Sensors最新文献_第6页

Fault Detection and Identification in the Doubled Attitude and Heading Reference System (AHRS).

IF 3.4 3区综合性期刊

Sensors Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.3390/s25051603

Grzegorz Kopecki, Bogusław Dołęga, Paweł Rzucidło

引用次数: 0

Time to First Fix Robustness of Global Navigation Satellite Systems: Comparison Study.

IF 3.4 3区综合性期刊

Sensors Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.3390/s25051599

Carlos Hernando-Ramiro, Óscar Gamallo-Palomares, Javier Junquera-Sánchez, José Antonio Gómez-Sánchez

{"title":"Time to First Fix Robustness of Global Navigation Satellite Systems: Comparison Study.","authors":"Carlos Hernando-Ramiro, Óscar Gamallo-Palomares, Javier Junquera-Sánchez, José Antonio Gómez-Sánchez","doi":"10.3390/s25051599","DOIUrl":"10.3390/s25051599","url":null,"abstract":"The time to first fix (TTFF) measures the time elapsed by a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver from switch-on to provision of a navigation solution. This parameter is crucial for applications where a position, within an acceptable error, is needed as soon as possible after turning the device on. The quality of the TTFF depends mainly on the receiver, the environment, and the GNSS satellites employed. Although all four available GNSSs (BeiDou, Galileo, GLONASS, and GPS) are complementary, their constellations and signals differ, providing different TTFF performances. This becomes even more relevant in hostile environments, where the TTFF degrades from nominal results. In this work, the robustness of the signals of the four GNSSs against different levels of harshness and its influence on the TTFF performance are evaluated in a comparative way. For this purpose, a typical scenario for mass-market GNSS applications, involving cold-start conditions, single-frequency signals, and a low-cost receiver, is considered. The results indicate that GPS provides the most robust TTFF, followed by GLONASS (although at the expense of positioning accuracy), BeiDou, and Galileo, in that order.","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"25 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11902767/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integrated Lower Limb Robotic Orthosis with Embedded Highly Oriented Electrospinning Sensors by Fuzzy Logic-Based Gait Phase Detection and Motion Control. 通过基于模糊逻辑的步态相位检测和运动控制，实现带有嵌入式高定向电纺传感器的集成下肢机器人矫形器。

IF 3.4 3区综合性期刊

Sensors Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.3390/s25051606

Ming-Chan Lee, Cheng-Tang Pan, Jhih-Syuan Huang, Zheng-Yu Hoe, Yeong-Maw Hwang

{"title":"Integrated Lower Limb Robotic Orthosis with Embedded Highly Oriented Electrospinning Sensors by Fuzzy Logic-Based Gait Phase Detection and Motion Control.","authors":"Ming-Chan Lee, Cheng-Tang Pan, Jhih-Syuan Huang, Zheng-Yu Hoe, Yeong-Maw Hwang","doi":"10.3390/s25051606","DOIUrl":"10.3390/s25051606","url":null,"abstract":"This study introduces an integrated lower limb robotic orthosis with near-field electrospinning (NFES) piezoelectric sensors and a fuzzy logic-based gait phase detection system to enhance mobility assistance and rehabilitation. The exoskeleton incorporates embedded pressure sensors within the insoles to capture ground reaction forces (GRFs) in real-time. A fuzzy logic inference system processes these signals, classifying gait phases such as stance, initial contact, mid-stance, and pre-swing. The NFES technique enables the fabrication of highly oriented nanofibers, improving sensor sensitivity and reliability. The system employs a master-slave control framework. A Texas Instruments (TI) TMS320F28069 microcontroller (Texas Instruments, Dallas, TX, USA) processes gait data and transmits actuation commands to motors and harmonic drives at the hip and knee joints. The control strategy follows a three-loop methodology, ensuring stable operation. Experimental validation assesses the system's accuracy under various conditions, including no-load and loaded scenarios. Results demonstrate that the exoskeleton accurately detects gait phases, achieving a maximum tracking error of 4.23% in an 8-s gait cycle under no-load conditions and 4.34% when tested with a 68 kg user. Faster motion cycles introduce a maximum error of 6.79% for a 3-s gait cycle, confirming the system's adaptability to dynamic walking conditions. These findings highlight the effectiveness of the developed exoskeleton in interpreting human motion intentions, positioning it as a promising solution for wearable rehabilitation and mobility assistance.","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"25 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11902462/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Machine Learning-Based Computer Vision for Depth Camera-Based Physiotherapy Movement Assessment: A Systematic Review.

IF 3.4 3区综合性期刊

Sensors Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.3390/s25051586

Yafeng Zhou, Fadilla 'Atyka Nor Rashid, Marizuana Mat Daud, Mohammad Kamrul Hasan, Wangmei Chen

{"title":"Machine Learning-Based Computer Vision for Depth Camera-Based Physiotherapy Movement Assessment: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Yafeng Zhou, Fadilla 'Atyka Nor Rashid, Marizuana Mat Daud, Mohammad Kamrul Hasan, Wangmei Chen","doi":"10.3390/s25051586","DOIUrl":"10.3390/s25051586","url":null,"abstract":"Machine learning-based computer vision techniques using depth cameras have shown potential in physiotherapy movement assessment. However, a comprehensive understanding of their implementation, effectiveness, and limitations remains needed. Following PRISMA guidelines, we systematically reviewed studies from 2020 to 2024 across Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Astrophysics Data System to explore recent advancements. From 371 initially identified publications, 18 met the inclusion criteria for detailed analysis. The analysis revealed three primary implementation scenarios: local (50%), clinical (33.4%), and remote (22.3%). Depth cameras, particularly the Kinect series (65.4%), dominated data collection methods. Data processing approaches primarily utilized RGB-D (55.6%) and skeletal data (27.8%), with algorithms split between traditional machine learning (44.4%) and deep learning (41.7%). Key challenges included limited real-world validation, insufficient dataset diversity, and algorithm generalization issues, while machine learning-based computer vision systems demonstrated effectiveness in movement assessment tasks, further research is needed to address validation in clinical settings and improve algorithm generalization. This review provides a foundation for enhancing computer vision-based assessment tools in physiotherapy practice.","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"25 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11902703/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Task Planning of Multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Based on Minimum Cost and Maximum Flow.

IF 3.4 3区综合性期刊

Sensors Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.3390/s25051605

Xiaodong Shi, Xiangping Zhai, Rui Wang, Yi Le, Shuang Fu, Ningzhong Liu

引用次数: 0

Automated Electrical Detection of Proteins for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in an Integrated Microfluidic Chip Using Multi-Frequency Impedance Cytometry and Machine Learning.

IF 3.4 3区综合性期刊

Sensors Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.3390/s25051566

Muhammad Tayyab, Zhongtian Lin, Seyed Reza Mahmoodi, Mehdi Javanmard

{"title":"Automated Electrical Detection of Proteins for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in an Integrated Microfluidic Chip Using Multi-Frequency Impedance Cytometry and Machine Learning.","authors":"Muhammad Tayyab, Zhongtian Lin, Seyed Reza Mahmoodi, Mehdi Javanmard","doi":"10.3390/s25051566","DOIUrl":"10.3390/s25051566","url":null,"abstract":"Proteins can act as suitable biomarkers for the prognosis and diagnosis of certain conditions and can help us gain an understanding of the fundamental processes that occur inside an organism. In this work, we present a fully automated machine learning-assisted label-free method for the electrical detection of proteins in an integrated microfluidic chip using multi-frequency impedance cytometry and off-the-shelf components for realizing an automated and programmable fluid control system. We verify the robustness of our mixing method on our custom microfluidic mixer composed of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) serpentine channels optically using a fluorescent sandwich immunoassay and comparing the results with a commercial benchtop mixer. Salivary IL-6 is a biomarker for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and we have demonstrated that our system can be used for the detection of quantification of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in a solution using the impedance response of beads conjugated with the protein of interest, which passes through the microfluidic chip with reasonable accuracy (96%). Although we have demonstrated the detection and quantification of IL-6, our system can be adapted to any protein of interest with slight modification in the reagents and bead-binding protocols.","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"25 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11902334/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Deep Learning-Emerged Grid Cells-Based Bio-Inspired Navigation in Robotics.

IF 3.4 3区综合性期刊

Sensors Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.3390/s25051576

Arturs Simkuns, Rodions Saltanovs, Maksims Ivanovs, Roberts Kadikis

引用次数: 0

Integration of DSRC, mmWave, and THz Bands in a 6G CR-SDVN.

IF 3.4 3区综合性期刊

Sensors Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.3390/s25051580

Umair Riaz, Muhammad Rafid, Huma Ghafoor, Insoo Koo

{"title":"Integration of DSRC, mmWave, and THz Bands in a 6G CR-SDVN.","authors":"Umair Riaz, Muhammad Rafid, Huma Ghafoor, Insoo Koo","doi":"10.3390/s25051580","DOIUrl":"10.3390/s25051580","url":null,"abstract":"To meet the growing needs of automobile users, and to provide services on demand with stable and efficient paths across different bands amidst this proliferation of users, an integrated approach to the software-defined vehicular network (SDVN) is proposed in this paper. Due to the significant increase in users, DSRC is already considered insufficient to fulfill modern needs. Hence, to enhance network performance and fulfill the growing needs of users in SDVN environments, we implement cognitive technology by integrating the DSRC, mmWave, and THz bands to find stable paths among different nodes. To manage these different technologies, an SDN controller is employed as the main controller (MC), recording the global state of all nodes within the network. Channel sensing is conducted individually for each technology, and sensing results-representing the number of available bands for secondary communications-are updated periodically in the MC. Consequently, the MC manages connections by switching between DSRC, mmWave, and THz bands, providing stable paths between the source and destination. The switching decision is taken by considering both the distance from the MC and the availability of channels among these three technologies. This cognitive integration of bands in SDVN improves performance in terms of network delay, packet delivery, and overhead ratio.","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"25 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11902644/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Flexible Solar-Blind Ultraviolet Photodetector Based on β-Ga₂O₃ Nanowire Channel Bridge Structure: Combining High Responsivity and Strain Stability.

IF 3.4 3区综合性期刊

Sensors Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.3390/s25051563

Jinyun Liu, Tengfei Ma, Huihui Tian, Wuxu Zhang, Zhaopeng Liu, Zhiyi Gao, Baoru Bian, Yuanzhao Wu, Yiwei Liu, Jie Shang, Run-Wei Li

{"title":"Flexible Solar-Blind Ultraviolet Photodetector Based on β-Ga2O3 Nanowire Channel Bridge Structure: Combining High Responsivity and Strain Stability.","authors":"Jinyun Liu, Tengfei Ma, Huihui Tian, Wuxu Zhang, Zhaopeng Liu, Zhiyi Gao, Baoru Bian, Yuanzhao Wu, Yiwei Liu, Jie Shang, Run-Wei Li","doi":"10.3390/s25051563","DOIUrl":"10.3390/s25051563","url":null,"abstract":"Solar-blind ultraviolet photodetectors are gaining attention for their high signal-to-noise ratio and strong anti-interference capabilities. With the rising demand for applications in high-strain environments, such as fire rescue robots and smart firefighting suits, a flexible photodetector that maintains stable performance under bending strain is needed. Current devices struggle to balance strain cycle stability and responsivity. This paper presents a β-Ga2O3 nanowire photodetector on a flexible ultra-thin silicon substrate, fabricated using microchannel engraving and chemical vapor deposition. The device achieves a responsivity of 266 mA W-1 without strain, with less than 5.5% variation in photogenerated current under bending strain (0-60°), and a response time of 360 ms. After 500 cycles of 60° bending, the photogenerated current changes by only 1.5%, demonstrating excellent stability and responsivity, with broad application potential in flame detection and biological sensing.","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"25 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11902719/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Noise Reduction of Steam Trap Based on SSA-VMD Improved Wavelet Threshold Function.

IF 3.4 3区综合性期刊

Sensors Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.3390/s25051573

Shuxun Li, Qian Zhao, Jinwei Liu, Xuedong Zhang, Jianjun Hou

{"title":"Noise Reduction of Steam Trap Based on SSA-VMD Improved Wavelet Threshold Function.","authors":"Shuxun Li, Qian Zhao, Jinwei Liu, Xuedong Zhang, Jianjun Hou","doi":"10.3390/s25051573","DOIUrl":"10.3390/s25051573","url":null,"abstract":"The performance of steam traps plays an important role in the normal operation of steam systems. It also contributes to the improvement of thermal efficiency of steam-using equipment and the rational use of energy. As an important component of the steam system, it is crucial to monitor the state of the steam trap and establish a correlation between the acoustic emission signal and the internal leakage state. However, in actual test environments, the acoustic emission sensor often collects various background noises alongside the valve internal leakage acoustic emission signal. Therefore, to minimize the impact of environmental noise on valve internal leakage identification, it is necessary to preprocess the original acoustic emission signals through noise reduction before identification. To address the above problems, a denoising method based on a sparrow search algorithm, variational modal decomposition, and improved wavelet thresholding is proposed. The sparrow search algorithm, using minimum envelope entropy as the fitness function, optimizes the decomposition level K and the penalty factor α of the variational modal decomposition algorithm. This removes modes with higher entropy in the modal envelopes. Subsequently, wavelet threshold denoising is applied to the remaining modes, and the denoised signal is reconstructed. Validation analysis demonstrates that the combination of SSA-VMD and the improved wavelet threshold function effectively filters out noise from the signal. Compared to traditional thresholding methods, this approach increases the signal-to-noise ratio and reduces the root-mean-square error, significantly enhancing the noise reduction effect on the steam trap's background noise signal.","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"25 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11902749/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0