IF 3.4 3区综合性期刊

Sensors Pub Date : 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.3390/s25123812

Leonardo Almeida, Rafael Teixeira, Gabriele Baldoni, Mário Antunes, Rui L Aguiar

{"title":"Federated Learning for a Dynamic Edge: A Modular and Resilient Approach.","authors":"Leonardo Almeida, Rafael Teixeira, Gabriele Baldoni, Mário Antunes, Rui L Aguiar","doi":"10.3390/s25123812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s25123812","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing demand for distributed machine learning like Federated Learning (FL) in dynamic, resource-constrained edge environments, 5G/6G networks, and the proliferation of mobile and edge devices, presents significant challenges related to fault tolerance, elasticity, and communication efficiency. This paper addresses these issues by proposing a novel modular and resilient FL framework. In this context, resilience refers to the system's ability to maintain operation and performance despite disruptions. The framework is built on decoupled modules handling core FL functionalities, allowing flexibility in integrating various algorithms, communication protocols, and resilience strategies. Results demonstrate the framework's ability to integrate different communication protocols and FL paradigms, showing that protocol choice significantly impacts performance, particularly in high-volume communication scenarios, with Zenoh and MQTT exhibiting lower overhead than Kafka in tested configurations, and Zenoh emerging as the most efficient communication option. Additionally, the framework successfully maintained model training and achieved convergence even when simulating probabilistic worker failures, achieving a MCC of 0.9453.","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"25 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144508173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A New Approach to ORB Acceleration Using a Modern Low-Power Microcontroller. 利用现代低功耗微控制器实现ORB加速的新方法。

IF 3.4 3区综合性期刊

Sensors Pub Date : 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.3390/s25123796

Jorge Aráez, Santiago Real, Alvaro Araujo

{"title":"A New Approach to ORB Acceleration Using a Modern Low-Power Microcontroller.","authors":"Jorge Aráez, Santiago Real, Alvaro Araujo","doi":"10.3390/s25123796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s25123796","url":null,"abstract":"A key component in visual Simultaneous Location And Mapping (SLAM) systems is feature extraction and description. One common algorithm that accomplishes this purpose is Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF (ORB), which is used in state-of-the-art SLAM systems like ORB-SLAM. While it is faster than other feature detectors like SIFT (340 times faster) or SURF (15 times faster), it is one of the most computationally expensive algorithms in these types of systems. This problem has commonly been solved by delegating this task to hardware-accelerated solutions like FPGAs or ASICs. While this solution is useful, it incurs a greater economical cost. This work proposes a solution for feature extraction and description based on a modern low-power mainstream microcontroller. The execution time of ORB, along with power consumption, are analyzed in relation to the number of feature points and internal variables. The results show a maximum of 0.6 s for ORB execution in 1241 × 376 resolution images, which is significantly slower than other hardware-accelerated solutions but remains viable for certain applications. Additionally, the power consumption ranges between 30 and 40 milliwatts, which is lower than FPGA solutions. This work also allows for future optimizations that will improve the results of this paper.","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"25 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144508123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effective Denoising of Multi-Source Partial Discharge Signals via an Improved Power Spectrum Segmentation Method Based on Normalized Spectral Kurtosis. 基于归一化谱峰度的改进功率谱分割方法对多源局部放电信号的有效降噪。

IF 3.4 3区综合性期刊

Sensors Pub Date : 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.3390/s25123798

Baojia Chen, Kaiwen Li, Yipeng Guo

引用次数: 0

Pipe Resistance Loss Calculation in Industry 4.0: An Innovative Framework Based on TransKAN and Generative AI. 工业4.0中的管道阻力损失计算：基于TransKAN和生成式人工智能的创新框架。

IF 3.4 3区综合性期刊

Sensors Pub Date : 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.3390/s25123803

Qinyu Zhang, Huiying Liu, Zhike Liu, Yongkang Liu, Yuhan Gong, Chonghao Wang

{"title":"Pipe Resistance Loss Calculation in Industry 4.0: An Innovative Framework Based on TransKAN and Generative AI.","authors":"Qinyu Zhang, Huiying Liu, Zhike Liu, Yongkang Liu, Yuhan Gong, Chonghao Wang","doi":"10.3390/s25123803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s25123803","url":null,"abstract":"As the demand for deep mineral resource extraction intensifies, optimizing pipeline transportation systems in backfill mining has become increasingly critical. Thus, reducing energy loss while ensuring the filling effect becomes crucial for improving process efficiency. Owing to variations among mines, accurately calculating pipeline resistance loss remains challenging, resulting in significant inaccuracies. The rapid development of Industry 4.0 provides intelligent and data-driven optimization ideas for this challenge. This study introduces a novel pipeline resistance loss prediction framework integrating generative artificial intelligence with a TransKAN model. This study employs generative artificial intelligence to produce physically constrained augmented data, integrates the KAN network's B-spline basis functions for nonlinear feature extraction, and incorporates the Transformer architecture to capture spatio-temporal correlations in pipeline pressure sequences, enabling precise resistance loss calculation. The experimental data collected from pipeline pressure sensors provides empirical validation for the model. Compared with traditional mathematical formulas, BP neural networks, SVMs, and random forests, the proposed model demonstrates superior performance, achieving an R2 value of 0.9644, an RMSE of 0.7126, and an MAE of 0.4703.","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"25 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144508247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quality Assessment of High-Speed Motion Blur Images for Mobile Automated Tunnel Inspection. 移动隧道自动检测中高速运动模糊图像的质量评价。

IF 3.4 3区综合性期刊

Sensors Pub Date : 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.3390/s25123804

Chulhee Lee, Donggyou Kim, Dongku Kim

{"title":"Quality Assessment of High-Speed Motion Blur Images for Mobile Automated Tunnel Inspection.","authors":"Chulhee Lee, Donggyou Kim, Dongku Kim","doi":"10.3390/s25123804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s25123804","url":null,"abstract":"This study quantitatively evaluates the impact of motion blur-caused by high-speed movement-on image quality in a mobile tunnel scanning system (MTSS). To simulate movement at speeds of up to 70 km/h, a high-speed translational motion panel was developed. Images were captured under conditions compliant with the ISO 12233 international standard, and image quality was assessed using two metrics: blurred edge width (BEW) and the spatial frequency response at 50% contrast (MTF50). Experiments were conducted under varying shutter speeds, lighting conditions (15,000 lx and 40,000 lx), and motion speeds. The results demonstrated that increased motion speed increased BEW and decreased MTF50, indicating greater blur intensity and reduced image sharpness. Two-way analysis of variance and t-tests confirmed that shutter and motion speed significantly affected image quality. Although higher illumination levels partially improved, they also occasionally led to reduced sharpness. Field validation using MTSS in actual tunnel environments demonstrated that BEW and MTF50 effectively captured blur variations by scanning direction. This study proposes BEW and MTF50 as reliable indicators for quantitatively evaluating motion blur in tunnel inspection imagery and suggests their potential to optimize MTSS operation and improve the accuracy of automated defect detection.","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"25 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144508251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Feature Extraction for Low-Speed Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on Spectral Amplitude Modulation and Wavelet Threshold Denoising. 基于谱调幅和小波阈值去噪的低速轴承故障特征提取。

IF 3.4 3区综合性期刊

Sensors Pub Date : 2025-06-17 DOI: 10.3390/s25123782

Xiaojia Zu, Wenhao Sun, Yuncheng Guo, Yukai Zhao, Haihong Tang, Xue Jiang, Peng Chen

引用次数: 0

Quantitative Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Hydrogen Transmission Pipelines Based on Weak Magnetic Detection. 基于弱磁检测的输氢管道力学性能定量评价。

IF 3.4 3区综合性期刊

Sensors Pub Date : 2025-06-17 DOI: 10.3390/s25123778

Siyang Wang, Xianglong Sun, Xingyuan Miao, Haimu Ye

{"title":"Quantitative Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Hydrogen Transmission Pipelines Based on Weak Magnetic Detection.","authors":"Siyang Wang, Xianglong Sun, Xingyuan Miao, Haimu Ye","doi":"10.3390/s25123778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s25123778","url":null,"abstract":"With the rapid development of the hydrogen energy industry, long-distance hydrogen transportation based on natural gas pipelines has emerged as a crucial technique. However, exposure to a hydrogen environment can lead to the degradation of pipeline mechanical properties, resulting in hydrogen corrosion, which may increase the risk of pipeline failure. Consequently, it is crucial to evaluate the mechanical properties of pipeline steel under a hydrogen environment to ensure pipeline safety. In this paper, hydrogen corrosion experiments for X80 pipeline steel are carried out with varying hydrogen charging times. Through tensile fracture experiments and weak magnetic detection technology, the effects of defects and hydrogen concentration on the stress-strain characteristics and magnetic signal characteristics of X80 steel are investigated. Based on the correlation level, the quantitative relationships between hydrogen concentration, magnetic signal characteristics, and mechanical properties are established, and the sparrow search algorithm (SSA) is utilized to modify these quantitative relationships. The results indicate that with the increase in defect depth, the magnetic signal characteristics gradually increase. With the increase in defect diameter, these parameters gradually decrease. The modified quantitative relationships provide the accurate assessment of the ultimate bearing capacity, yield strength, and ultimate tensile strength, with average relative errors of 7.91%, 3.15%, and 2.04%, respectively. This study provides a theoretical basis for ensuring the safe transportation of hydrogen transmission pipelines.","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"25 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144508252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Augmented and Virtual Reality for Improving Safety in Railway Infrastructure Monitoring and Maintenance. 增强和虚拟现实技术在铁路基础设施监控和维护中的应用。

IF 3.4 3区综合性期刊

Sensors Pub Date : 2025-06-17 DOI: 10.3390/s25123772

Marina Ricci, Nicola Mosca, Maria Di Summa

引用次数: 0

Carbon Nanotube Elastic Fabric Motion Tape Sensors for Low Back Movement Characterization. 用于下背部运动表征的碳纳米管弹性织物运动带传感器。

IF 3.4 3区综合性期刊

Sensors Pub Date : 2025-06-17 DOI: 10.3390/s25123768

Elijah Wyckoff, Sara P Gombatto, Yasmin Velazquez, Job Godino, Kevin Patrick, Emilia Farcas, Kenneth J Loh

{"title":"Carbon Nanotube Elastic Fabric Motion Tape Sensors for Low Back Movement Characterization.","authors":"Elijah Wyckoff, Sara P Gombatto, Yasmin Velazquez, Job Godino, Kevin Patrick, Emilia Farcas, Kenneth J Loh","doi":"10.3390/s25123768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s25123768","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring posture and movement accurately and efficiently is essential for both physical therapy and athletic training evaluation and interventions. Motion Tape (MT), a self-adhesive wearable skin-strain sensor made of piezoresistive graphene nanosheets (GNS), has demonstrated promise in capturing low back posture and movements. However, to address some of its limitations, this work explores alternative materials by replacing GNS with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). This study aimed to characterize the electromechanical properties of MWCNT-based MT. Cyclic load tests for different peak tensile strains ranging from 1% to 10% were performed on MWCNT-MT made with an aqueous ink of 2% MWCNT. Additional tests to examine load rate sensitivity and fatigue were also conducted. After characterizing the properties of MWCNT-MT, a human subject study with 10 participants was designed to test its ability to capture different postures and movements. Sets of six sensors were made from each material (GNS and MWCNT) and applied in pairs at three levels along each side of the lumbar spine. To record movement of the lower back, all participants performed forward flexion, left and right bending, and left and right rotation movements. The results showed that MWCNT-MT exceeded GNS-MT with respect to consistency of signal stability even when strain limits were surpassed. In addition, both types of MT could assess lower back movements.","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"25 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144508140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Research on a Visually Assisted Efficient Blind-Guiding System and an Autonomous Shopping Guidance Robot Arm Adapted to the Complex Environment of Farmers' Markets. 适应农贸市场复杂环境的视觉辅助高效盲导系统及自主导购机械臂研究。

IF 3.4 3区综合性期刊

Sensors Pub Date : 2025-06-17 DOI: 10.3390/s25123785

Mei Liu, Yunhua Chen, Jinjun Rao, Wojciech Giernacki, Zhiming Wang, Jinbo Chen

{"title":"Research on a Visually Assisted Efficient Blind-Guiding System and an Autonomous Shopping Guidance Robot Arm Adapted to the Complex Environment of Farmers' Markets.","authors":"Mei Liu, Yunhua Chen, Jinjun Rao, Wojciech Giernacki, Zhiming Wang, Jinbo Chen","doi":"10.3390/s25123785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s25123785","url":null,"abstract":"It is great challenge for visually impaired (VI) people to shop in narrow and crowded farmers' markets. However, there is no research related to guiding them in farmers' markets worldwide. This paper proposes the Radio-Frequency-Visual Tag Positioning and Automatic Detection (RFTPAD) algorithm to quickly build a high-precision navigation map. It combines the advantages of visual beacons and radio-frequency signal beacons to accurately calculate the guide robot's coordinates to correct its positioning error and simultaneously perform the task of mapping and detecting information. Furthermore, this paper proposes the A*-Fixed-Route Navigation (A*-FRN) algorithm, which controls the robot to navigate along fixed routes and prevents it from making frequent detours in crowded aisles. Finally, this study equips the guide robot with a flexible robotic arm and proposes the Intelligent-Robotic-Arm-Guided Shopping (IRAGS) algorithm to guide VI people to quickly select fresh products or guide merchants to pack and weigh products. Multiple experiments conducted in a 1600 m2 market demonstrate that compared with the classic mapping method, the accuracy of RFTPAD is improved by 23.9%. What is more, compared with the general navigation method, the driving trajectory length of A*-FRN is 23.3% less. Furthermore, the efficiency of guiding VI people to select products by a robotic arm is 100% higher than that through a finger to search and touch.","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"25 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144508258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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