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A transcriptional cofactor GRIP1 drives PPARγ DNA binding and p300-dependent enhancer activity during homeostatic macrophage polarization 在稳态巨噬细胞极化过程中,转录辅助因子GRIP1驱动PPARγ DNA结合和p300依赖性增强子活性
IF 13.9 1区 综合性期刊
Science Advances Pub Date : 2026-10-14 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aeh4524
Marija Dacic, William J Stein, Ruoxi Yuan, Dinesh K Deochand, Joshua K Morrison, Ketsia Seide, Yurii Chinenov, Inez Rogatsky
{"title":"A transcriptional cofactor GRIP1 drives PPARγ DNA binding and p300-dependent enhancer activity during homeostatic macrophage polarization","authors":"Marija Dacic,&nbsp;William J Stein,&nbsp;Ruoxi Yuan,&nbsp;Dinesh K Deochand,&nbsp;Joshua K Morrison,&nbsp;Ketsia Seide,&nbsp;Yurii Chinenov,&nbsp;Inez Rogatsky","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.aeh4524","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.aeh4524","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Homeostatic macrophages maintain tissue health and resolve inflammation. Upon sustained exposure to type II cytokine IL4, transcription factors STAT6, KLF4, EGR2 and a ligand-regulated nuclear receptor PPARγ orchestrate the M2<sub>IL4</sub> ‘polarization’, marked by enhancer RNA (eRNA) production near multiple M2 genes. The mechanisms of enhancer activation by unliganded PPARγ are poorly understood. We interrogated cofactor requirements for PPARγ-driven gene expression in M2<sub>IL4</sub>, including those lacking PPARγ or a ligand-dependent nuclear receptor coregulator NCoA2/GRIP1 vs. macrophages treated with the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone. As expected, rosiglitazone activated conventional PPARγ targets; GRIP1 deletion blunted their induction and depleted GRIP1-interacting histone acetyltransferase p300 from PPARγ-bound sites. Surprisingly, GRIP1 colocalized with unliganded PPARγ in M0 and M2<sub>IL4</sub>, and GRIP1 ablation dramatically reduced genome-wide DNA binding of PPARγ itself while promoting broad deposition of CTCF insulator. Functionally, GRIP1 deletion mirrored PPARγ deficiency, establishing GRIP1 as a central regulator of unliganded PPARγ DNA binding, required for both eRNA and mRNA transcription of PPARγ targets in homeostatic macrophages.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"12 42","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/sciadv.aeh4524","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149172526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Polyclonal breast milk–derived secretory IgA confers broad antiviral protection against multiple respiratory viruses 多克隆乳源性分泌IgA对多种呼吸道病毒具有广泛的抗病毒保护作用
IF 13.9 1区 综合性期刊
Science Advances Pub Date : 2026-10-14 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aef3207
Yona Tugg, Jann C. Ang, Imran Ahmed, Rikin Mehta, Viraj Mane, Sam Afkhami, Matthew S. Miller
{"title":"Polyclonal breast milk–derived secretory IgA confers broad antiviral protection against multiple respiratory viruses","authors":"Yona Tugg,&nbsp;Jann C. Ang,&nbsp;Imran Ahmed,&nbsp;Rikin Mehta,&nbsp;Viraj Mane,&nbsp;Sam Afkhami,&nbsp;Matthew S. Miller","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.aef3207","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.aef3207","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Passive immunization is an important tool for protecting individuals with primary immune deficiencies from infectious diseases and offers a rapid response strategy for protecting vulnerable populations, particularly during the interval between pathogen emergence and vaccine deployment. Current approaches rely on intravenous delivery of IgG-enriched plasma or monoclonal antibodies, which limits accessibility, scalability, and effectiveness at mucosal surfaces, the primary entry point for respiratory viruses. Here, we tested LCTG-001, a polyclonal secretory IgA preparation derived from pooled human breast milk, to address these limitations. LCTG-001 demonstrated broad antiviral activity against clinically relevant respiratory viruses, including respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, and influenza A virus. LCTG-001 effectively recognized both group 1 and group 2 influenza A subtypes, including the highly pathogenic H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b, and engaged nonneutralizing effector mechanisms such as neuraminidase inhibition and neutrophil activation. When administered intranasally, LCTG-001 conferred complete protection against influenza A challenge in both immunocompetent and antibody-deficient murine models, preventing morbidity and mortality through a transient early reduction in viral burden followed by sustained improvements in lung pathology and lung barrier integrity. These findings highlight the potential of breast milk–derived secretory IgA as a scalable, mucosa-targeted passive immunization strategy capable of addressing both endemic and emerging respiratory viral threats.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"12 42","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/sciadv.aef3207","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149172527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ice nucleation by kaolinite: Morphology shapes the size dependence of ice nucleation active sites on dust particles 高岭石的冰成核:形态决定了尘埃颗粒上冰成核活性位点的大小依赖性
IF 13.9 1区 综合性期刊
Science Advances Pub Date : 2026-10-14 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aeg1206
Yuhang Song, Claudia Marcolli, Jie Chen, Ulrike Lohmann
{"title":"Ice nucleation by kaolinite: Morphology shapes the size dependence of ice nucleation active sites on dust particles","authors":"Yuhang Song,&nbsp;Claudia Marcolli,&nbsp;Jie Chen,&nbsp;Ulrike Lohmann","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.aeg1206","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.aeg1206","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Mineral dusts are the most important type of ice-nucleating particles and play a key role in cloud formation and climate. Their activity is commonly assumed to scale with particle surface area, yet whether this assumption holds across particle sizes remains unverified. Here, we quantify size-dependent ice nucleation activity using compositionally pure, size-segregated kaolinite (KGa-1b). Ice nucleation active site (INAS) densities were determined for size classes from submicron to 48 μm, revealing two distinct ice-nucleation regimes. At low temperatures (∼240 K), INAS density per surface area is independent of particle size. In contrast, at warm temperatures (∼260 K), particles of 6 to 12 μm exhibit the highest INAS densities, up to two orders of magnitude greater than smaller particles and nonsize-selected bulk samples. Linking these results to particle morphology indicates that well-aligned, multilayered platelet edges provide the continuous hydroxylated surfaces required for efficient ice nucleation. Our findings demonstrate that morphology can modulate particle size–dependent ice nucleation, highlighting limitations of simple surface area–based parameterizations.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"12 42","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/sciadv.aeg1206","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149172584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reversible Atlantic overturning despite continued Greenland ice sheet melt 尽管格陵兰冰盖持续融化,可逆的大西洋倾覆
IF 13.9 1区 综合性期刊
Science Advances Pub Date : 2026-10-14 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aee5373
Chuncheng Guo, Shuting Yang, Ilana Schiller-Weiss, Jorge Bernales, Steffen M. Olsen, Torben Koenigk, Rashed Mahmood, Tian Tian, Klaus Wyser
{"title":"Reversible Atlantic overturning despite continued Greenland ice sheet melt","authors":"Chuncheng Guo,&nbsp;Shuting Yang,&nbsp;Ilana Schiller-Weiss,&nbsp;Jorge Bernales,&nbsp;Steffen M. Olsen,&nbsp;Torben Koenigk,&nbsp;Rashed Mahmood,&nbsp;Tian Tian,&nbsp;Klaus Wyser","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.aee5373","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.aee5373","url":null,"abstract":"<div >The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is considered vulnerable to irreversible weakening or collapse under global warming and related Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) melt, yet its resilience to either forcing remains poorly constrained. Here, we use a carbon dioxide emission–driven Earth system model with an interactive GrIS to assess AMOC reversibility under a range of idealized carbon dioxide emission pathways that produce near-linear global warming up to 10 kelvins (K), stabilization across 1.5 to 9 K, and subsequent cooling. We find that although the AMOC reaches threshold-defined collapsed states, these do not represent dynamical tipping in this model: The overturning weakens quasi-linearly with global mean temperature increase yet consistently and promptly recovers under cooling. In contrast, GrIS mass loss accelerates with warming, continues through stabilizations, and is only slowed by cooling, committing the planet to long-term sea level rise. These results reveal contrasting resilience across climate system components: Under transient carbon dioxide forcing, AMOC strength remains dynamically reversible despite continued Greenland meltwater input, whereas the GrIS is locked into persistent decline. Our findings underscore the urgency of rapid emission cuts to limit climate overshoot, AMOC weakening, and irreversible ice sheet loss.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"12 42","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/sciadv.aee5373","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149172590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ultrasound-driven electronically programmable microbubbles 超声波驱动的电子可编程微泡
IF 13.9 1区 综合性期刊
Science Advances Pub Date : 2026-10-14 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aeg5408
Zhiyuan Zhang, Jinsong Zhang, Alyosha C. Molnar, Itai Cohen
{"title":"Ultrasound-driven electronically programmable microbubbles","authors":"Zhiyuan Zhang,&nbsp;Jinsong Zhang,&nbsp;Alyosha C. Molnar,&nbsp;Itai Cohen","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.aeg5408","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.aeg5408","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Ultrasound-actuated microbubbles have served as efficient microscale engines demonstrating wireless actuation, simplified robotic architectures, and rapid response. Despite recent advances, a limitation of many microbubble technologies is that they use passive capturing of bubbles. The lack of control over bubble placement and size hinders the ability to individually address specified bubbles, a feature that would be important for performing multiple functions. Here, we present an on-chip bubble customization platform that enables active control of individual microbubbles. Instead of trapping bubbles, we purposely generate them via electrolysis on electrode arrays. The bubbles, when actuated by an external ultrasound input, create a variety of programmed flows ranging from streaming due to volumetric oscillation of a single bubble to diverse symmetry-broken directional flows when multiple bubbles interact. The bubble configuration can also be altered by simply increasing the electrolysis voltage on specified electrodes to detach the unneeded bubbles. We find that in this regime, when coupled to acoustic oscillations, we can generate a distinct bubble shooting flow pattern whose flow direction is selectively controlled by the incident ultrasound frequency. Collectively, the active bubble reconfiguration ability unlocks a range of previously inaccessible acoustofluidic functions in a single device with unprecedented controllability.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"12 42","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/sciadv.aeg5408","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149172586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
SRF3 couples cellular iron homeostasis and defense responses through ubiquitin-dependent nano-organization SRF3通过泛素依赖的纳米组织耦合细胞铁稳态和防御反应
IF 13.9 1区 综合性期刊
Science Advances Pub Date : 2026-10-14 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aeh4671
Matthieu Pierre Platre, Lukas Brent, Matias F. Gleason, Preyanka Mehta, Ling Zhang, Laia Armengot, Julie Neveu, Olivier Kaakeh, Min Cao, Laura M. Martins, Julie A. Law, Santosh B. Satbhai, Nuria S. Coll, Marc Valls, Grégory Vert, Wolfgang Busch
{"title":"SRF3 couples cellular iron homeostasis and defense responses through ubiquitin-dependent nano-organization","authors":"Matthieu Pierre Platre,&nbsp;Lukas Brent,&nbsp;Matias F. Gleason,&nbsp;Preyanka Mehta,&nbsp;Ling Zhang,&nbsp;Laia Armengot,&nbsp;Julie Neveu,&nbsp;Olivier Kaakeh,&nbsp;Min Cao,&nbsp;Laura M. Martins,&nbsp;Julie A. Law,&nbsp;Santosh B. Satbhai,&nbsp;Nuria S. Coll,&nbsp;Marc Valls,&nbsp;Grégory Vert,&nbsp;Wolfgang Busch","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.aeh4671","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.aeh4671","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Iron homeostasis is a central component of host defense responses. In mammals, iron availability is rapidly adjusted through receptor mediated pathways, whereas it remains unclear how plants regulate iron homeostasis during the earliest stages of immune activation. Here, we identify a rapid iron regulatory mechanism centered on the plasma membrane receptor kinase STRUBBELIG RECEPTOR FAMILY 3 (SRF3), which integrates bacterial immune signaling with ferrous iron homeostasis. Perception of flagellin triggers a burst of reactive oxygen species that induces a rapid and transient depletion of the labile ferrous iron pool. This state promotes SRF3 ubiquitination and clathrin-dependent endocytosis, a process required to restore intracellular ferrous iron levels while dampening immune responses. Using super resolution microscopy, we show that this functional integration relies on ubiquitin dependent nano organization of SRF3 at the plasma membrane, enabling distinct signaling outputs from a single receptor. Thereby, SRF3 modulates both immune signaling and the proliferation of commensal and pathogenic bacteria. Together, our findings uncover a fast-acting iron homeostasis pathway in plants that dynamically couples nutrient availability with immunity, thereby shaping host microbe interactions at the onset of infection.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"12 42","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/sciadv.aeh4671","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149172577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Highlights from an early base camp in Beringia 13,800 years ago: Shég’ Xdaltth’í’ and the Late Pleistocene peopling of Alaska 13800年前白令陆桥早期大本营的亮点:sh<s:1> ' xdalth ‘ í ’和阿拉斯加晚更新世的人类
IF 13.9 1区 综合性期刊
Science Advances Pub Date : 2026-10-14 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aeh0802
Kelly E. Graf, Ted Goebel, Aureáde Henry, Bryan Hockett, Nathan Shelley, Mariya Antonosyan, Julie Meachen, Mason Sewing, Mia Harbort, Julie A. Esdale, Sarah A. Allaun, Angela K. Gore, Jeffrey T. Rasic, Patrick Roberts, Evelynn Combs, Donald Charlie
{"title":"Highlights from an early base camp in Beringia 13,800 years ago: Shég’ Xdaltth’í’ and the Late Pleistocene peopling of Alaska","authors":"Kelly E. Graf,&nbsp;Ted Goebel,&nbsp;Aureáde Henry,&nbsp;Bryan Hockett,&nbsp;Nathan Shelley,&nbsp;Mariya Antonosyan,&nbsp;Julie Meachen,&nbsp;Mason Sewing,&nbsp;Mia Harbort,&nbsp;Julie A. Esdale,&nbsp;Sarah A. Allaun,&nbsp;Angela K. Gore,&nbsp;Jeffrey T. Rasic,&nbsp;Patrick Roberts,&nbsp;Evelynn Combs,&nbsp;Donald Charlie","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.aeh0802","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.aeh0802","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Human dispersal across the Bering Land Bridge (BLB) was a key event in the peopling of the Americas, but Beringia’s archaeological record remains poorly understood. In response, the Shég’ Xdaltth’í’ site in interior Alaska has been the focus of a multi-disciplinary study since 2016. The site contains three archaeological components dating to the Late Pleistocene, 13.8, 13, and 12.7 thousand years ago. The oldest component yielded an expressive array of cultural remains, including a unique hafted-biface form, osseous tools, diverse fauna, and well-preserved activity areas, a record unparalleled for this age in Beringia. Shég’ Xdaltth’í’ represents the earliest known Nenana Complex occupation east of the BLB, and its distinct hafted-biface form occurs in coeval sites west of the BLB, providing an important trans-Beringian cultural link. Although not Beringia’s oldest site, Shég’ Xdaltth’í’ reveals important information about Late Glacial peopling and settling-in behavior in this far northern setting.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"12 42","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/sciadv.aeh0802","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149172581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Spectral tuning and signaling of diverse and far red–sensitive rhodopsins in mantis shrimp eyes 螳螂虾眼中多种远红敏感视紫红质的光谱调谐和信号传导
IF 13.9 1区 综合性期刊
Science Advances Pub Date : 2026-10-14 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aef5666
Camille Brouillon, Alina Pushkarev, Marjorie A. Liénard, Songhwan Hwang, Arno Munhoven, Richard McDowell, Robert J. Lucas, Megan Porter, Han Sun, Peter Hegemann
{"title":"Spectral tuning and signaling of diverse and far red–sensitive rhodopsins in mantis shrimp eyes","authors":"Camille Brouillon,&nbsp;Alina Pushkarev,&nbsp;Marjorie A. Liénard,&nbsp;Songhwan Hwang,&nbsp;Arno Munhoven,&nbsp;Richard McDowell,&nbsp;Robert J. Lucas,&nbsp;Megan Porter,&nbsp;Han Sun,&nbsp;Peter Hegemann","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.aef5666","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.aef5666","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Stomatopod crustaceans (mantis shrimps) have extraordinary eyes with unmatched visual rhodopsin diversity, but their potential for broad color detection remains unclear. Here, we report that 17 rhodopsins, mostly from the midband eye region, are involved in color sensing and functionally diverse signaling via Gq/Gi coupling and describe the underlying mechanisms of spectral tuning. Two mid-wavelength rhodopsins preferentially absorb blue light and a majority of long-wavelength opsins absorb in the green range, but three absorb light beyond 600 nanometers, representing exquisite far red–sensitive animal rhodopsins. Several blue and red rhodopsins exhibit photoreversibility with opposite spectral shifts explained by retinal binding interactions, revealing unrecognized photochemical flexibility in stomatopod photoreception. Row-specific spectral sensitivity results from combining carotenoid filters with multiple individually tuned rhodopsins, altogether extending broad vision to the far-red spectrum.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"12 42","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/sciadv.aef5666","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149172585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The network structure of the urban revolution 城市革命的网络结构
IF 13.9 1区 综合性期刊
Science Advances Pub Date : 2026-10-14 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aee5162
Giacomo Benati, Sergi Lozano
{"title":"The network structure of the urban revolution","authors":"Giacomo Benati,&nbsp;Sergi Lozano","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.aee5162","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.aee5162","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Long-distance interaction has deep prehistoric roots, but the networks that emerged during the Urban Revolution were unprecedented in scale and organization. How early cities sustained this extensive connectivity in the absence of formal markets or centralized states remains a fundamental question. Focusing on the Uruk Expansion in Mesopotamia (ca. 3900 to 3000 BCE), we assemble the largest spatial dataset currently available and reconstruct transportation networks across three successive phases. Using network analysis, we show that an initially dendritic, river-based system evolved into modular regional clusters and ultimately into a more integrated structure linked by selective long-distance shortcuts. This transformation reduced dependence on key intermediaries and generated small world–like patterns combining strong local cohesion with efficient system-wide reach. These results demonstrate that decentralized interaction processes, supported in part by mobile intermediary communities, played a central role in sustaining early urban connectivity.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"12 42","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/sciadv.aee5162","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149172591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mesoscale structures in signed networks 符号网络中的中尺度结构
IF 13.9 1区 综合性期刊
Science Advances Pub Date : 2026-10-09 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aee5886
Wei Zhang, Olga Boichak, Tristram J. Alexander, Tiago P. Peixoto, Eduardo G. Altmann
{"title":"Mesoscale structures in signed networks","authors":"Wei Zhang,&nbsp;Olga Boichak,&nbsp;Tristram J. Alexander,&nbsp;Tiago P. Peixoto,&nbsp;Eduardo G. Altmann","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.aee5886","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.aee5886","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Mesoscale structures in signed networks have been studied under the limiting assumption of the validity of social balance theory, which predicts positive connections within groups and negative connections between groups. Here, we propose and apply a methodology that overcomes this limitation and is able to find and characterize also the different possible unbalanced structures in signed networks. Applying our methodology to 24 empirical networks, from social-political, financial, and biological domains, we find that unbalanced mesoscale structures are prevalent in real-world networks, including cases with substantial balance at the microscale of triangles. In particular, we find that assortativity often prevails regardless of the interaction sign and that core-periphery structures are typical in online social networks. Our findings highlight the complexity of mesoscale relational structures, the importance of using computational methods that are a priori agnostic to specific patterns, and the importance of independently evaluating micro- and mesoscale predictions of social balance theory.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"12 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/sciadv.aee5886","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149130375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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