IF 3.5 3区综合性期刊

Sensors Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.3390/s25185864

Jia Wang, Baoxiong Xu, Zhenkai Zhang, Biao Jin

{"title":"RCS-Doppler-Assisted MM-GM-PHD Filter for Passive Radar in Non-Uniform Clutter.","authors":"Jia Wang, Baoxiong Xu, Zhenkai Zhang, Biao Jin","doi":"10.3390/s25185864","DOIUrl":"10.3390/s25185864","url":null,"abstract":"In passive radar, the multiple model probability hypothesis density (MM-PHD) filter has demonstrated robust capability in tracking multi-maneuvering targets. Nevertheless, non-uniform clutter in practical scenarios causes misestimation of component weights, thereby generating false targets. To solve the false targets problem, a feature-matching MM-PHD (FM-MM-GM-PHD) algorithm for passive radar tracking is proposed in this paper. First, the measurement likelihood function was refined by leveraging target radar cross-section (RCS) and Doppler features to assist in suppressing false targets and reduce clutter interference. Additionally, the proposed algorithm incorporated adaptive component pruning and absorption processes to enhance tracking accuracy. Finally, a missed-alarm correction mechanism was introduced to compensate for measurement losses. Simulations of the passive radar results validated the findings that the proposed algorithm outperformed the traditional MM-PHD filter in both tracking accuracy and cardinality estimation. This superiority was particularly pronounced in non-uniform clutter environments under low detection probabilities.","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"25 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145178490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IDD-DETR: Insulator Defect Detection Model and Low-Carbon Operation and Maintenance Application Based on Bidirectional Cross-Scale Fusion and Dynamic Histogram Attention. 基于双向跨尺度融合和动态直方图关注的绝缘子缺陷检测模型及低碳运维应用

IF 3.5 3区综合性期刊

Sensors Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.3390/s25185848

Weizhen Chen, Shuaishuai Li, Xingyu Han

{"title":"IDD-DETR: Insulator Defect Detection Model and Low-Carbon Operation and Maintenance Application Based on Bidirectional Cross-Scale Fusion and Dynamic Histogram Attention.","authors":"Weizhen Chen, Shuaishuai Li, Xingyu Han","doi":"10.3390/s25185848","DOIUrl":"10.3390/s25185848","url":null,"abstract":"Against the background of the \"dual carbon\" goal and the construction of a new power system, the intelligent operation and maintenance of insulators for ultra-high voltage transmission lines face challenges such as difficulty in detecting small-scale defects and strong interference from complex backgrounds. This paper proposes an improved network IDD-DETR to address the problems of inefficient one-way feature fusion and low-contrast defects that are easily overwhelmed in existing RT-DETR models. The enhanced network IDD-DETR replaces PAFPN with a Feature-Focused Diffusion Network (FFDN) and improves multi-scale fusion efficiency through bidirectional cross-scale interaction and designs Dynamic-Range Histogram Self-Attention (DHSA) to enhance defect response in low brightness areas. The experiment showed that its mAP50 reached 81.7% (an increase of 3.8% percentage points compared to RT-DETR), the flashover defect AP50 reached 74.6% (+6.1% percentage points), and it maintained 76 FPS on NVIDIA RTX3060, with an average decrease of 1.65% in mAP50 under complex environments. This model reduces the comprehensive missed detection rate from 26.7% to 23.3%, reduces 45.6 GWh of power loss annually (corresponding to 283,000 tons of CO2 emission reductions, with 64.3% of the reduction contributed by flashover defect detection), improves inspection efficiency by 60%, reduces manual pole climbing frequency by 37%, and reduces 28 high-altitude risk events annually, providing support for low-carbon operation and maintenance of transmission lines.","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"25 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473871/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Application of Optical Measurements to Assess Form Deviations of Cylindrical Parts Made Using FDM Additive Technology. 光学测量在FDM增材制造圆柱件形状偏差评定中的应用

IF 3.5 3区综合性期刊

Sensors Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.3390/s25185855

Anna Bujarska, Paweł Zmarzły, Paweł Szczygieł

{"title":"Application of Optical Measurements to Assess Form Deviations of Cylindrical Parts Made Using FDM Additive Technology.","authors":"Anna Bujarska, Paweł Zmarzły, Paweł Szczygieł","doi":"10.3390/s25185855","DOIUrl":"10.3390/s25185855","url":null,"abstract":"Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), also known as Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), is a widely used additive manufacturing (AM) method for thermoplastic materials due to its low cost, accessibility, and ability to produce fully functional machine parts. Cylindrical components, common in mechanical devices, require precise dimensional and form accuracy to ensure long service life. To assess their quality, cylindricity deviation measurements are essential, as they reveal defects generated during the printing process. This study investigates the potential of optical scanning for measuring form deviations specifically cylindricity and roundness of ABS components manufactured via FDM. The influence of printing orientation (0°, 45°, 90°) on dimensional accuracy was examined using experimental models comprising three series of ten samples each, with identical process parameters except orientation. Measurements were performed using a Zeiss Prismo Navigator (Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany) coordinate measuring machine and an ATOS II Triple Scan (GOM, Brunswick, Germany) optical scanner. Results indicate that print orientation significantly affects cylindricity deviation. The lowest deviations were achieved for specific orientations, offering guidelines for producing cylindrical surfaces of acceptable quality. The findings also show that optical scanners are not suitable for precise form deviation analysis in FDM-printed parts, confirming the higher accuracy of tactile coordinate measurement methods.","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"25 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473876/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145178072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Strain Sensor-Based Fatigue Prediction for Hydraulic Turbine Governor Servomotor in Complementary Energy Systems. 基于应变传感器的互补能源系统水轮机调速器伺服电机疲劳预测。

IF 3.5 3区综合性期刊

Sensors Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.3390/s25185860

Hong Hua, Zhizhong Zhang, Xiaobing Liu, Wanquan Deng

{"title":"Strain Sensor-Based Fatigue Prediction for Hydraulic Turbine Governor Servomotor in Complementary Energy Systems.","authors":"Hong Hua, Zhizhong Zhang, Xiaobing Liu, Wanquan Deng","doi":"10.3390/s25185860","DOIUrl":"10.3390/s25185860","url":null,"abstract":"Hydraulic turbine governor servomotors in wind solar hydro complementary energy systems face significant fatigue failure challenges due to high-frequency regulation. This study develops an intelligent fatigue monitoring and prediction system based on strain sensors, specifically designed for the frequent regulation requirements of complementary systems. A multi-point monitoring network was constructed using resistive strain sensors, integrated with temperature and vibration sensors for multimodal data fusion. Field validation was conducted at an 18.56 MW hydroelectric unit, covering guide vane opening ranges from 13% to 63%, with system response time <1 ms and a signal-to-noise ratio of 65 dB. A simulation model combining sensor measurements with finite element simulation was established through fine-mesh modeling to identify critical fatigue locations. The finite element analysis results show excellent agreement with experimental measurements (error < 8%), validating the simulation model approach. The fork head was identified as the critical component with a stress concentration factor of 3.4, maximum stress of 51.7 MPa, and predicted fatigue life of 1.2 × 106 cycles (12-16 years). The cylindrical pin shows a maximum shear stress of 36.1 MPa, with fatigue life of 3.8 × 106 cycles (16-20 years). Monte Carlo reliability analysis indicates a system reliability of 51.2% over 20 years. This work provides an effective technical solution for the predictive maintenance and digital operation of wind solar hydro complementary systems.","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"25 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473477/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145178285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Toward Autonomous UAV Swarm Navigation: A Review of Trajectory Design Paradigms. 自主无人机群导航：轨迹设计范式综述。

IF 3.5 3区综合性期刊

Sensors Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.3390/s25185877

Kaleem Arshid, Ali Krayani, Lucio Marcenaro, David Martin Gomez, Carlo Regazzoni

{"title":"Toward Autonomous UAV Swarm Navigation: A Review of Trajectory Design Paradigms.","authors":"Kaleem Arshid, Ali Krayani, Lucio Marcenaro, David Martin Gomez, Carlo Regazzoni","doi":"10.3390/s25185877","DOIUrl":"10.3390/s25185877","url":null,"abstract":"The development of efficient and reliable trajectory-planning strategies for swarms of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is an increasingly important area of research, with applications in surveillance, search and rescue, smart agriculture, defence operations, and communication networks. This article provides a comprehensive and critical review of the various techniques available for UAV swarm trajectory planning, which can be broadly categorised into three main groups: traditional algorithms, biologically inspired metaheuristics, and modern artificial intelligence (AI)-based methods. The study examines cutting-edge research, comparing key aspects of trajectory planning, including computational efficiency, scalability, inter-UAV coordination, energy consumption, and robustness in uncertain environments. The strengths and weaknesses of these algorithms are discussed in detail, particularly in the context of collision avoidance, adaptive decision making, and the balance between centralised and decentralised control. Additionally, the review highlights hybrid frameworks that combine the global optimisation power of bio-inspired algorithms with the real-time adaptability of AI-based approaches, aiming to achieve an effective exploration-exploitation trade-off in multi-agent environments. Lastly, the article addresses the major challenges in UAV swarm trajectory planning, including multidimensional trajectory spaces, nonlinear dynamics, and real-time adaptation. It also identifies promising directions for future research. This study serves as a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, and system designers working to develop UAV swarms for real-world, integrated, intelligent, and autonomous missions.","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"25 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473296/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145178328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Receiver Location Optimization for Heterogeneous S-Band Marine Transmitters in Passive Multistatic Radar Networks via NSGA-II. 基于NSGA-II的无源多基地雷达网络中异构s波段船用发射机接收机定位优化。

IF 3.5 3区综合性期刊

Sensors Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.3390/s25185861

Xinpeng Li, Pengfei He, Jie Song, Zhongxun Wang

{"title":"Receiver Location Optimization for Heterogeneous S-Band Marine Transmitters in Passive Multistatic Radar Networks via NSGA-II.","authors":"Xinpeng Li, Pengfei He, Jie Song, Zhongxun Wang","doi":"10.3390/s25185861","DOIUrl":"10.3390/s25185861","url":null,"abstract":"Comprehensive maritime domain awareness is crucial for navigation safety, traffic management, and security surveillance. In the context of an increasingly complex modern electromagnetic environment, the disadvantages of traditional active single-station radars, such as their high cost and susceptibility to interference, have started to surface. Due to their unique advantages, such as low cost, environmental sustainability (by reusing existing signals), and resilience in congested spectral environments, non-cooperative passive multistatic radar (PMR) systems have gained significant interest in maritime monitoring. This paper presents the research background of non-cooperative passive multistatic radar systems, performs a fundamental analysis of the detection performance of multistatic radar systems, and suggests an optimization method for the transceiver configuration of non-cooperative passive multistatic radar systems based on geometric coverage theory and a signal-to-noise ratio model. A multi-objective optimization model is developed, considering both detection coverage and positioning error, and is solved using the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II). The optimization aims to find the optimal receiver location relative to a fixed configuration of four transmitters, representing common maritime traffic patterns. According to the simulation results, the multi-target genetic algorithm can be utilized to optimize the receiver position under the S-band radar settings used in this work. Compared to a random placement baseline, this can reduce the positioning error by about 8.9% and extend the detection range by about 15.8%. Furthermore, for the specific four-transmitter configuration and S-band radar parameters considered in this study, it is found that the best detection performance is more likely to be obtained when the receiver is placed within 15 km of the transmitters' geometric center.","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"25 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473637/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Image Processing Algorithms Analysis for Roadside Wild Animal Detection. 路边野生动物检测的图像处理算法分析。

IF 3.5 3区综合性期刊

Sensors Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.3390/s25185876

Mindaugas Knyva, Darius Gailius, Šarūnas Kilius, Aistė Kukanauskaitė, Pranas Kuzas, Gintautas Balčiūnas, Asta Meškuotienė, Justina Dobilienė

{"title":"Image Processing Algorithms Analysis for Roadside Wild Animal Detection.","authors":"Mindaugas Knyva, Darius Gailius, Šarūnas Kilius, Aistė Kukanauskaitė, Pranas Kuzas, Gintautas Balčiūnas, Asta Meškuotienė, Justina Dobilienė","doi":"10.3390/s25185876","DOIUrl":"10.3390/s25185876","url":null,"abstract":"The study presents a comparative analysis of five distinct image processing methodologies for roadside wild animal detection using thermal imagery, aiming to identify an optimal approach for embedded system implementation to mitigate wildlife-vehicle collisions. The evaluated techniques included the following: bilateral filtering followed by thresholding and SIFT feature matching; Gaussian filtering combined with Canny edge detection and contour analysis; color quantization via the nearest average algorithm followed by contour identification; motion detection based on absolute inter-frame differencing, object dilation, thresholding, and contour comparison; and animal detection based on a YOLOv8n neural network. These algorithms were applied to sequential thermal images captured by a custom roadside surveillance system incorporating a thermal camera and a Raspberry Pi processing unit. Performance evaluation utilized a dataset of consecutive frames, assessing average execution time, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. The results revealed performance trade-offs: the motion detection method achieved the highest sensitivity (92.31%) and overall accuracy (87.50%), critical for minimizing missed detections, despite exhibiting the near lowest specificity (66.67%) and a moderate execution time (0.126 s) compared to the fastest bilateral filter approach (0.093 s) and the high-specificity Canny edge method (90.00%). Consequently, considering the paramount importance of detection reliability (sensitivity and accuracy) in this application, the motion-based methodology was selected for further development and implementation within the target embedded system framework. Subsequent testing on diverse datasets validated its general robustness while highlighting potential performance variations depending on dataset characteristics, particularly the duration of animal presence within the monitored frame.","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"25 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473846/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Drift-Aware Clustering and Recovery Strategy for Surface-Deployed Wireless Sensor Networks in Ocean Environments. 海洋环境下地面部署无线传感器网络漂移感知聚类与恢复策略。

IF 3.5 3区综合性期刊

Sensors Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.3390/s25185883

Lei Wang, Qian-Xun Hong

{"title":"A Drift-Aware Clustering and Recovery Strategy for Surface-Deployed Wireless Sensor Networks in Ocean Environments.","authors":"Lei Wang, Qian-Xun Hong","doi":"10.3390/s25185883","DOIUrl":"10.3390/s25185883","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are deployed in terrestrial environments. However, on the sea surface, sensor nodes can drift due to ocean currents and wind; thus, network topologies continuously evolve, and the communication between nodes is frequently disrupted. These unstable connections significantly degrade data transmission stability and overall network performance. These problems are particularly significant in maritime regions where the sea state changes rapidly, thus imposing stringent technical requirements on the design of long-range, reliable, low-latency, and persistent sensing systems. This study proposes a wireless sensor network architecture for sea surface drifting nodes, which is termed Drift-Aware Routing and Clustering with Recovery (DARCR). The proposed system consists of three major components: (1) an enhanced dynamic drift model that more accurately predicts node movement for realistic ocean conditions; (2) a cluster-based framework that prevents disconnection and minimizes delay, which improves cluster stability and adaptability to dynamic environments through refined clustering and route setup mechanisms; and (3) a self-recovery routing strategy for re-establishing communication after disconnection. The proposed method is evaluated using ocean current data from the Copernicus Ocean Data Center simulating a 60-h drifting scenario around the central Taiwan Strait. The experimental results show that the average hourly disconnection rate is maintained at 6.2%, with a variance of 0.31%, and the transmission of newly sensed data is completed within 3 to 5 s, with a maximum delay of approximately 10 s. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of maintaining communication stability and low-latency data transmission for sea surface WSNs that operate in highly dynamic marine conditions.","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"25 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473466/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145178015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Implementation and Performance Evaluation of Quantum-Inspired Clustering Scheme for Energy-Efficient WSNs. 节能无线传感器网络量子启发聚类方案的实现与性能评价。

IF 3.5 3区综合性期刊

Sensors Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.3390/s25185872

Chindiyababy Uthayakumar, Ramkumar Jayaraman, Hadi A Raja, Kamran Daniel

{"title":"Implementation and Performance Evaluation of Quantum-Inspired Clustering Scheme for Energy-Efficient WSNs.","authors":"Chindiyababy Uthayakumar, Ramkumar Jayaraman, Hadi A Raja, Kamran Daniel","doi":"10.3390/s25185872","DOIUrl":"10.3390/s25185872","url":null,"abstract":"Advancements in communication technologies and the proliferation of smart devices have significantly increased the demand for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). These networks play an important role in the IoT environment. The wireless sensor network has many sensor nodes that are used to monitor the surrounding environment. Energy consumption is the main issue in WSN due to the difficulty in recharging or replacing batteries in the sensor nodes. Cluster head selection is one of the most effective approaches to reduce overall network energy consumption. In recent years, quantum technology has become a growing research area. Various quantum-based algorithms have been developed by researchers for clustering. This article introduces a novel, energy-efficient clustering scheme called the quantum-inspired clustering scheme (QICS), which is based on the Quantum Grover algorithm. It is mainly used to improve the performance of cluster head selection in a wireless sensor network. The research conducted simulations that compared the proposed cluster selection method against established algorithms, LEACH, GSACP, and EDS-KHO. The simulation environment used 100 nodes connected via specific energy and communication settings. QICS stands out as the superior clustering method since it extends the lifetime of the network by 30.5%, decreases energy usage by 22.4%, and increases the packet delivery ratios by 19.8%. The quantum method achieved an increase in speed with its clustering procedure. This study proves how quantum-inspired techniques have become an emerging approach to handling WSN energy restrictions, thus indicating future potential for IoT systems with energy awareness and scalability.","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"25 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473488/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145178033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design and Assessment of Flexible Capacitive Electrodes for Reusable ECG Monitoring: Effects of Sweat and Adapted Front-End Configuration. 可重复使用的心电监测柔性电容电极的设计与评估：汗液和前端配置的影响。

IF 3.5 3区综合性期刊

Sensors Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.3390/s25185856

Ivo Iliev, Georgi T Nikolov, Nikolay Tomchev, Bozhidar I Stefanov, Boriana Tzaneva

{"title":"Design and Assessment of Flexible Capacitive Electrodes for Reusable ECG Monitoring: Effects of Sweat and Adapted Front-End Configuration.","authors":"Ivo Iliev, Georgi T Nikolov, Nikolay Tomchev, Bozhidar I Stefanov, Boriana Tzaneva","doi":"10.3390/s25185856","DOIUrl":"10.3390/s25185856","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents the development and characterization of a flexible capacitive electrode for non-contact ECG acquisition, fabricated using a simple and cost-effective method from readily available materials. The electrode consists of a multilayer structure with a copper conductor laminated by a polyimide (Kapton®) dielectric layer on a polyurethane support. The impedance and capacitance of the electrode were evaluated under varying textile moisture levels with artificial sweat, as well as after exposure to common disinfectants including ethyl alcohol and iodine tincture. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and broadband impedance measurements (10-1-105 Hz) confirmed stable capacitive behavior, moderate sensitivity to moisture, and chemical stability of the Kapton-copper interface under conditions simulating repeated use. A custom front-end readout circuit was implemented to demonstrate through-textile ECG signal acquisition. Simulator tests reproduced characteristic waveform patterns, and preliminary volunteer recordings confirmed the feasibility of through-textile acquisition. These results highlight the promise of the electrode as a low-cost platform for future wearable biosignal monitoring technical research.","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"25 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473565/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145178084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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