Sensors最新文献

{"title":"A Low-Cost Monocular Video-Based Framework for Bilateral Plantar Load Estimation During Treadmill Walking.","authors":"Yanmei Jiao, Gan Huang, Xuan Huang, Yuan Bian, Bo Wu","doi":"10.3390/s26196307","DOIUrl":"10.3390/s26196307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plantar load is an important biomechanical measure in gait analysis, rehabilitation assessment, and human movement evaluation. However, conventional measurement systems, including instrumented insoles and laboratory-based force measurement devices, rely on dedicated sensing hardware and may limit the accessibility of continuous gait monitoring. This study proposes a low-cost, monocular video-based framework for estimating bilateral plantar loads from pose-derived biomechanical features. As an initial application setting, we focused on treadmill walking, where a stationary camera can capture repeated body motion under consistent recording conditions, allowing the relationship between video-derived biomechanical features and plantar loading to be investigated before extending the framework to more variable environments. Video and reference plantar-load data from 14 healthy adults during treadmill walking at 3 km/h were temporally aligned, yielding 50,464 frame-level observations. Body landmarks estimated using MediaPipe Pose were used to construct posture-related, motion-related, and short-term temporal features. Four machine-learning regressors were evaluated, with fold-specific Top-60 feature selection applied to the morphology-excluded feature configuration. ExtraTrees achieved the highest mean performance under blocked temporal five-fold cross-validation, with R2 values of 0.762 ± 0.068 and 0.772 ± 0.073 for the left- and right-foot loads, respectively. Feature-group ablation showed that removing three static morphology variables had only a small effect on blocked-validation performance. Under zero-shot leave-one-subject-out validation, the corresponding mean R2 values were -0.252 ± 0.592 and -0.180 ± 0.573, indicating limited generalization to previously unseen participants. Using the initial 30 s of reference-load data for subject-specific supervised calibration improved prediction performance on the matched post-calibration interval. Regularized temporal, scale, and offset calibration increased the mean R2 values from -0.233 to 0.358 for the left-foot target and from -0.141 to 0.444 for the right-foot target. These findings demonstrate the potential of monocular video-derived biomechanical features for bilateral plantar-load estimation during controlled treadmill walking. Short supervised calibration improved average prediction performance for unseen participants, enabling subsequent video-based estimation without continuous wearable-sensor measurements.</p>","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"26 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13667742/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149196325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hierarchical Manipulation Skill Learning for Long-Horizon Robotic Manipulation Based on Residual Finite Scalar Quantization.","authors":"Guanghui Ma, Jiahui Guo, Xinhua Tang, Huaidong Zhou, Yongfeng Rong","doi":"10.3390/s26196310","DOIUrl":"10.3390/s26196310","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leveraging discrete sequence prediction for manipulation skill learning has demonstrated immense potential for complex long-horizon tasks. However, guaranteeing precise and robust execution under complex scenarios remains a core challenge for efficient autonomous robotic operation. This demands execution policies capable of generating precise and efficient action sequences based on perceptual feedback. To address the loss of fine-grained action details induced by action discretization and the difficulty in preserving long-horizon temporal dependencies in long-horizon tasks, this work proposed a hierarchical manipulation skill learning method based on residual finite scalar quantization (RFSQ). At the action representation level, a robust RFSQ with an adaptive linear scaling mechanism was introduced. It effectively mitigated residual decay in multi-level action quantization and realized accurate discrete reconstruction of continuous action sequences. At the action sequence generation level, a hybrid hierarchical architecture integrating Mamba2 and Transformer was constructed. Mamba2 efficiently captured temporal dependencies among actions, while Transformer precisely modeled fine-grained residual dependencies across action quantization hierarchies. A multimodal perception fusion module was further incorporated to strengthen instruction-semantic alignment on language-instructed tasks. A series of experiments were conducted on the LIBERO and Meta-World simulation environments. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method achieved outstanding performance in multi-task and long-horizon task learning.</p>","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"26 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13667561/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149196509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive Graph Learning with Persona-Aware Attribution for Event-Resilient Metro Passenger Flow Prediction.","authors":"Ahmed Raza, Guangjie Liu, Jie Cheng, Weiqian Wu, Muhammad Usman Shoukat","doi":"10.3390/s26196316","DOIUrl":"10.3390/s26196316","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urban rail passenger flow forecasting, based on large-scale automatic fare collection (AFC) sensor networks, is typically evaluated on ordinary days, yet operators most need accurate predictions during event days. The AFC infrastructure comprises 191 sensor-equipped stations with turnstile transducers that generate 95.7 million discrete sensing events (inboard/outboard readings) over 57 days, constituting a high-velocity, multimodal spatiotemporal sensor stream. This study presents a topology-driven adaptive graph network (TDAG-Net) for event-day forecasting across a full metro system. The model learns spatial dependencies end-to-end by merging multi-scale temporal convolution with an adaptive graph attention branch through learned gates. An attention long short-term memory (LSTM) then decodes 60-min forecasts for all 191 stations at once. A ticket-persona module reads 25 fare channels as four rider types to decompose demand surges by traveler profile. The proposed model reduces root mean square error (RMSE) by 9.29% and achieves the best performance on 22 flagged event days. Ablation reveals that adaptive adjacency is the dominant component and reduces horizon decay to 17.3% from 33.0%. Counter to expectation, persona-specific graphs are 98.55% identical, and splitting inputs by rider type degrades accuracy by 10.36% RMSE. On event peaks, the tourist/visitor share rises from 5.7% to 16.5%, indicating that event-day crowd management should prioritize unfamiliar riders over regular commuters.</p>","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"26 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13667504/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149196377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on Cryogenic Technology for Phased Array Feed Receivers with Multiple Refrigerators.","authors":"Kai Wang, Liang Cao, Jun Ma, Hao Yan, Xiao-Fei Li, Jia-Hui Li, Mao-Zheng Chen","doi":"10.3390/s26196303","DOIUrl":"10.3390/s26196303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Similar to cryogenic receivers equipped in radio telescopes, Phased Array Feed (PAF) receivers can also achieve noise temperature improvements by refrigerating key components. This paper focuses on a cryogenic PAF receiver with a larger refrigeration capacity requirement, adopting a technical approach of full-array refrigeration and employing a cryogenic system consisting of multiple refrigerators for experimental investigation. The initial design adopted a structure where two M350 refrigerators were jointly used for refrigeration, and the measured temperature at the Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) mounting structure was only 22.3 K. Subsequently, the individual refrigeration performance of each refrigerator and the actual refrigeration power of each cold stage were tested and analyzed, and an improved partition design was proposed. In this design, the original LNAs and their mounting structure were divided into two equal parts, each independently refrigerated by one refrigerator. The improved partition design eliminated the thermal coupling and thermal back-flow in the common structure of the original joint refrigeration scheme, while halving the original thermal load and distributing it independently to each refrigerator, thereby enhancing the refrigeration efficiency of the entire cryogenic system. With this improved design, the measured temperatures of the two separated LNA mounting structures reached 15.2 K and 18.2 K, respectively, both achieving the target below 20 K. The above research systematically verifies the impact of structural differences on refrigeration performance in multi-refrigerator PAF cryogenic designs, providing a feasible approach for improving receiver noise performance, while also offering valuable guidance for the design of cryogenic systems composed of multiple refrigerators under large refrigeration capacity requirements.</p>","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"26 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13667527/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149196790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gamified IMU Sensor-Based System for Training Head-Orientation Tasks in Healthy Teenagers: Event-Driven Architecture and Randomised Pilot Feasibility Study.","authors":"Andrea Calleja-Caballero, Héctor Sánchez San-Blas, Josué Prieto Prieto, Fátima Pérez-Robledo, André Filipe Sales Mendes","doi":"10.3390/s26196315","DOIUrl":"10.3390/s26196315","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sensor systems integrated with gamified environments have increasingly been incorporated into the monitoring of musculoskeletal disorders. This study evaluates the operational feasibility of a motion-capture system based on an inertial measurement unit for training head-orientation tasks. Because a single sensor is placed on the head without thoracic fixation, the system estimates head orientation relative to space rather than isolated cervical motion. The event-driven architecture is organised into five logical layers and uses an asynchronous publish-subscribe bus for data acquisition, sensor fusion through the Madgwick filter, and local rendering in WebGL. A randomised pilot study involving 22 teenagers allocated to two parallel groups (11 per group) was conducted over eight weeks (three sessions per week). Participants were assigned to either the gamified system or a comparable active cervical exercise program. No participant-reported connectivity or hardware events prevented session completion. Self-reported adherence was 100%, and no adverse events were reported. Exploratory analyses showed that both groups reduced task completion time, whereas the reduction in time spent outside the target trajectory was statistically significant only in the experimental group; the between-group comparison of pre-post changes was not statistically significant. These findings indicate the system's operational feasibility in healthy teenagers.</p>","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"26 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13667489/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149196495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deadlock-Resistant Safety-Critical Mobile Robot Navigation Using Guiding Vector Fields and Model Predictive Control.","authors":"Liang Gao, Yongfeng Gao, Xinhui Zhao, Xuefeng Li, Mingde He, Yuhu Wu","doi":"10.3390/s26196304","DOIUrl":"10.3390/s26196304","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper investigates the safe navigation of mobile robots in complex-static-obstacle environments and proposes a deadlock-resistant navigation control method. First, convex polygonal obstacles are modeled using the Log-Sum-Exp (LSE) function. Goal and obstacle avoidance guiding vector fields (GVFs) are then constructed, and an obstacle-bypassing method is developed using the goal direction and local obstacle geometry. The goal and obstacle avoidance GVFs are further blended to construct a navigation GVF, for which a regional sufficient condition excluding complete cancellation is established. On this basis, a safe robot navigation controller is designed by combining the navigation GVF with a model predictive control (MPC) framework incorporating discrete-time control barrier function (DCBF) constraints. We also give conditions for obstacle avoidance throughout each sampling interval under bounded one-step position prediction errors. Numerical simulations show that, in the tested scenarios, wherethe tested artificial potential field (APF) and conventional MPC-DCBF configurations fail to complete the navigation task, the proposed methodcan bypass obstacles and reach the goal. Hardware experiments further validate the effectiveness of the proposed method on a physical robot platform in a preconfigured environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"26 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13667760/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149196583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Fluid-Mechanical Interfaces (FMIs) for the Transmission of Oscillations in Hydraulic Fluid.","authors":"Lorenzo Giunta, Jingqi Liu, Min Pan, Vimal Dhokia, Chris Bowen, James Roscow","doi":"10.3390/s26196302","DOIUrl":"10.3390/s26196302","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates fluid-mechanical interfaces (FMIs) for transmitting pressure oscillations in a hydraulic fluid to a piezoelectric stack, with the aim of supporting self-powered sensing and energy harvesting in hydraulic systems. A hydraulic test rig was employed in which a pump, switching valve, pressure sensors, and a piezoelectric stack were coupled through stainless-steel diaphragms of varying thickness (0.10 to 0.80 mm, 48 mm diameter). The effect of maximum pump pressure (20-50 bar) and valve switching frequency (1-50 Hz) on force transmission was evaluated, and diaphragm integrity was assessed after testing. The results demonstrate that diaphragm thickness strongly influences transmissivity under cyclic hydraulic loading. For the stainless-steel diaphragms tested, a low thickness of 0.25 mm provided a favourable balance between safety and force transmission, performing essentially as well as the thinnest 0.10 mm diaphragm while offering improved mechanical robustness. Thicker diaphragms up to 0.80 mm remained viable for sensing applications where maximal transmissivity is less critical. The findings suggest that FMI geometry can be tuned to improve energy transfer to embedded transducers while maintaining hydraulic integrity. Further work is needed to assess long-term durability under extended cyclic loading and to adapt the design for higher-pressure applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"26 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13667683/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149196534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cybersecurity of Smart Sensing Insole Systems: A Threat Modelling Approach to Understanding Security Vulnerabilities.","authors":"Padideh Choobdar, Nigel Davies, Emma D Wilson, Steve Hodges, Edward B Jude, Matthew Bradbury, Neil D Reeves","doi":"10.3390/s26196298","DOIUrl":"10.3390/s26196298","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Smart sensing insoles are emerging medical IoT devices used primarily in diabetes care to monitor foot pressure, temperature and gait for preventing diabetic foot ulcers and lower-limb amputation. Despite growing healthcare use, the cybersecurity threats to these systems have received limited systematic analysis in the literature. This study aimed to provide a detailed threat modelling analysis of smart insole systems. The study developed a representative smart insole system architecture using public information, the literature, and manufacturer input. A data flow diagram mapped devices, processes, data stores, data flows, and trust boundaries across sensor, edge/mobile, cloud and clinician zones. Potential cybersecurity threats were analysed using STRIDE, MITRE ATT&CK mapping and attack trees. The modelled analysis identified potential threats across all STRIDE categories: spoofing, tampering, repudiation, information disclosure, denial of service and elevation of privilege. Three attacker goals were modelled: stealing health data, reducing trust in the technology and inflicting patient harm. Key modelled threats include BLE interception, weak authentication, data tampering, service disruption, log deletion and manipulation of clinical outputs. Commercial systems varied substantially in their security features. The modelled findings show that cybersecurity threats to smart insoles extend beyond data privacy to include threats to patient safety. Disrupted alerts, altered pressure data or unavailable monitoring could delay clinical action and increase diabetic foot ulcer and amputation risk. The study highlights the need for secure-by-design systems, including BLE encryption, strong authentication, audit logging and clearer regulatory/procurement standards.</p>","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"26 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13667700/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149196418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Spatiotemporal Consistency-Enhanced Tightly Coupled LiDAR-Visual-Inertial SLAM Method for Complex Degraded Environments.","authors":"Chenxi Li, Chuanwei Zhang, Jiazhong Li, Panjie Lei, Sidong Yang, Jiahao Li","doi":"10.3390/s26196301","DOIUrl":"10.3390/s26196301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tightly coupled LiDAR-visual-inertial simultaneous localization and mapping (simultaneous localization and mapping, SLAM) systems are prone to observation distortion, weak state observability, and cumulative drift under weak-texture conditions, dynamic illumination, geometric degradation, multisensor time asynchrony, and long-term operation. To address these issues, we propose a spatiotemporal consistency enhancement method. The method is built upon the sequentially updated Error-State Iterated Kalman Filter (ESIKF) framework of FAST-LIVO2. First, using the Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) clock as the unified reference, the LiDAR-IMU and Camera-IMU time offsets are jointly estimated online, and the estimates are fed back to point-cloud motion compensation and image reprojection. Second, through joint parameterization of vignetting, exposure time, and the camera response function, pixel intensity is inversely mapped to scene irradiance, while scale normalization and physical feasibility constraints are introduced to improve the identifiability of photometric parameters. Third, a LiDAR health indicator is established from the spectrum of a scale-normalized Hessian matrix, and direction-selective kinematic virtual observations are introduced under degeneration when motion is in a steady state and the innovation passes the gating threshold. Finally, low-frequency loop-closure constraints are generated using a ring-sector descriptor, rotation-invariant matching, and point-cloud geometric verification, while small-residual gating and progressive correction are adopted to reduce violation of the small-error assumption of ESIKF. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves an overall RMSE of 0.379 m on the self-built visual and geometric degradation datasets; on the building-corridor loop-closure sequence, the average ATE decreases from 0.188 m with FAST-LIVO2 to 0.080 m; and in the unified ablation experiment, the average RMSE of the full system decreases from 0.153 m with FAST-LIVO2 to 0.117 m, a reduction of 23.5%. These results indicate that the enhancement modules are complementary in improving multisource observation consistency, degradation robustness, and long-term drift suppression.</p>","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"26 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13667629/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149196286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FEDCODE: A Framework and Experimental Study of Model-Update Compression for Communication-Efficient Federated Learning.","authors":"Emanuel Guberović, Igor Čavrak","doi":"10.3390/s26196297","DOIUrl":"10.3390/s26196297","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Federated learning trains shared models without centralizing local data, but repeated model exchange can become a bottleneck in bandwidth-, energy-, and latency-constrained edge systems. This paper presents FEDCODE, a communication-aware federated learning simulation framework for reproducible evaluation of update representations and compression methods with explicit accounting of communication volume and runtime under controlled training configurations. Experiments on MNIST, CIFAR-10, and LEAF-based federated datasets show that update representation, quantization scale, and coder choice strongly affect payload size, while lightweight integer and entropy coding can substantially reduce communication. Comparisons under a matched protocol with established FL compression methods show favorable communication-quality trade-offs for the evaluated FEDCODE delta-coding configurations. Adaptive coder-parameter tuning provides automatic parameter selection but does not consistently outperform strong fixed configurations. We further propose Coder-Aware Adaptive Delta Scaling (CAADS), which combines update statistics, drift in update magnitude, and coder-specific code-length estimation to adapt the quantization scale during training. CAADS adjusts the communication-quality trade-off: conservative settings preserve model performance, whereas aggressive scaling further reduces payload at the cost of larger quality degradation. Additional experiments on edge devices show that end-to-end compression benefits depend on device capability and network bandwidth. Overall, effective federated learning compression requires joint consideration of payload, model quality, codec cost, and network conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"26 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13667620/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149196438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}