Seminars in Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Delayed Periocular and Anterior Segment Complications Following Locally Administered Chemotherapy for Vitreous Seeding in Retinoblastoma.","authors":"Linda A Cernichiaro-Espinosa, Benjamin A King, David Taylor Gonzalez, Cigdem Ozturk, Aleksander Kruglov, Rachel C Brennan, Ibrahim Qaddoumi, Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo, Matthew W Wilson, Mary E Hoehn","doi":"10.1080/08820538.2025.2467277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08820538.2025.2467277","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Long-term follow-up is essential for retinoblastoma survivors, as treatment-related sequelae can emerge years after therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This case series reviews 67 eyes treated with periocular and/or intravitreal chemotherapy from 2005 through 2020.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Periocular chemotherapy was associated with orbital fibrosis in 79.1% of cases, with risk increasing concomitantly with the number of injections. Cataracts developed in 19.4% of eyes, with 10 out of 13 requiring cataract extraction. Other complications included chronic conjunctivitis and limbal stem cell deficiency (3% each), while strabismus was observed in 29.9% of which 7.5% underwent strabismus surgery. Comparative analyses of periocular and anterior segment complications from other retrospective studies are included to contextualize our findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Understanding these long-term sequelae is crucial for appropriately following and managing retinoblastoma survivors who were treated during this era. We highlight the importance of vigilant surveillance as treatment protocols continue to evolve.</p>","PeriodicalId":21702,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143425935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lacrimal History - Part 37: Doyens of Dacryology Series - Lester Tallmon Jones (1895-1983).","authors":"Roger A Dailey, John L Wobig, Mohammad Javed Ali","doi":"10.1080/08820538.2025.2466276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08820538.2025.2466276","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21702,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143410452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in the Treatment of Ocular Surface Cancers: A Review.","authors":"Wendy J Li, Wisam Najdawi, Omar Badla, Anat Galor, Carol L Karp","doi":"10.1080/08820538.2025.2458658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08820538.2025.2458658","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed cancer therapy by targeting key immune pathways such as PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, and LAG-3 to enhance the immune system's ability to combat malignancies. Their use in treating ocular surface tumors is an emerging area of interest, particularly in conjunctival melanoma (CM) and ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN). Some studies have indicated the potential of ICI's in sebaceous gland carcinoma (SeC), conjunctival lymphoma, and Kaposi sarcoma.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This review aims to evaluate the role of ICIs in treating ocular surface tumors, focusing on their mechanisms of action, clinical outcomes, and therapeutic potential.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature review was conducted by searching Pubmed for studies published between January 2014 and October 2024. Studies included were original research, clinical trials, case reports and series, and reviews.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ICIs, including pembrolizumab and nivolumab, have shown promising results in CM, achieving tumor regression and disease stabilization in advanced and metastatic cases. ICIs have also demonstrated efficacy in OSSN, particularly in lesions with high tumor mutational burden, with responses ranging from partial to complete resolution. Although clinical data for SeC and conjunctival lymphoma remain limited to isolated reports, these studies suggest a role for ICIs in managing refractory or advanced disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ICIs hold transformative potential in improving outcomes for ocular surface malignancies, particularly in cases where conventional treatments fail or pose significant morbidity. Despite their promise, challenges persist, including variable response rates, immune-related adverse events, and the need for reliable predictive biomarkers. Comprehensive prospective studies are necessary to refine the application of ICIs, optimize treatment strategies, and expand therapeutic options for these challenging cancers.</p>","PeriodicalId":21702,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143383250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phacofragmentation of Posteriorly Dislocated Lens Fragments: Limbal versus Pars Plana Approach.","authors":"Muhammad M Shamim, Sam Karimaghaei, Riley Sanders, Sami H Uwaydat, Ahmed B Sallam","doi":"10.1080/08820538.2024.2376630","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08820538.2024.2376630","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess intra-operative complications and feasibility of removing crystalline lens fragments from the vitreous cavity through a limbal incision compared to a pars plana approach.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Subjects: </strong>16 eyes underwent phacofragmentation via a limbal approach (Group A) and 9 eyes through a pars plana approach (Group B) at an academic center over a 10-year period.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We collected pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative data. We compared rates of intraoperative complications, including corneal wound burn, iris or capsular damage, retinal tears, and hemorrhage, and recorded post-operative BCVA and IOP measurements at the one-month post-operative appointment. We also compared rates of post-operative complications, including corneal edema, choroidal detachment, or retinal detachment.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Primary outcomes of the study were the rates of intraoperative complications and the feasibility of crystalline lens removal with the limbal approach. We defined the latter outcome as the ability to complete lens removal without switching to the pars plana route.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean BCVA for group A was 1.6, and for group B was 2.0 (<i>p</i> = .19). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of intraoperative complications, including corneal wound burn, iris damage, anterior capsular tear, iatrogenic retinal tear, or suprachoroidal hemorrhage (<i>p</i> > .99). There was no significant difference in the incidence of intra-operative vitreous hemorrhage (<i>p</i> = .36). Additionally, there was no significant difference in post-operative corneal edema (<i>p</i> = .27), choroidal detachment (<i>p</i> = .52), or retinal detachment (<i>p</i> > .99). The mean post-operative BCVA was 1.0 in group A and 1.0 in group B (<i>p</i> = .75). We completed all cases in group A using the limbal approach without switching to the pars plana route.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Phacofragmentation through a limbal incision provides a feasible option for dropped nuclear fragment removal and is not associated with a higher risk of complications than the pars plana route.</p>","PeriodicalId":21702,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"115-119"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141564256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lacrimal History - Part VIII: Doyens of Dacryology Series - Lorenz Heister (1683-1758) and His Surgical Treatise.","authors":"Mohammad Javed Ali","doi":"10.1080/08820538.2024.2400842","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08820538.2024.2400842","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21702,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"77-81"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142294932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric Toy-Related Ocular Injuries in the United States: A National Electronic Injury Surveillance System Study.","authors":"Sruti Rachapudi, Mona Kaleem","doi":"10.1080/08820538.2024.2388622","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08820538.2024.2388622","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study is to evaluate the epidemiological trends, primary ocular diagnosis, and degree of injury severity in pediatric patients after a toy-related ocular trauma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System Study (NEISS), encompassing patients who visited emergency departments over a 5-year period from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2021, with toy-related ocular injuries. Descriptive statistics were employed using Microsoft Excel.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 1439 toy-related ocular injuries identified, the mean age of injury was 6.67 ± 4.36 years. The highest proportion of injuries occurred in the 2-5 years age group (27.2%). The NEISS database classified the severity of injury - the majority of which were minor anterior segment injuries. Toy guns with projectiles were identified as the most common type of toy associated with ocular eye injury. While most injuries were minor, a small percentage was severe.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Age-appropriate toy selection and adult supervision during playtime are recommended preventive measures to mitigate the incidence and severity of traumatic eye injuries in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":21702,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"128-131"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141894209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Readership Awareness Series - Paper 13: Key Concepts of Translational Research.","authors":"Mohammad Javed Ali, Ali Djalilian","doi":"10.1080/08820538.2024.2392358","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08820538.2024.2392358","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21702,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"107-109"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142036881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive Value of Conjunctival Cytology in Bleb-dependent Glaucoma Surgery.","authors":"María Parrilla Vallejo, Marina Soto Sierra, Juan José Ríos Martín, Manuel Pérez Pérez, Cristian Cortés Laborda, Antonio Manuel Garrido Hermosilla, Luz Valverde Cano, Enrique Rodríguez de la Rúa Franch","doi":"10.1080/08820538.2024.2391824","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08820538.2024.2391824","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Metaplasia, chronic inflammation and subconjunctival fibrosis favor failure of bleb-dependent glaucoma surgery. The aim of the study is to identify the patients at a higher risk of post-surgical failure.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Prospective, open study, performed in the Glaucoma Unit of the Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, from April to November 2021, with a minimum follow-up of one year. 38 eyes with ocular hypertension or chronic open-angle glaucoma were included. All patients underwent preoperative conjunctival sampling in the operating room, under topical or locoregional anesthesia.</p><p><strong>Parameters measured: </strong>Sex, age, and laterality; number, type and mean time of preoperative drugs use; type of surgery performed; cytology results and degree of metaplasia; percentage of patients in whom the bleb was closed. Evaluation of potential correlation between bleb closure and any of the other variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>20 women and 18 men participated, with a mean age of 67 years. The mean number of preoperative hypotensive drugs was 2.7. The mean time of use was 90,97 +/- 48,97 months. Most patients had normal cytology, 8% had inflammatory infiltrate and 21% had squamous metaplasia. When relating bleb failure and cytology, we saw that in those who failed surgery, more than half had cytological alterations. A multiple logistic regression was performed, in which we observed that there was statistically significant association (<i>p</i> = .02) between surgical closure and altered cytology.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>According to these results, preoperative conjunctival cytology can help predict those cases with a lower probability of surgical success.</p>","PeriodicalId":21702,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"132-136"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142081461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do We Need to Hold Aspirin Before Cataract Surgery? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 65,196 Subjects.","authors":"Mohamed Abo Zeid, Amr Elrosasy, Ahmad Alkheder, Hazim Alkousheh, Mohammad Al Diab Al Azzawi, Shrouk F Mohamed, Ameen Alkhateeb, Hashem Abu Serhan","doi":"10.1080/08820538.2024.2420969","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08820538.2024.2420969","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Cataract surgery is a common operation, typically carried out on older adults who have many comorbid medical conditions. Many of these patients may be undergoing aspirin therapy for diverse cardiovascular causes. Nevertheless, there is ongoing controversy regarding the administration of aspirin therapy during the perioperative period, as there are concerns regarding the risk of bleeding problems compared to thromboembolic events. Although aspirin is commonly used, there is no agreement on whether to continue or stop taking it before cataract surgery. This systematic review and meta-analysis attempt to assess the safety of continuing or discontinuing aspirin in the setting of cataract surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines. Four databases were searched until January 25, 2024, for studies assessing the safety and efficacy of aspirin continuation or discontinuation before cataract surgery. The risk ratios (RR) of the extracted data and their 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were pooled using RevMan 5.4 software. We registered our protocol in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (registration number: CRD42024529986).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included nine studies with a total of 65,196 patients comprising various study designs and global populations. The analysis revealed a significant increase in subconjunctival hemorrhage risk with aspirin continuation (RR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.22, 2.50, <i>p</i> = .002). However, the risk of hyphema, retrobulbar hemorrhage, vitreous hemorrhage, intraocular pressure spike, corneal edema, posterior capsule rupture, and visual acuity changes did not significantly differ between aspirin continuation and discontinuation or aspirin and placebo groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although the use of aspirin before cataract surgery raises the likelihood of subconjunctival bleeding, it does not increase the risk of potentially sight-threatening bleeding events. We recommend continuation of aspirin in patients undergoing cataract surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":21702,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"86-96"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142558721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frosted Branch Angiitis After COVID-19.","authors":"Kayo Sugiura, Ken Fukuda, Rika Shoji, Mayu Kadono, Kenji Yamashiro","doi":"10.1080/08820538.2024.2399117","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08820538.2024.2399117","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21702,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"146-148"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142133669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}