Seminars in Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Port Delivery System Vs Monthly Ranibizumab in VEGF-Driven Macular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Edhem Dogru, Matheus Pedrotti Chavez, Otávio Toth, Mirella Serafini, Melis Kabaalioglu Guner","doi":"10.1080/08820538.2026.2693751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08820538.2026.2693751","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The comparative efficacy and safety of ranibizumab Port Delivery System (PDS) vs monthly intravitreal ranibizumab in Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)-driven macular diseases remains uncertain. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing PDS vs monthly ranibizumab in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) or diabetic macular edema (DME).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane were searched for randomized controlled trials enrolling adults with neovascular age-related macular degeneration or diabetic macular edema treated with the ranibizumab Port Delivery System (100 mg/mL) versus monthly intravitreal ranibizumab 0.5 mg. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted according to a predefined PICOTT framework. Continuous and binary outcomes were pooled with mean differences (MDs) and risk ratios (RRs) with a 95% confidence interval (CI), respectively, with a random-effects model. Statistical analyses were performed using RevMan.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three trials were included, with a total of 1,149 eyes of which 688 (60%) received PDS and 461 (40%) received monthly ranibizumab. No significant differences were observed in BCVA (nAMD: MD - 0.69 letters; 95% CI - 2.52 to 1.14; <i>p</i> = .46; DME: MD 0.20; 95% CI - 1.20 to 1.60; <i>p</i> = .78) or CRT (nAMD: MD 26.67 µm; 95% CI - 16.55 to 69.88; <i>p</i> = .23; DME: MD - 3.80; 95% CI - 17.20 to 9.60; <i>p</i> = .58). Incidence of ocular AEs was significantly higher with PDS (RR 1.80; 95% CI 1.49-2.17; <i>p</i> < .00001; I²=74%). Among specific complications, conjunctival bleb or filtering bleb leak (RR 15.29; 95% CI 2.31-101.35; <i>p</i> = .005), conjunctival erosion (RR 8.87; 95% CI 1.66-47.35; <i>p</i> = .01), vitreous hemorrhage (RR 3.61; 95% CI 1.24-10.49; <i>p</i> = .02), hyphema (RR 5.77; 95% CI 1.03-32.20; <i>p</i> = .05), and conjunctival retraction (RR 5.78; 95% CI 1.04-32.29; <i>p</i> = .05) occurred significantly more often with PDS. Systemic AEs were comparable between treatment arms (RR 1.00; 95% CI 0.89-1.13; <i>p</i> = .98).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this systematic review and meta-analysis of three randomized controlled trials, PDS was associated with visual and anatomical results comparable to monthly ranibizumab in patients with nAMD. Evidence in DME was limited to a single trial, and conclusions in this population should be considered exploratory. PDS was associated with a higher incidence of procedure- and device-related ocular complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":21702,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148339983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does QuantiFERON-Positive Tubercular Serpiginous-Like Choroiditis Affect Retinal and Choroidal Structures Differently in Affected Eyes Compared to Fellow Eyes and Healthy Controls? A Comparative OCT and OCT-A Study.","authors":"Şule Barman Kakil, Melike Balıkoğlu Yılmaz, Ekin Arslan","doi":"10.1080/08820538.2026.2693987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08820538.2026.2693987","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate long-term structural and microvascular alterations in QuantiFERON-positive tubercular serpiginous-like choroiditis (TB-SLC) using swept-source OCT and OCT angiography, and to compare affected eyes with fellow eyes and healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study included 11 patients (16 affected eyes) with QuantiFERON-positive TB-SLC and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (40 eyes). In unilateral cases, fellow eyes served as internal controls. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), choroidal vascularity index (CVI), and vessel density (VD) of the superficial (SCP), deep (DCP), and choriocapillaris (CC) plexuses, along with foveal avascular zone (FAZ) parameters, were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean follow-up duration was 73.6 ± 44.8 months. BCVA improved significantly from 0.68 ± 0.34 to 0.42 ± 0.29 logMAR (<i>p</i> = .004). CMT decreased from 412.6 ± 98.3 µm to 321.4 ± 74.5 µm (<i>p</i> = .001), SFCT from 287.5 ± 72.1 µm to 251.8 ± 65.4 µm (<i>p</i> = .018), and CVI from 0.61 ± 0.05 to 0.58 ± 0.04 (<i>p</i> = .032). Despite clinical improvement, affected eyes showed significantly reduced VD compared with controls, with diffuse sectoral reductions in the CC and DCP (all <i>p</i> ≤ .004), while SCP changes were less pronounced. Deep FAZ area was significantly enlarged in affected eyes (<i>p</i> = .004), whereas superficial FAZ did not differ. In unilateral cases, fellow eyes were comparable to controls, while affected eyes had reduced CC and DCP VD, enlarged deep FAZ, and worse BCVA (all <i>p</i> < .01). Greater baseline inflammatory severity was associated with poorer outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In TB-SLC, clinical improvement does not necessarily indicate complete microvascular recovery. Persistent CC and DCP impairment and deep FAZ enlargement suggest long-term chorioretinal remodeling, highlighting OCTA metrics as potential biomarkers of residual vascular damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":21702,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148318804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment Approaches for Posterior Uveitis in Ocular Sarcoidosis: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Keerthana Raghu, Kalpana Babu, Jyotirmay Biswas","doi":"10.1080/08820538.2026.2693180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08820538.2026.2693180","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To synthesise the current evidence on treatment strategies for posterior uveitis associated with ocular sarcoidosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A structured narrative review was undertaken, incorporating sarcoidosis-specific cohort studies, registry analyses, and clinically informative case series. Posterior ocular sarcoidosis was classified into distinct clinical phenotypes, including choroidal nodules and granulomas, retinal vasculitis, optic nerve granuloma, panuveitis with posterior involvement, and inflammatory sequelae to facilitate a phenotype-based synthesis of treatment approaches.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Posterior involvement in ocular sarcoidosis is characterised by chronic inflammation, frequent relapses, and a heightened risk of irreversible visual impairment. Systemic corticosteroids continue to form the cornerstone of initial therapy and remain effective for induction across disease phenotypes. However, sustained remission often necessitates the early introduction of steroid-sparing immunomodulatory therapy, particularly in bilateral, chronic, or recurrent disease. Methotrexate remains the most widely employed first-line immunomodulatory agent. In refractory disease, or among patients with corticosteroid dependence, tumour necrosis factor-α inhibitors such as adalimumab and infliximab have demonstrated significant efficacy in controlling inflammation while reducing steroid burden. Visual loss is frequently attributable to secondary complications, including cystoid macular oedema, retinal ischaemia, choroidal neovascularisation, and optic nerve involvement.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The management of posterior sarcoid uveitis requires an early, escalation-based therapeutic approach that integrates immunomodulatory therapy with timely biologic intervention in order to prevent structural complications and optimise long-term visual outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":21702,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148302971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glaucoma Drainage Devices in Pediatric Glaucoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Furkan Ozer, Hidayet Sener, Metin Unlu, Duygu Gulmez Sevim, Osman Ahmet Polat, Kuddusi Erkilic, Fatih Horozoglu","doi":"10.1080/08820538.2026.2692109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08820538.2026.2692109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the pooled surgical success rate, postoperative changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) and antiglaucoma medication burden following glaucoma drainage device (GDD) implantation in pediatric glaucoma, with subgroup analyses according to implant type.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library were searched on September 16, 2025. Eligible studies included at least 10 pediatric patients undergoing GDD implantation with a minimum follow-up of 3 months and reporting surgical success, IOP, or medication outcomes. Risk of bias in individual studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Random-effects meta-analyses using the DerSimonian-Laird method were performed for pooled surgical success, IOP reduction, and medication reduction. Subgroup analyses were conducted for Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV), Ahmed ClearPath (ACP), Baerveldt glaucoma implant (BGI), Aurolab aqueous drainage implant (AADI), and Paul glaucoma implant (PGI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-three studies including 1082 pediatric patients (1233 eyes) were analyzed. The overall pooled surgical success rate was 76% (95% CI, 71.1%-80.3%; I² = 73.6%). Subgroup success rates were 70.7% for AADI, 78.9% for ACP, 73.0% for AGV, 82.3% for BGI, and 80.0% for PGI. The pooled mean IOP reduction was -16.14 mmHg (95% CI, -17.06 to -15.21; I² = 88.3%), and the mean reduction in glaucoma medications was -1.63 (95% CI, -1.76 to -1.51; I² = 91.4%). Meta-regression analysis demonstrated that longer follow-up duration was associated with lower surgical success and a smaller reduction in medication use, suggesting that medication requirements increased over time.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>GDD implantation in pediatric glaucoma is associated with meaningful IOP reduction, decreased medication burden, and an overall favorable surgical success rate across diverse pediatric glaucoma subtypes. However, substantial heterogeneity, non-uniform success definitions, and declining success with longer follow-up suggest that long-term durability may be limited, and outcomes should be interpreted cautiously, particularly in inter-device comparisons.</p>","PeriodicalId":21702,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148284288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Nomogram Predicting the Response to Tocilizumab in Treating Active, Moderate-To-Severe, Glucocorticoid-Resistant Thyroid Eye Disease: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.","authors":"Jingjing Yu, Fanrui Meng, Zhipeng Cui, Zhiwei He, Li Sun, Yi Wang, Hongwei Gao, Yu Li, Chao Wan, Aihua Liu, Yushu Li, Zhongyan Shan, Chao Liu, Shuhang Xu","doi":"10.1080/08820538.2026.2684996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08820538.2026.2684996","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tocilizumab (TCZ) in treating active, moderate-to-severe, glucocorticoid-resistant thyroid eye disease (TED), and to develop a nomogram to predict the response to TCZ treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study involving 59 patients with active, moderate-to-severe, glucocorticoid-resistant TED from three medical institutions in China. The primary outcome was the treatment response rate at 12 weeks and 24 weeks, as evaluated by the Clinical Activity Score (CAS). Secondary outcomes included proptosis parameters and the thickness of extraocular muscles measured by orbital magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diplopia, serum thyroid-stimulating receptor antibody (TRAb) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, and adverse events. Factors influencing the treatment response were identified by multivariate logistic regression, and a nomogram was then created to predict the success or failure of TCZ treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An absolute response rate of 59.32% (35/59) was detected at 12 weeks and 73.08% (38/52) at 24 weeks after TCZ treatment. CAS significantly decreased from 4 at baseline to 2 following TCZ treatment (<i>p</i> < .001). Compared to that at baseline, the exophthalmometric value was significantly alleviated in both eyes at 12 weeks of TCZ treatment (right eye 22.08 ± 3.09 mm vs. 20.40 ± 2.77 mm, left eye, 22.09 ± 3.26 mm vs. 20.52 ± 2.59 mm, both <i>p</i> < .001). At 24 weeks, a significant decrease of diplopia grade (by one or more grades) from baseline was seen in 45.95% (17/37) of the affected eyes, and a complete resolution was observed in 9 TED patients (<i>p</i> < .05). No serious adverse events were reported during the study period. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that smoking history, baseline CAS, proptosis, and free thyroxine (FT4) levels were risk factors for a poor response to TCZ treatment (<i>p</i> < .05). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated that the nomogram, created based on these risk factors, generated an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.801 (95% CI: 0.659-0.943) in the training set and 0.792 (95% CI: 0.558-1) in the validation set. Furthermore, the Hosmer-Lemeshow calibration curve showed that the C-statistic in ROC, Brier score, χ2 value and <i>p</i> value of the nomogram were 0.801, 0.171, 6.125 and 0.633 in the training set, and 0.778, 0.167, 6.353 and 0.608 in the validation set, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TCZ treatment appears to inhibit clinical activity and proptosis in patients with active, moderate-to-severe, glucocorticoid-resistant TED, with a high safety profile. A nomogram incorporating smoking history, baseline CAS, proptosis, and FT4 levels can help predict the response to TCZ treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":21702,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148253005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric Retinal Vasculitis: Major Review.","authors":"Nawazish Shaikh, Pradeep Venkatesh, Shorya Vardhan Azad, Hemant Kumar Joshi, Rohan Chawla, Devesh Kumawat, Vinod Kumar, Saurabh Verma, Rajpal Vohra","doi":"10.1080/08820538.2026.2680203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08820538.2026.2680203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inflammation of the retinal vasculature is rare in adults and rarer still in the pediatric age group. Also, retinal vasculitis in adults tends to be idiopathic; this is less likely in children. In addition, systemic features are likely to be less forthcoming in childhood than in adults. Hence, the overall approach to the management of pediatric retinal vasculitis needs to be more detailed in terms of evaluation and more prompt in terms of assessing response to treatment and early identification of complications. Failure to detect concurrent involvement of other organs would not only impact visual outcomes, but also affect the long-term quality of life of these affected children. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the etiology, clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis, and management of pediatric retinal vasculitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":21702,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"1-32"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148252949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in Posterior Segment Disease: A Narrative and Pictorial Review.","authors":"Jai Paris, Charlie Abbott, Carmelo Macri, David Sia, Matthew Le, Wanyin Lim, Weng Onn Chan","doi":"10.1080/08820538.2026.2686985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08820538.2026.2686985","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To review the applications of contrast‑enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the evaluation of retinal and choroidal disease, and to present a series of illustrative cases highlighting its clinical utility.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search of PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane library, and Google Scholar was conducted in August 2025 to identify studies describing or differentiating CEUS features in retinal and choroidal pathology. Studies were included if CEUS findings were correlated with clinical, multimodal imaging, or histopathological diagnoses. Additionally, we present a prospective case series of posterior segment pathologies utilising B-mode US, colour Doppler ultrasound (CDUS), and CEUS (Definity®) to descriptively analyse imaging characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In choroidal lesions, CEUS can differentiate hemangioma (slow centripetal homogenous, prolonged late enhancement) from melanoma (rapid peripheral enhancement with early washout) and metastasis (rapid wash-in with variable wash-out). Choroidal detachment shows rapid, homogenous enhancement with clear distinction from non-enhancing subchoroidal haemorrhage. In retinal disease, CEUS improves the sensitivity for retinal detachment detection compared with B-mode/CDUS and provides an imaging option for eyes with media opacity. CEUS can distinguish RD from benign vitreoretinal conditions such as degenerative retinoschisis and posterior vitreous detachment due to the presence of contrast enhancement. Acute RD generally shows significant contrast uptake, whereas chronic RD may show variable findings. In peripheral exudative haemorrhagic chorioretinopathy, CEUS reveals a peripherally enhancing lesion surrounding a central region of hypoenhancing haemorrhagic core.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CEUS enables real-time assessment of the retinal and choroidal microcirculation, improving diagnostic accuracy and radiological characterisation across several posterior segment pathologies. Larger prospective studies are warranted to better define the role of CEUS in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":21702,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148205905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"XEN45 Gel Stent Implantation for Refractory Glaucoma Following Penetrating Keratoplasty: A Prospective Study with Over One Year Follow-Up.","authors":"Die Hu, Xiaoxi Liu, Yanling Dong, Longfang Zhou, Xinmiao Shan, Yangyang Zhang, Wei Sun, Lixin Xie, Xiaojing Pan","doi":"10.1080/08820538.2026.2676300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08820538.2026.2676300","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of XEN45 gel stent implantation for medically refractory glaucoma following penetrating keratoplasty (PK).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective single-center study, 13 eyes with uncontrolled post-PK glaucoma underwent XEN45 implantation. Outcomes included intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction, medication use, success rates, and complications. Success was defined as IOP >5 and <21 mmHg with a >20% reduction from baseline, without (complete) or with (qualified) medications. Follow-up was at least one year.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Preoperative IOP [median 31 mmHg, Interquartile Range (IQR): 29-45.5 mmHg] was significantly reduced to 16.1 mmHg (IQR: 11.5-25.5 mmHg) at 12 months (<i>p</i> = .008) and to 12.7 mmHg (IQR: 9.3-19.6 mmHg) at 18 months (<i>p</i> = .031), excluding patients who required secondary glaucoma surgery. The median number of glaucoma medications decreased from 4 (IQR: 3.5-4.0) preoperatively to 0 (IQR: 0-1.8) at 12 months (<i>p</i> = .008) and 0 (IQR: 0-1.3) at 18 months (<i>p</i> = .031) in the same subgroup. At 12 months, the cumulative complete and qualified success rates were 38.5% and 46.2%, respectively; at 18 months, the corresponding rates were 38.5% and 46.2%. The most common complication was bleb scarring (46.2%). No new corneal graft opacification occurred.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>XEN45 gel stent implantation significantly reduces IOP and medication burden in refractory glaucoma after PK. It demonstrates an acceptable safety profile with no new cases of corneal graft opacification observed during follow-up. XEN45 implantation is an effective and valuable minimally invasive approach for refractory post-PK glaucoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":21702,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147983078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methods to Quantify Suppression in Amblyopia: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Shakthi Pradheepa Periakaruppan, Krishnaveni Nagarajan, Debkuntal Sen, PremNandhini Satgunam","doi":"10.1080/08820538.2026.2671406","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08820538.2026.2671406","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Suppression is the cortical inhibition of visual information from one eye. This scoping review identifies and collates the different methods, techniques, and tools used to measure and quantify suppression in the clinical management of amblyopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PRISMAScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses - Scoping Reviews) guidelines were followed to include peer-reviewed papers that describe methods to quantify suppression in patients with amblyopia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 75 included papers, results show that suppression quantification is feasible in children as young as 3-years old. Only three randomized clinical trials have used suppression as a quantified outcome measure. Methodologies are broadly categorized by target size, electrophysiology, or contrast. Common clinical tools are primarily size-based (e.g. the worth four-dot test at varying distances) or contrast-based (e.g. neutral density filters). Conversely, most experimental assessments are software-driven contrast-based paradigms such as dichoptic motion coherence tests.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Clinical implementation of suppression quantification remains limited. However, available clinical tools for quantifying suppression on a fine-graded continuous scale are minimal. Such finer tools for the quantification of suppression are used in lab-based research and are yet to be made commercially available. Future studies should focus on developing better clinical tools for quantifying suppression.</p>","PeriodicalId":21702,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147869372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Features, Diagnosis and Prognosis of Vemurafenib-Induced Uveitis.","authors":"Zhaoquan Wu, Wei Sun, Chunjiang Wang","doi":"10.1080/08820538.2026.2670451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08820538.2026.2670451","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the clinical features of vemurafenib-induced uveitis and to provide clinical evidence for diagnosis and treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and collected clinical reports on vemurafenib-induced uveitis by searching Chinese and English databases up to January 31, 2026. Clinical data were extracted and descriptive analysis was conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 33 patients were collected, with a median age of 58 years (range 14,81). The median occurrence time of uveitis was 6 months (range 0.75, 48), with ocular redness (37.39%) and blurry vision (34.5%) as the main symptoms. Uveitis mainly involved bilateral eyes (87.9%), mainly anterior uveitis (60.6%). Optical coherence tomography examination can show normal (25.9%) and macular edema (51.9%). After discontinuing vemurafenib and receiving local, topical and/or systemic steroids, the patient's symptoms gradually improved.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients taking vemurafenib are recommended to undergo ophthalmic monitoring. During treatment, clinicians should be alert to the potential for uveitis, particularly if patients develop ocular redness and visual impairment. While the optimal treatment regimen for vemurafenib-induced uveitis is not established, topical, local, and/or systemic steroids continue to be the primary treatment approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":21702,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147842415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}