Microbial Biotechnology最新文献

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The Respiratory Tract Microbiome and Human Health 呼吸道微生物群与人类健康
IF 5.7 2区 生物学
Microbial Biotechnology Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.70147
Patricia Fernández de Córdoba-Ansón, Iván Linares-Ambohades, Fernando Baquero, Teresa M. Coque, Ana Elena Pérez-Cobas
{"title":"The Respiratory Tract Microbiome and Human Health","authors":"Patricia Fernández de Córdoba-Ansón,&nbsp;Iván Linares-Ambohades,&nbsp;Fernando Baquero,&nbsp;Teresa M. Coque,&nbsp;Ana Elena Pérez-Cobas","doi":"10.1111/1751-7915.70147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.70147","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The respiratory tract microbiome (RTM) is a multi-kingdom microbial ecosystem that inhabits various niches of the respiratory system. While previously overlooked, there is now sufficient evidence that the RTM plays a crucial role in human health related to immune system training and protection against pathogens. Accordingly, dysbiosis or disequilibrium of the RTM has been linked to several communicable and non-communicable respiratory diseases, highlighting the need to unveil its role in health and disease. Here, we define the RTM and its place in microbiome medicine. Moreover, we outline the challenges of RTM research, emphasising the need for combining methodologies, including multi-omics and computational tools. We also discuss the RTM's potential for diagnosing, preventing and treating respiratory diseases and developing novel microbiome-based therapies to improve pulmonary health.</p>","PeriodicalId":209,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Biotechnology","volume":"18 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1751-7915.70147","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143880148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Recent Advances in Alginate Lyase Engineering for Efficient Conversion of Alginate to Value-Added Products 海藻酸盐高效转化为高附加值产品的海藻酸裂解酶工程研究进展
IF 5.7 2区 生物学
Microbial Biotechnology Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.70150
Hyo Jeong Shin, Jo Hyun Moon, Sunghwa Woo, Chung Won Lee, Gyoo Yeol Jung, Hyun Gyu Lim
{"title":"Recent Advances in Alginate Lyase Engineering for Efficient Conversion of Alginate to Value-Added Products","authors":"Hyo Jeong Shin,&nbsp;Jo Hyun Moon,&nbsp;Sunghwa Woo,&nbsp;Chung Won Lee,&nbsp;Gyoo Yeol Jung,&nbsp;Hyun Gyu Lim","doi":"10.1111/1751-7915.70150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.70150","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Alginate lyases depolymerize alginate and generate alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) and eventually 4-deoxy-L-erythro-5-hexoseulose uronate (DEH), a monosaccharide. Recently, alginate lyases have garnered significant attention due to the increasing demand for AOS, which exhibit bioactivities beneficial to human health, livestock productivity, and agricultural efficiency. Additionally, these enzymes play a crucial role in producing DEH, essential in alginate catabolism in bacteria. This review explains the industrial value of AOS and DEH, which contribute broadly to industries ranging from the food industry to biorefinery processes. This review also highlights recent advances in alginate lyase applications and engineering, including domain truncation, chimeric enzyme design, rational mutagenesis, and directed evolution. These approaches have enhanced enzyme performance for efficient AOS and DEH production. We also discuss current challenges and future directions toward industrial-scale bioconversion of alginate-rich biomass.</p>","PeriodicalId":209,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Biotechnology","volume":"18 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1751-7915.70150","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143880107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Greening the Production of Indigo Blue Exploiting Light and a Recombinant Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 Strain Expressing the Enzyme mFMO 靛蓝利用光的绿色生产及表达mFMO酶的重组胞囊藻PCC6803菌株
IF 5.7 2区 生物学
Microbial Biotechnology Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.70146
Giovanni Loprete, David Rubert, Francesco Bellusci, Nikola Lončar, Marco W. Fraaije, Elisabetta Bergantino
{"title":"Greening the Production of Indigo Blue Exploiting Light and a Recombinant Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 Strain Expressing the Enzyme mFMO","authors":"Giovanni Loprete,&nbsp;David Rubert,&nbsp;Francesco Bellusci,&nbsp;Nikola Lončar,&nbsp;Marco W. Fraaije,&nbsp;Elisabetta Bergantino","doi":"10.1111/1751-7915.70146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.70146","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cyanobacteria are emerging as interesting cell factories, offering the significant advantage of their in-built photosynthetic machinery, which generates NADPH to support redox biocatalysis. In this study, we assessed the potential of the cyanobacterium <i>Synechocystis</i> sp. PCC6803 in producing the dye indigo by light-driven whole-cell biotransformation using indole as a starting compound. A stable transgenic strain expressing a flavin-containing monooxygenase from <i>Methylophaga aminisulfidivorans</i> (mFMO) was engineered, enabling light-dependent indigo production. Upon optimising conditions, effective biotransformations could be performed, resulting in 112 mg/L indigo (86% conversion of the furnished indole). Additionally, we present a method for the recovery of the secreted dye directly from the growth medium through solid-phase absorption on polyamide nets. Overall, the effectiveness and sustainability of the biotransformation in <i>Synechocystis</i> sp. PCC6803 performed at the laboratory scale provide a strong basis for further exploring the applicability of the process.</p>","PeriodicalId":209,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Biotechnology","volume":"18 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1751-7915.70146","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143880109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Establishment of CRISPR-STAR System to Realise Simultaneous Transcriptional Activation and Repression in Yarrowia lipolytica 建立CRISPR-STAR系统实现脂性耶氏菌转录同时激活和抑制
IF 5.7 2区 生物学
Microbial Biotechnology Pub Date : 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.70151
Yaru Chen, Mengxu Li, Xuanwei Liu, Qiyang Duan, Lin Xiao, Luxin Wang, Congcong Huang, Hao Song, Yingxiu Cao
{"title":"Establishment of CRISPR-STAR System to Realise Simultaneous Transcriptional Activation and Repression in Yarrowia lipolytica","authors":"Yaru Chen,&nbsp;Mengxu Li,&nbsp;Xuanwei Liu,&nbsp;Qiyang Duan,&nbsp;Lin Xiao,&nbsp;Luxin Wang,&nbsp;Congcong Huang,&nbsp;Hao Song,&nbsp;Yingxiu Cao","doi":"10.1111/1751-7915.70151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.70151","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The ability to regulate gene expression in multiple directions is crucial to maximise the production of microbial cell factories. However, the lack of a regulatory tool that can simultaneously activate and repress multiple genes restricts the manipulation diversity of <i>Yarrowia lipolytica</i>, which is an industrial workhorse for bioproduction. To address this issue, we developed a CRISPR <span>s</span>caffold RNAs (scRNAs)-mediated <span>t</span>ranscriptional <span>a</span>ctivation and <span>r</span>epression (CRISPR-STAR) platform. Firstly, we evaluated different methods for bidirectional regulation using CRISPR on both endogenous and synthetic promoters in <i>Y. lipolytica</i>, and chose the utilisation of orthogonal scRNAs to recruit activation and inhibition domains. Secondly, CRISPR-STAR was optimised by the introduction of alternative dCas proteins, scRNA structures and activators. 2.6-fold and 54.9-fold activation were achieved for synthetic and endogenous promoters, respectively, when the VPR transcriptional activator was recruited via MS2 hairpin. The repression of several genes was successfully achieved, with repression levels ranging from 3% to 32%, when the MXI1 transcriptional repressor was recruited via PP7 hairpin. Finally, CRISPR-STAR was applied to enhance fatty alcohol production by activating the <i>FAR</i> gene (encodes fatty acyl-CoA reductase) and repression of the <i>PEX10</i> gene (encodes an integral membrane protein required for peroxisome biogenesis and matrix protein import). Compared to the non-targeting control, the bidirectionally regulated strain showed a 55.7% increase in yield to 778.8 mg/L. Our findings demonstrate that the CRISPR-STAR platform enables multi-mode regulation of genes, offering engineering opportunities to improve the productive performance of <i>Y</i>. <i>lipolytica</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":209,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Biotechnology","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1751-7915.70151","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
From Glucose to Green Chemistry: Breakthrough in Microbial Production of Tartaric Semialdehyde 从葡萄糖到绿色化学:酒石酸半醛微生物生产的突破
IF 5.7 2区 生物学
Microbial Biotechnology Pub Date : 2025-04-23 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.70149
Shuangxi Li, Lingcheng Li, Qiwu Jiang, Jianfeng Wang, Xiaoming Sun, Liangliang Zhang, Jianfeng Yuan
{"title":"From Glucose to Green Chemistry: Breakthrough in Microbial Production of Tartaric Semialdehyde","authors":"Shuangxi Li,&nbsp;Lingcheng Li,&nbsp;Qiwu Jiang,&nbsp;Jianfeng Wang,&nbsp;Xiaoming Sun,&nbsp;Liangliang Zhang,&nbsp;Jianfeng Yuan","doi":"10.1111/1751-7915.70149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.70149","url":null,"abstract":"<p>L-(+)-tartaric acid (L-TA) is a crucial hydroxy carboxylic chelator with extensive applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The synthesis of L-TA from renewable biomass presents a promising approach to mitigating environmental impact and advancing green energy initiatives. Previous studies revealed that a mutant transketolase (TKTA_M) could catalyse the production of tartaric semialdehyde, a precursor to L-TA. This study focuses on the development of a <i>Gluconobacter oxydans</i> cell factory for tartaric semialdehyde production, employing a combination of metabolic engineering and a modular strategy. The genetically modified <i>G. oxydans</i> T strain exhibited robust expression of the <i>tkt</i>A_M gene. The optimal pH and temperature for this strain were determined to be 6.0°C and 30°C, respectively. Under these conditions, the strain produced 32.21 ± 0.74 g/L of tartaric semialdehyde from glucose. Implementation of a “Push-Pull” strategy enhanced tartaric semialdehyde production, resulting in a 23.85% increase in the <i>G. oxydans</i> T02 cell growth. In CSLP medium with 100 g/L glucose, the fermentation process yielded 48.88 ± 2.16 g/L of tartaric semialdehyde and 7.72 ± 1.56 g/L of residual 5-KGA after 48 h. This resulted in a tartaric semialdehyde productivity rate of 1.018 g/L·h, representing an 87.82% improvement over flask fermentation. This study demonstrates a straightforward and efficient microbial process for the oxidation of glucose to tartaric semialdehyde, indicating its potential for industrial-scale production and facilitating the synthesis of L-TA from renewable resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":209,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Biotechnology","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1751-7915.70149","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143861816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Regulation of Sugar Metabolism During Fermentation of Brewers' Spent Grain by Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides DSM20193 假肠白菌DSM20193对啤酒废粮发酵过程中糖代谢的调控
IF 5.7 2区 生物学
Microbial Biotechnology Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.70116
Koirala Prabin, Maina Ndegwa, Mojzita Dominik, Coda Rossana
{"title":"Regulation of Sugar Metabolism During Fermentation of Brewers' Spent Grain by Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides DSM20193","authors":"Koirala Prabin,&nbsp;Maina Ndegwa,&nbsp;Mojzita Dominik,&nbsp;Coda Rossana","doi":"10.1111/1751-7915.70116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.70116","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Re-utilising brewers' spent grain (BSG) through LAB fermentation can enable its broad use in the food industry, enhancing its nutritional and functional properties and offering a clear example of a sustainable approach in the valorisation of food side streams. Despite extensive research on LAB fermentation, the regulation of metabolism during the growth in complex food-industry-relevant environments remains unclear. This study investigates the metabolic processes in <i>Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides</i> DSM20193 during 24 h fermentation of BSG with and without 4% sucrose (w/w) supplementation, allowing in situ dextran synthesis. Besides dextran synthesis, the presence of sucrose led to faster acidification, especially due to the increased formation of acetic acid. Furthermore, differences in the utilisation of sucrose, fructose, glucose, and maltose and the formation of diverse oligosaccharides were observed. Transcriptome analysis comparing expression profiles during 0 h and 16 h growth in BSG with sucrose revealed differences in the expression of genes involved in carbohydrate utilisation pathways, including higher activity of sucrose and maltose metabolism and lower activity of metabolism related to alternative carbon sources. Transcription analysis of selected relevant genes in a time-course comparison between BSG with and without sucrose provided more detailed indications of responses of the metabolic network in this complex environment. This analysis provided a deeper understanding of the dynamic regulatory mechanism that drives sugar metabolism and dextran synthesis and how the presence of sucrose can alter the metabolic flux towards different fermentation products.</p>","PeriodicalId":209,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Biotechnology","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1751-7915.70116","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143853044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Combined Isotopic Tracer and Modelling Approach Reveals Differences in Nitrogen Metabolism in S. cerevisiae, S. uvarum and S. kudriavzevii Species 联合同位素示踪和建模方法揭示了S. cerevisiae, S. uvarum和S. kudriavzevii种氮代谢的差异
IF 5.7 2区 生物学
Microbial Biotechnology Pub Date : 2025-04-18 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.70087
Romain Minebois, David Henriques, Eva Balsa-Canto, Amparo Querol, Carole Camarasa
{"title":"Combined Isotopic Tracer and Modelling Approach Reveals Differences in Nitrogen Metabolism in S. cerevisiae, S. uvarum and S. kudriavzevii Species","authors":"Romain Minebois,&nbsp;David Henriques,&nbsp;Eva Balsa-Canto,&nbsp;Amparo Querol,&nbsp;Carole Camarasa","doi":"10.1111/1751-7915.70087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.70087","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The species <i>Saccharomyces uvarum</i> and <i>Saccharomyces kudriavzevii</i> have gained popularity in recent decades due to their interesting oenological properties. However, although it plays a crucial role in yeast fermentation performance and compound synthesis, our understanding of nitrogen metabolism in these species remains limited. Therefore, we compared how three strains of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>, <i>Saccharomyces uvarum</i> and <i>Saccharomyces kudriavzevii</i> use relevant nitrogen sources by combining quantitative analysis approaches based on isotopic tracing and modelling. The model we have developed aims to facilitate the calculation and interpretation of stable isotope data for other experiments, by providing easy visualisation of the results and predicting the kinetics of isotope incorporation beyond the sampling points. The three species exhibit significant variations in their nitrogen assimilation profile. They differ in the timing of uptake of ammonium, arginine and glutamine: <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> prefers glutamine, <i>Saccharomyces kudriavzevii</i> ammonium and <i>Saccharomyces uvarum</i> arginine. This contributes to a different pattern of nitrogen redistribution towards proteinogenic amino acids between strains at the start of the exponential phase, which fades on entering the stationary phase. Additionally, we found that the contribution of leucine and valine to isoamyl alcohol production varies between species; also, <i>Saccharomyces kudriavzevii</i> activates the synthesis of volatile compounds earlier.</p>","PeriodicalId":209,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Biotechnology","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1751-7915.70087","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143849297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
One-Step RAA and CRISPR-Cas13a Method for Detecting Influenza B Virus 一步RAA和CRISPR-Cas13a检测乙型流感病毒的方法
IF 5.7 2区 生物学
Microbial Biotechnology Pub Date : 2025-04-15 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.70144
Xinling Zhang, Shiyu Chen, Juezhuo Li, Dong-ang Liu, Jianxiu Lai, Xiangquan Song, Ruiyao Hu, Yuting Qiu, Keyi Chen, Yue Xu, Xiaoping Li
{"title":"One-Step RAA and CRISPR-Cas13a Method for Detecting Influenza B Virus","authors":"Xinling Zhang,&nbsp;Shiyu Chen,&nbsp;Juezhuo Li,&nbsp;Dong-ang Liu,&nbsp;Jianxiu Lai,&nbsp;Xiangquan Song,&nbsp;Ruiyao Hu,&nbsp;Yuting Qiu,&nbsp;Keyi Chen,&nbsp;Yue Xu,&nbsp;Xiaoping Li","doi":"10.1111/1751-7915.70144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.70144","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We developed a sensitive and specific method based on recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein 13a (Cas13a). This method, named CRISPR-based Rapid and Efficient Test (CRISPRET), is designed for the early diagnosis of Influenza B (FluB) with the aim of shortening its transmission chain. We identified conserved regions in the Influenza B Virus (IBV) NS gene and designed forward and reverse primers along with crRNAs. We then established and optimised the reaction system, and Nucleic Acid Positive Reference Materials of IBV were used to evaluate the detection limit (DL) of CRISPRET. Additionally, we collected 257 clinical samples, comprising 127 samples from patients with IBV infection and 130 samples from healthy individuals, and subjected them to dual detection using CRISPRET and qPCR to evaluate the positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), sensitivity and specificity of CRISPRET. We designed one forward primer, two reverse primers, and two crRNAs to establish and optimise the CRISPR ET. The method demonstrated the DL of 500 copies·μL<sup>−1</sup> when assisted by appropriate equipment. Despite requiring auxiliary equipment and a 30-min reaction, the CRISPR ET method enables the detection of IBV nucleic acid within approximately the first 5 min, achieving high sensitivity (100%), specificity (97.69%), PPV (97.69%) and NPV (100%), with a concordance rate of 98.83% to qPCR. CRISPRET offers a simple, field-applicable, one-step method for the rapid detection of IBV. It has strong potential for field-testing applications and intelligent integration into existing diagnostic systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":209,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Biotechnology","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1751-7915.70144","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143831257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Unlocking the Microbial World: A Global Initiative for Education and Sustainability 解锁微生物世界:教育和可持续发展的全球倡议
IF 5.7 2区 生物学
Microbial Biotechnology Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.70124
Juan L. Ramos, Rup Lal, Francisca Colom, Max Chavarria, Wei Huang, Yun Wang, Zulema Udaondo, Kenneth N. Timmis
{"title":"Unlocking the Microbial World: A Global Initiative for Education and Sustainability","authors":"Juan L. Ramos,&nbsp;Rup Lal,&nbsp;Francisca Colom,&nbsp;Max Chavarria,&nbsp;Wei Huang,&nbsp;Yun Wang,&nbsp;Zulema Udaondo,&nbsp;Kenneth N. Timmis","doi":"10.1111/1751-7915.70124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.70124","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Microbes govern our planet! The International Microbial Literacy Initiative (IMiLI) promotes global microbial literacy with free, open-access resources in multiple languages. Understanding microbes is key to sustainability and informed decision-making.\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":209,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Biotechnology","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1751-7915.70124","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Monkeypox Virus: WHO's Second Public Health Emergency of International Concern Within 2 Years 猴痘病毒:世卫组织两年内第二次引起国际关注的突发公共卫生事件
IF 5.7 2区 生物学
Microbial Biotechnology Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.70142
Harald Brüssow
{"title":"Monkeypox Virus: WHO's Second Public Health Emergency of International Concern Within 2 Years","authors":"Harald Brüssow","doi":"10.1111/1751-7915.70142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.70142","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An upsurge of monkeypox disease (mpox) cases with clade I virus in Central Africa led WHO to declare a Public Health Emergency of International Concern for a second time shortly after the worldwide clade II mpox epidemic in 2022/3 among homosexual men. In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), the annual incidence of clade I mpox, transmitted mostly from animal sources to children, increased 20-fold between 1980 and 2007; 60,000 mpox cases occurred between 2010 and 2023. The incidence again doubled between 2023 and 2024, showing a case fatality rate of 3.3%. A new clade Ib virus was detected in 2024 in eastern DRC where mostly adults were infected by heterosexual contact. Ib was recently introduced and showed a mutation spectrum of human-to-human transmission. Asymptomatic mpox infections, the release of infectious virus before symptom onset in a subgroup of cases, and superspreaders complicate containment measures during the 2022 epidemic. Isolation of cases until two consecutive negative PCR tests was recommended but necessitates cheap and rapid diagnostic tests which are in development. Sexual behavioural changes during the 2022 epidemic have contributed more to the curbing of the epidemic than vaccination. The smallpox vaccine Dryvax protected children exposed to clade I mpox in DRC in the 1980s. The attenuated third-generation smallpox Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vaccines and derivatives showed robust protection against clade IIb mpox during the 2022/3 epidemic in various study formats. Vaccine efficacy exceeding 75% was reported after two doses. mRNA in lipid-nanoparticle encoding surface proteins from extracellular enveloped and intracellular mature virions of monkeypox virus (MPXV) induced humoral and cellular immune responses that protected macaques against mpox disease with clade I and II viruses better than MVA. Only mixtures of monoclonal antibodies protected mice from mpox. The antiviral tecovirimat showed no efficacy in two clinical trials against clade I and II mpox.</p>","PeriodicalId":209,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Biotechnology","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1751-7915.70142","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143786971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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