IF 3.5 3区综合性期刊

Sensors Pub Date : 2025-07-19 DOI: 10.3390/s25144496

Yi-Shiun Lee, Yong-Yi Fanjiang, Chi-Huang Hung, Yung-Shiang Huang

{"title":"BLE Signal Processing and Machine Learning for Indoor Behavior Classification.","authors":"Yi-Shiun Lee, Yong-Yi Fanjiang, Chi-Huang Hung, Yung-Shiang Huang","doi":"10.3390/s25144496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s25144496","url":null,"abstract":"Smart home technology enhances the quality of life, particularly with respect to in-home care and health monitoring. While video-based methods provide accurate behavior analysis, privacy concerns drive interest in non-visual alternatives. This study proposes a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)-enabled indoor positioning and behavior recognition system, integrating machine learning techniques to support sustainable and privacy-preserving health monitoring. Key optimizations include: (1) a vertically mounted Data Collection Unit (DCU) for improved height positioning, (2) synchronized data collection to reduce discrepancies, (3) Kalman filtering to smooth RSSI signals, and (4) AI-based RSSI analysis for enhanced behavior recognition. Experiments in a real home environment used a smart wristband to assess BLE signal variations across different activities (standing, sitting, lying down). The results show that the proposed system reliably tracks user locations and identifies behavior patterns. This research supports elderly care, remote health monitoring, and non-invasive behavior analysis, providing a privacy-preserving solution for smart healthcare applications.","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"25 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144744596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment of the Risk of Failure in Electric Power Supply Systems for Railway Traffic Control Devices. 铁路交通控制装置供电系统故障风险评估。

IF 3.5 3区综合性期刊

Sensors Pub Date : 2025-07-19 DOI: 10.3390/s25144501

Tomasz Ciszewski, Jerzy Wojciechowski, Mieczysław Kornaszewski, Grzegorz Krawczyk, Beata Kuźmińska-Sołśnia, Artur Hermanowicz

引用次数: 0

Energy-Aware Duty Cycle Management for Solar-Powered IoT Devices. 太阳能物联网设备的能量感知占空比管理。

IF 3.5 3区综合性期刊

Sensors Pub Date : 2025-07-19 DOI: 10.3390/s25144500

Michael Gerndt, Mustafa Ispir, Isaac Nunez, Shajulin Benedict

引用次数: 0

An Analysis of the Design and Kinematic Characteristics of an Octopedic Land-Air Bionic Robot. 八爪式陆空仿生机器人的设计与运动特性分析。

IF 3.5 3区综合性期刊

Sensors Pub Date : 2025-07-19 DOI: 10.3390/s25144502

Jianwei Zhao, Jiaping Gao, Mingsong Bao, Hao Zhai, Xu Pei, Zheng Jiang

{"title":"An Analysis of the Design and Kinematic Characteristics of an Octopedic Land-Air Bionic Robot.","authors":"Jianwei Zhao, Jiaping Gao, Mingsong Bao, Hao Zhai, Xu Pei, Zheng Jiang","doi":"10.3390/s25144502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s25144502","url":null,"abstract":"The urgent need for complex terrain adaptability in industrial automation and disaster relief has highlighted the great potential of octopedal wheel-legged robots. However, their design complexity and motion control challenges must be addressed. In this study, an innovative design approach is employed to construct a highly adaptive robot architecture capable of intelligently adjusting the wheel-leg configuration to cope with changing environments. An advanced kinematic analysis and simulation techniques are combined with inverse kinematic algorithms and dynamic planning to achieve a typical 'Step-Wise Octopedal Dynamic Coordination Gait' and different gait planning and optimization. The effectiveness of the design and control strategy is verified through the construction of an experimental platform and field tests, significantly improving the robot's adaptability and mobility in complex terrain. Additionally, an optional integrated quadrotor module with a compact folding mechanism is incorporated, enabling the robot to overcome otherwise impassable obstacles via short-distance flight when ground locomotion is impaired. This achievement not only enriches the theory and methodology of the multi-legged robot design but also establishes a solid foundation for its widespread application in disaster rescue, exploration, and industrial automation.","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"25 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144744587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design of Heavy Agricultural Machinery Rail Transport System and Dynamic Performance Research on Tracks in Hilly Regions of Southern China. 南方丘陵地区重型农机轨道运输系统设计及轨道动力性能研究。

IF 3.5 3区综合性期刊

Sensors Pub Date : 2025-07-19 DOI: 10.3390/s25144498

Cheng Lin, Hao Chen, Jiawen Chen, Shaolong Gou, Yande Liu, Jun Hu

{"title":"Design of Heavy Agricultural Machinery Rail Transport System and Dynamic Performance Research on Tracks in Hilly Regions of Southern China.","authors":"Cheng Lin, Hao Chen, Jiawen Chen, Shaolong Gou, Yande Liu, Jun Hu","doi":"10.3390/s25144498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s25144498","url":null,"abstract":"To address the limitations of conventional single-track rail systems in challenging hilly and mountainous terrains, which are ill-suited for transporting heavy agricultural machinery, there is a critical need to develop a specialized the double-track rail transportation system optimized for orchard equipment. Recognizing this requirement, our research team designed and implemented a double-track rail transportation system. In this innovative system, the rail functions as the pivotal component, with its structural properties significantly impacting the machine's overall stability and operational performance. In this study, resistance strain gauges were employed to analyze the stress-strain distribution of the track under a full load of 750 kg, a critical factor in the system's design. To further investigate the structural performance of the double-track rail, the impact hammer method was utilized in conjunction with triaxial acceleration sensors to conduct experimental modal analysis (EMA) under actual support conditions. By integrating the Eigensystem Realization Algorithm (ERA), the first 20 natural modes and their corresponding parameters were successfully identified with high precision. A comparative analysis between finite element simulation results and experimental measurements was performed, revealing the double-track rail's inherent vibration characteristics under constrained modal conditions versus actual boundary constraints. These valuable findings serve as a theoretical foundation for the dynamic optimization of rail structures and the mitigation of resonance issues. The advancement of hilly and mountainous rail transportation systems holds significant promise for enhancing productivity and transportation efficiency in agricultural operations.","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"25 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144744703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigating the Correlation Between Corrosion-Induced Bolt Head Damage and Preload Loss Using Ultrasonic Testing. 利用超声检测技术研究螺栓腐蚀损伤与预紧力损失的关系。

IF 3.5 3区综合性期刊

Sensors Pub Date : 2025-07-19 DOI: 10.3390/s25144491

Jay Shah, Hao Wang, Abhijit Mukherjee

{"title":"Investigating the Correlation Between Corrosion-Induced Bolt Head Damage and Preload Loss Using Ultrasonic Testing.","authors":"Jay Shah, Hao Wang, Abhijit Mukherjee","doi":"10.3390/s25144491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s25144491","url":null,"abstract":"The integrity of bolted components primarily relies on the quality of interfacial contact, which is achieved by maintaining prescribed bolt torque levels. However, challenges arise from corrosion-induced bolt head damage, potentially compromising the bolt preload, and quantifying such effects remains unanswered. Many studies often compare bolt corrosion's effects to bolt loosening as both affect the interfacial contact stresses to some extent. This technical study aimed to investigate whether a correlation exists between the impact of bolt head damage and the different levels of bolt torque. Guided wave ultrasonic testing (UT) was implemented for this investigation. Laboratory experiments were conducted to monitor the transmission of ultrasonic signals across the bolted interface first during the bolt-tightening process. Once the highest bolt torque was achieved, the process was repeated for a simplified corrosion scenario, simulated by artificially damaging the bolt head in a controlled manner. The analysis focused on studying the transmission of signal energy for both scenarios. The findings revealed different trends for the signal energy transmission during bolt tightening, which are subjective to the inspection frequency. On the contrary, even at an advanced level of bolt head damage corresponding to 16% mass loss, no clear or monotonic trend was observed in the total transmitted energy. While the total energy remained relatively stable across all inspection frequencies, distinct waveform changes, such as energy redistribution and the emergence of additional wave packets, were observed. The findings emphasize the need for more advanced waveform-based analysis techniques to detect and interpret subtle changes caused by bolt degradation.","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"25 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144744689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multi-Modal AI for Multi-Label Retinal Disease Prediction Using OCT and Fundus Images: A Hybrid Approach. 基于OCT和眼底图像的多模态人工智能多标签视网膜疾病预测：一种混合方法。

IF 3.5 3区综合性期刊

Sensors Pub Date : 2025-07-19 DOI: 10.3390/s25144492

Amina Zedadra, Mahmoud Yassine Salah-Salah, Ouarda Zedadra, Antonio Guerrieri

{"title":"Multi-Modal AI for Multi-Label Retinal Disease Prediction Using OCT and Fundus Images: A Hybrid Approach.","authors":"Amina Zedadra, Mahmoud Yassine Salah-Salah, Ouarda Zedadra, Antonio Guerrieri","doi":"10.3390/s25144492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s25144492","url":null,"abstract":"Ocular diseases can significantly affect vision and overall quality of life, with diagnosis often being time-consuming and dependent on expert interpretation. While previous computer-aided diagnostic systems have focused primarily on medical imaging, this paper proposes VisionTrack, a multi-modal AI system for predicting multiple retinal diseases, including Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD), Diabetic Macular Edema (DME), drusen, Central Serous Retinopathy (CSR), and Macular Hole (MH), as well as normal cases. The proposed framework integrates a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for image-based feature extraction, a Graph Neural Network (GNN) to model complex relationships among clinical risk factors, and a Large Language Model (LLM) to process patient medical reports. By leveraging diverse data sources, VisionTrack improves prediction accuracy and offers a more comprehensive assessment of retinal health. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of this hybrid system, highlighting its potential for early detection, risk assessment, and personalized ophthalmic care. Experiments were conducted using two publicly available datasets, RetinalOCT and RFMID, which provide diverse retinal imaging modalities: OCT images and fundus images, respectively. The proposed multi-modal AI system demonstrated strong performance in multi-label disease prediction. On the RetinalOCT dataset, the model achieved an accuracy of 0.980, F1-score of 0.979, recall of 0.978, and precision of 0.979. Similarly, on the RFMID dataset, it reached an accuracy of 0.989, F1-score of 0.881, recall of 0.866, and precision of 0.897. These results confirm the robustness, reliability, and generalization capability of the proposed approach across different imaging modalities.","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"25 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144744779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Target Approaching Control Under a GPS-Denied Environment with Range-Only Measurements. 基于距离测量的gps拒绝环境下的目标逼近控制。

IF 3.5 3区综合性期刊

Sensors Pub Date : 2025-07-19 DOI: 10.3390/s25144497

Bin Chen, Zhenghao Jing, Yinke Dou, Yan Chen, Liwei Kou

引用次数: 0

SmartBoot: Real-Time Monitoring of Patient Activity via Remote Edge Computing Technologies. SmartBoot：通过远程边缘计算技术实时监测患者活动。

IF 3.5 3区综合性期刊

Sensors Pub Date : 2025-07-19 DOI: 10.3390/s25144490

Gozde Cay, Myeounggon Lee, David G Armstrong, Bijan Najafi

{"title":"SmartBoot: Real-Time Monitoring of Patient Activity via Remote Edge Computing Technologies.","authors":"Gozde Cay, Myeounggon Lee, David G Armstrong, Bijan Najafi","doi":"10.3390/s25144490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s25144490","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a serious complication of diabetes, associated with high recurrence and amputation rates. Adherence to offloading devices is critical for wound healing but remains inadequately monitored in real-world settings. This study evaluates the SmartBoot edge-computing system-a wearable, real-time remote monitoring solution integrating an inertial measurement unit (Sensoria Core) and smartwatch-for its validity in quantifying cadence and step count as digital biomarkers of frailty, and for detecting adherence. Twelve healthy adults wore two types of removable offloading boots (Össur and Foot Defender) during walking tasks at varied speeds; system outputs were validated against a gold-standard wearable and compared with staff-recorded adherence logs. Additionally, user experience was assessed using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) in healthy participants (n = 12) and patients with DFU (n = 81). The SmartBoot demonstrated high accuracy in cadence and step count across conditions (bias < 5.5%), with an adherence detection accuracy of 96% (Össur) and 97% (Foot Defender). TAM results indicated strong user acceptance and perceived ease of use across both cohorts. These findings support the SmartBoot system's potential as a valid, scalable solution for real-time remote monitoring of adherence and mobility in DFU management. Further clinical validation in ongoing studies involving DFU patients is underway.","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"25 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144744846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of Surface Isolation Layers on High-Voltage Tolerance of Small-Pitch 3D Pixel Sensors. 表面隔离层对小间距三维像素传感器高压容限的影响

IF 3.5 3区综合性期刊

Sensors Pub Date : 2025-07-18 DOI: 10.3390/s25144478

Jixing Ye, Gian-Franco Dalla Betta

{"title":"Influence of Surface Isolation Layers on High-Voltage Tolerance of Small-Pitch 3D Pixel Sensors.","authors":"Jixing Ye, Gian-Franco Dalla Betta","doi":"10.3390/s25144478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s25144478","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, 3D pixel sensors have been a topic of increasing interest within the High Energy Physics community. Due to their inherent radiation hardness, demonstrated up to a fluence of 3×1016 1 MeV equivalent neutrons per square centimeter, 3D pixel sensors have been used to equip the innermost tracking layers of the ATLAS and CMS detector upgrades at the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider. Additionally, the next generation of vertex detectors calls for precise measurement of charged particle timing at the pixel level. Owing to their fast response times, 3D sensors present themselves as a viable technology for these challenging applications. Nevertheless, both radiation hardness and fast timing require 3D sensors to be operated with high bias voltages on the order of ∼150 V and beyond. Special attention should therefore be devoted to avoiding problems that could cause premature electrical breakdown, which could limit sensor performance. In this paper, TCAD simulations are used to gain deep insight into the impact of surface isolation layers (i.e., p-stop and p-spray) used by different vendors on the high-voltage tolerance of small-pitch 3D sensors. Results relevant to different geometrical configurations and irradiation scenarios are presented. The advantages and disadvantages of the available technologies are discussed, offering guidance for design optimization. Experimentalmeasurements from existing samples based on both isolation techniques show good agreement with simulated breakdown voltages, thereby validating the simulation approach.","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"25 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144744683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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