Seminars in Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Pediatric Toy-Related Ocular Injuries in the United States: A National Electronic Injury Surveillance System Study.","authors":"Sruti Rachapudi, Mona Kaleem","doi":"10.1080/08820538.2024.2388622","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08820538.2024.2388622","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study is to evaluate the epidemiological trends, primary ocular diagnosis, and degree of injury severity in pediatric patients after a toy-related ocular trauma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System Study (NEISS), encompassing patients who visited emergency departments over a 5-year period from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2021, with toy-related ocular injuries. Descriptive statistics were employed using Microsoft Excel.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 1439 toy-related ocular injuries identified, the mean age of injury was 6.67 ± 4.36 years. The highest proportion of injuries occurred in the 2-5 years age group (27.2%). The NEISS database classified the severity of injury - the majority of which were minor anterior segment injuries. Toy guns with projectiles were identified as the most common type of toy associated with ocular eye injury. While most injuries were minor, a small percentage was severe.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Age-appropriate toy selection and adult supervision during playtime are recommended preventive measures to mitigate the incidence and severity of traumatic eye injuries in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":21702,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"128-131"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141894209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Readership Awareness Series - Paper 13: Key Concepts of Translational Research.","authors":"Mohammad Javed Ali, Ali Djalilian","doi":"10.1080/08820538.2024.2392358","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08820538.2024.2392358","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21702,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"107-109"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142036881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive Value of Conjunctival Cytology in Bleb-dependent Glaucoma Surgery.","authors":"María Parrilla Vallejo, Marina Soto Sierra, Juan José Ríos Martín, Manuel Pérez Pérez, Cristian Cortés Laborda, Antonio Manuel Garrido Hermosilla, Luz Valverde Cano, Enrique Rodríguez de la Rúa Franch","doi":"10.1080/08820538.2024.2391824","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08820538.2024.2391824","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Metaplasia, chronic inflammation and subconjunctival fibrosis favor failure of bleb-dependent glaucoma surgery. The aim of the study is to identify the patients at a higher risk of post-surgical failure.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Prospective, open study, performed in the Glaucoma Unit of the Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, from April to November 2021, with a minimum follow-up of one year. 38 eyes with ocular hypertension or chronic open-angle glaucoma were included. All patients underwent preoperative conjunctival sampling in the operating room, under topical or locoregional anesthesia.</p><p><strong>Parameters measured: </strong>Sex, age, and laterality; number, type and mean time of preoperative drugs use; type of surgery performed; cytology results and degree of metaplasia; percentage of patients in whom the bleb was closed. Evaluation of potential correlation between bleb closure and any of the other variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>20 women and 18 men participated, with a mean age of 67 years. The mean number of preoperative hypotensive drugs was 2.7. The mean time of use was 90,97 +/- 48,97 months. Most patients had normal cytology, 8% had inflammatory infiltrate and 21% had squamous metaplasia. When relating bleb failure and cytology, we saw that in those who failed surgery, more than half had cytological alterations. A multiple logistic regression was performed, in which we observed that there was statistically significant association (<i>p</i> = .02) between surgical closure and altered cytology.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>According to these results, preoperative conjunctival cytology can help predict those cases with a lower probability of surgical success.</p>","PeriodicalId":21702,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"132-136"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142081461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do We Need to Hold Aspirin Before Cataract Surgery? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 65,196 Subjects.","authors":"Mohamed Abo Zeid, Amr Elrosasy, Ahmad Alkheder, Hazim Alkousheh, Mohammad Al Diab Al Azzawi, Shrouk F Mohamed, Ameen Alkhateeb, Hashem Abu Serhan","doi":"10.1080/08820538.2024.2420969","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08820538.2024.2420969","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Cataract surgery is a common operation, typically carried out on older adults who have many comorbid medical conditions. Many of these patients may be undergoing aspirin therapy for diverse cardiovascular causes. Nevertheless, there is ongoing controversy regarding the administration of aspirin therapy during the perioperative period, as there are concerns regarding the risk of bleeding problems compared to thromboembolic events. Although aspirin is commonly used, there is no agreement on whether to continue or stop taking it before cataract surgery. This systematic review and meta-analysis attempt to assess the safety of continuing or discontinuing aspirin in the setting of cataract surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines. Four databases were searched until January 25, 2024, for studies assessing the safety and efficacy of aspirin continuation or discontinuation before cataract surgery. The risk ratios (RR) of the extracted data and their 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were pooled using RevMan 5.4 software. We registered our protocol in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (registration number: CRD42024529986).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included nine studies with a total of 65,196 patients comprising various study designs and global populations. The analysis revealed a significant increase in subconjunctival hemorrhage risk with aspirin continuation (RR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.22, 2.50, <i>p</i> = .002). However, the risk of hyphema, retrobulbar hemorrhage, vitreous hemorrhage, intraocular pressure spike, corneal edema, posterior capsule rupture, and visual acuity changes did not significantly differ between aspirin continuation and discontinuation or aspirin and placebo groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although the use of aspirin before cataract surgery raises the likelihood of subconjunctival bleeding, it does not increase the risk of potentially sight-threatening bleeding events. We recommend continuation of aspirin in patients undergoing cataract surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":21702,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"86-96"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142558721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frosted Branch Angiitis After COVID-19.","authors":"Kayo Sugiura, Ken Fukuda, Rika Shoji, Mayu Kadono, Kenji Yamashiro","doi":"10.1080/08820538.2024.2399117","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08820538.2024.2399117","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21702,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"146-148"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142133669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uveal Effusion Syndrome Temporally Associated with Primary COVID-19 Infection.","authors":"Neeket R Patel, Marko Oydanich, Larry Frohman, Albert S Khouri","doi":"10.1080/08820538.2024.2381771","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08820538.2024.2381771","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To report a case of uveal effusion syndrome in association with primary COVID-19 infection to share our experience and insight in diagnosing and managing this unique case.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 56-year-old woman presented with angle closure glaucoma of both eyes. Further examination and imaging revealed the etiology to be related to bilateral uveal effusions and choroidal thickening in the setting of recent COVID-19 infection. The patient's glaucoma was managed with bilateral iridotomies and medical therapy, while the precipitating uveal effusions resolved with treatment on oral steroids.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While uveal effusion syndrome has been associated with COVID-19 vaccination, it has not yet been reported after primary infection. Recognition of this rare phenomenon will allow for better diagnosis and treatment in future cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":21702,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"143-145"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141752633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Learning Curve in Posterior Segment Ophthalmic Diagnostic Endoscopy: Implications for Budding Enthusiasts and Fellows-In-Training.","authors":"Vivek Pravin Dave, Ramya Natarajan, Rajeev Reddy Pappuru","doi":"10.1080/08820538.2024.2373269","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08820538.2024.2373269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To elucidate the learning curve for posterior segment diagnostic endoscopy (DE) based on the results of a self-trained (ST) and a supervised (SUP) vitreoretinal surgeon.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective review of medical records of DE performed between 2017 and 2023 by one ST and one SUP vitreoretinal surgeon at a tertiary eye care institute. Data were collected and the serial number of cases was plotted against the time taken for the procedure. A comparative regression plot was created for both the surgeons to know the slope of the learning curve. The start time was noted as that of attachment of the endoscope and the stop time was noted as the end of diagnostic evaluation. Procedures were divided into blocks of 10 cases each and the time taken for the procedures was calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Total of 106 eyes (58 by ST surgeon and 48 by SUP surgeon) were included. For ST surgeon, the time taken for the surgery correlated inversely (reduced sequentially) with the serial number of the case till the 20^th case (correlation coefficient = -0.5, <i>p</i> = .01), for SUP surgeon, the time taken for the surgery correlated inversely with the serial number of the case till the 10^th case (correlation coefficient = -0.9, <i>p</i> = <0.0001) and then stabilized. Neither of the groups had any adverse events.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>About 20 cases for a self-trained and about 10 cases for a supervised vitreoretinal surgeon are required to get stable with DE. These observations have implications in creating a training module for DE with appropriate number of training cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":21702,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"110-114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141580756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phacoemulsification with Either Endocyclophotocoagulation or Ab-Interno Canaloplasty with or without Trabeculotomy in Uveitic Glaucoma.","authors":"Helena Lam, Nathaniel P Miller, Joshua H Olson, Justin J Yamanuha","doi":"10.1080/08820538.2024.2405730","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08820538.2024.2405730","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Understanding the current role and efficacy of endocyclophotocoagulation (ECP) compared to ab-interno canaloplasty with or without trabeculotomy (OMNI), combined with cataract extraction and lens implantation (CEIOL), for the management of uveitic glaucoma (UG) is limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All UG patients ≥18 years old with ≥6 months of follow-up data (15.2 ± 5.9 months) after CEIOL combined with either ECP or OMNI from August 2019 to May 2022 at a single academic center were retrospectively reviewed [22 eyes of 15 patients (8 ECP, 14 OMNI)]. Surgical success was considered intraocular pressure (IOP) ≤21 mmHg and a reduction of baseline by ≥20% for two consecutive final visits without hypotony, additional surgery, or loss of light perception. Uveitic control was considered a <2-step increase in anterior chamber (AC) cell grade, <3+ AC cell grade, and no increase in steroid drop use at 3 months postoperatively. Secondary outcome measurements included postoperative change in IOP, glaucoma medications, best corrected visual acuity (VA), AC cell grade, and steroid drop frequency.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Baseline ocular and preoperative characteristics of eyes (age, sex, laterality, uveitic location, systemic immunomodulating therapy, visual acuity, IOP, number of glaucoma medications, AC cell grade, and steroid drop frequency) did not significantly differ except for greater racial diversity in the ECP group. 62.5% eyes were surgically successful in the ECP group and 85.71% in the OMNI. Between-group analysis showed greater IOP reduction in the OMNI group (<i>p</i> < .05), but no difference in reduction of glaucoma medications (<i>p</i> = .33). No eyes displayed a two-step increase in or >3+ AC cell grade, however, 50% and 64.29%, respectively, increased steroid drop use. Between groups, no difference in the change of AC cell grade (<i>p</i> = .98) or steroid drop use (<i>p</i> = .84) was seen.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both interventions improved visual acuity, IOP, and glaucoma medication use, however, OMNI was more successful at reducing IOP long term. An increase in steroid drop frequency may be the cost of a prolonged post-surgical inflammatory course related to underlying uveitis regardless of surgical approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":21702,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"137-142"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142353352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topical Chloramphenicol in Ophthalmology: Old is Gold.","authors":"Malik Moledina, Bhupendra C K Patel, Raman Malhotra","doi":"10.1080/08820538.2024.2381772","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08820538.2024.2381772","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Topical chloramphenicol is one of the most ubiquitous antibiotics used in ophthalmology and oculoplastic surgery globally. It shows broad-spectrum activity against a variety of different pathogenic organisms, is well tolerated on the ocular surface and displays excellent topical pharmacokinetics. Chloramphenicol has been available for purchase over the counter in the United Kingdom since 2005. Despite this, the largest health economy in the world, The United States has had a de-facto moratorium on its use for the past 30 years. In this review, we aim to evaluate topical chloramphenicol in ophthalmology and oculoplastic surgery and to determine whether its reputation within the US is warranted and justified.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a comprehensive literature review to evaluate the different facets of chloramphenicol, providing a detailed understanding of the drug, its historical context, the benefits and perceived risks, including safety concerns, and clinical perspectives of its use in clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mechanism of chloramphenicol, the context around which the drug's use in the US declined, and the drug's evidence base and safety data, including published case reports of serious adverse events, were analysed. The perceived benefits of the drug, particularly in light of antimicrobial resistance and its economic impact, were reviewed. Finally, perspectives on its use in clinical practice in ophthalmology and associated allied specialities were presented.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Chloramphenicol and its topical application have been misunderstood for many decades, particularly in the United States. Its demise across the Atlantic was due to an overzealous response to a dubious association with a weak evidence base. Numerous authors have since validated the safety profile of the and its safety has been borne out. The benefits of chloramphenicol, an effective broad-spectrum agent with a positive cost differential in the era of anti-microbial resistance and fiscal tightening, cannot be understated. Its likely effectiveness as a therapeutic topical agent in ophthalmic surgery makes it a valuable tool in the ophthalmic anti-microbial armoury. We would encourage the reinstatement of this valuable yet misunderstood drug as a first-line agent for simple ophthalmic infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":21702,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"97-106"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141760837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lacrimal History - Part IX: Doyens of Dacryology Series - Johann Caspar Schobinger and His Lacrimal Dissertation of 1730.","authors":"Mohammad Javed Ali","doi":"10.1080/08820538.2024.2414634","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08820538.2024.2414634","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21702,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"82-85"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142474220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}