effectiveness, complemented by microscopic analyses to explore underlying improvement mechanisms. Results show that PAM significantly increases soil strength, with higher PAM content yielding greater gains. Specifically, adding 10 % PAM boosts the UCS of untreated peat soil by up to 2.5 times and improves the strength of peat soil treated with 30 % cement and 30 % sand by 174.1 kPa. PAM also reduces soil permeability without exhibiting ecotoxicity. Microscopic observations reveal that PAM forms cross-linked gel networks that bind soil particles into large aggregates. 10 % PAM decreases the specific surface area, pore volume, and average pore size by 32.6 %, 42.2 %, and 21.4 %, respectively. Importantly, PAM does not alter the chemical composition of the stabilized soil and remains stable over time. Finally, a gene expression programming (GEP) algorithm was used to develop a predictive mathematical model for UCS, achieving a coefficient of determination (<em>R</em>²) above 0.97. An analysis of cement consumption using this model indicates that incorporating 10 % PAM can reduce cement consumption by 26.1 % to achieve a target strength of 300 kPa, compared with using only cement and sand. These findings demonstrate that PAM is an effective and environmentally beneficial stabilizer for peat soil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21857,"journal":{"name":"Soils and Foundations","volume":"66 2","pages":"Article 101745"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}