Microbial Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Probiotic-Based Approaches for Sustainable Control of Infectious Risk in Mass Transport: Current Data and Future Perspectives","authors":"Irene Soffritti,&nbsp;Maria D'Accolti,&nbsp;Francesca Bini,&nbsp;Eleonora Mazziga,&nbsp;Antonella Volta,&nbsp;Matteo Bisi,&nbsp;Sante Mazzacane,&nbsp;Elisabetta Caselli","doi":"10.1111/1751-7915.70177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.70177","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The built environments of high-traffic areas can play a significant role in the transmission of microorganisms and associated infections, sometimes favouring the selection of multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms due to the excessive use of conventional disinfectants. Probiotic-based sanitation (PBS) was suggested as a novel alternative approach to control the infectious risk in crowded community environments due to its effectiveness in reducing fungal, bacterial, and viral pathogens in sanitary settings. PBS may thus trigger a paradigm shift from chemical to biological strategies in cleaning environments with high human occupancy, offering an ecological and economically sustainable alternative to conventional chemical disinfection. Providing robust data supporting the results reported so far, it has the potential to optimise bioburden control and infection prevention in mass transportation spaces. This review brings together existing research on PBS in mass transportation areas, pinpoints areas of lack of information, and explores its potential future uses, including the creation of probiotic-based materials for sustainable biocontrol in high-traffic areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":209,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Biotechnology","volume":"18 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1751-7915.70177","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144281582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methanol-Free Protein Expression in Komagataella phaffii With Magnetic or Non-Magnetic Heating","authors":"Ibrahim Dagci,&nbsp;Seyda Yildiz Arslan,&nbsp;Kubra Solak,&nbsp;Melek Acar,&nbsp;Yagmur Unver,&nbsp;Ahmet Mavi","doi":"10.1111/1751-7915.70183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.70183","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Komagataella phaffii</i> is among the most widely used expression systems, with methanol-inducible promoters being preferred for protein expression due to their stringent regulation and exceptional strength. However, the applicability of this system, particularly in food and pharmaceutical products, is limited by methanol's toxic and pro-inflammatory properties. Therefore, obtaining a novel methanol-free expression system is necessary. In this study, we obtained a novel expression plasmid, pHSPαA, carrying the <i>HSP70</i> promoter (<i>P</i>_<i>HSP70</i>) to regulate heterologous expression through heat induction. The extracellular expression of azurin was achieved using this methanol-free system under the control of <i>P</i>_<i>HSP70</i>, induced by either magnetic or non-magnetic heating. To enhance heat-induced expression, recombinant cells were immobilised with Fe₃O₄@PEI_{25 kDa} nanoparticles, which facilitated heat release under an AC magnetic field, thereby increasing cell permeability and protein secretion. A time-dependent increase in protein expression was observed in non-magnetic heating but not under magnetic heating. However, immobilised cells exhibited a higher protein secretion capacity compared to non-immobilised cells. These findings suggest that the novel methanol-free expression system represents a promising alternative for heterologous gene expression, particularly for the production of therapeutically relevant and food-grade recombinant proteins.</p>","PeriodicalId":209,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Biotechnology","volume":"18 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1751-7915.70183","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144281471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revitalising Brewers' Spent Grains and Enriching With Biogenic Compounds Through the Fermentation of Fructophilic Lactic Acid Bacteria and Yeasts","authors":"Alessandro Stringari,&nbsp;Ali Zein Alabiden Tlais,&nbsp;Stefano Tonini,&nbsp;Daniela Pinto,&nbsp;Giorgia Mondadori,&nbsp;Pasquale Filannino,&nbsp;Raffaella Di Cagno,&nbsp;Marco Gobbetti","doi":"10.1111/1751-7915.70171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.70171","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The large output of spent grains from the brewing industry presents environmental concerns but also offers promising nutritional and functional potential for valorization by researchers and industrial stakeholders. In this perspective, we investigated how non-conventional starters like <i>Fructobacillus fructosus</i> PL22 and <i>Wickerhamomyces anomalus</i> GY1 can drive the fermentation of brewer's spent grain (BSG), a solid by-product of the brewing industry, to enrich its portfolio of bioactive compounds. While sugar reduction was comparable between started- and unstarted-BSG, the effect of the fermentation became evident through the release of key microbial metabolites (lactic and acetic acids and ethanol). Both starters generated the highest number of unique peptides, with only one previously identified as antioxidant peptide found in BSG fermented with <i>F. fructosus</i>. During fermentation, most amino acids and phenolic compounds decreased, while BSG fermented with <i>W. anomalus</i> distinctly enhanced the release of Ala, Cys and GABA, and health-promoting phenolic compounds, such as gallic acid, gallocatechin, quercetin, naringenin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin. These metabolic changes were associated with the enhanced antifungal and antioxidant properties, which in turn positively reflected on skin protection as shown by the increased proliferation of human keratinocytes, over-expression of the filaggrin (<i>FLG</i>) gene, and wound healing. The power of fermentation to revitalise BSG, giving it a second life chance through the improvement of its nutritional value and further multifunctionality, was demonstrated.</p>","PeriodicalId":209,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Biotechnology","volume":"18 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1751-7915.70171","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144244393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting D-Acylases for D-Amino Acid Production","authors":"Sergio Martínez-Rodríguez,&nbsp;Jose Antonio Gavira","doi":"10.1111/1751-7915.70179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.70179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>N</i>-Acyl-D-amino acid deacylases (EC 3.5.1.81, also known as D-acylases) have been studied for decades for their utility in the kinetic resolution of <i>N</i>-acetyl-D,L-amino acids (NAAs) due to a marked stereospecificity. In conjunction with an <i>N-</i>succinyl-amino acid racemase (NSAR), they impulse the dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) of different NAAs until the corresponding enantiomerically pure D-amino acids. Besides the clear interest in this enzyme cascade, the application of D-acylase/NSAR tandems has been only briefly described outside the industrial field. In this work, we revisit D-acylases for the DKR of NAAs, reporting the characterisation of two new recombinant D-acylases belonging to <i>Bordetella petrii</i> and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>. The enzymes were successfully coupled with the recombinant NSAR from <i>Geobacillus stearothermophilus</i> for the biosynthesis of D-methionine or D-aminobutyric acid. We also carried out the structural characterisation of the D-acylase from <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (KleDacyl), providing the second experimental 3-D structure of a member of this family of enzymes. The structural model shows a highly dynamic character of this amidohydrolase superfamily member, supplying a snapshot of an open conformation of the enzyme most likely preceding substrate entrance into the catalytic cleft. Our results confirm for the first time the importance of an α/β mobile domain in the substrate specificity of D-acylases (region 282–341 in KleDacyl), opening up new strategies for structural-based protein engineering strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":209,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Biotechnology","volume":"18 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1751-7915.70179","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144244386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolutionary Trajectories of Methionine Metabolism in Mycobacterium and Its Application to Engineer a Vitamin B12 Whole-Cell Ribosensor","authors":"Elena Campos-Pardos,&nbsp;Laura Sanz-Asensio,&nbsp;Sandra Pérez-Jiménez,&nbsp;Inmaculada Yruela,&nbsp;Bruno Contreras-Moreira,&nbsp;Alejandro Toledo-Arana,&nbsp;Jesús Gonzalo-Asensio","doi":"10.1111/1751-7915.70176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.70176","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Vitamin B12 metabolism differs among members of the <i>Mycobacterium</i> genus. While non-tuberculous mycobacterial species are B12 producers, tuberculous mycobacteria lack endogenous production and rely on the host supply of this vitamin. Here, we hypothesise that this discrepant phenotype might impact the function of B12-dependent enzymes. We specifically focused on methionine synthases MetH and MetE. Both enzymes showed genetic differences in the <i>Mycobacterium</i> genus, resulting in a clear divergence between tuberculous and non-tuberculous species. Unexpectedly, the dependency of MetH on B12 was indistinguishable between <i>M. tuberculosis</i> and <i>M. smegmatis</i>, assayed as representative members of tuberculous and non-tuberculous species, respectively. However, MetE showed robust phenotypic differences between these species, displaying a finely tuned B12 regulation in <i>M. tuberculosis</i>, in contrast to a more permissive regulation in <i>M. smegmatis</i>. Both orthologs differ in the vitamin isoform specifically recognised, and the B12 threshold level required for MetE regulation. Since the B12 regulatory element in the <i>metE</i> gene is an RNA riboswitch, we analysed the polymorphisms in this region, with a special focus on loss-of-function mutations identified after in vitro selection. We used this information to engineer a whole-cell B12 biosensor in the genetically fastidious <i>Mycobacterium</i> genus, being able to detect vitamin B12 concentration in the range of micrograms per millilitre.</p>","PeriodicalId":209,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Biotechnology","volume":"18 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1751-7915.70176","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144244554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chicken Manure as a Sustainable Bile Acid Source for Biotechnological Applications","authors":"Johannes Holert,&nbsp;Rudolf Wilhelm,&nbsp;Jens Henker,&nbsp;Claudia A. Reinker,&nbsp;Franziska M. Müller,&nbsp;Bodo Philipp","doi":"10.1111/1751-7915.70178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.70178","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is widely administered to dissolve gallstones, treat liver disorders and reduce blood cholesterol levels. This study investigated fresh and dried chicken manure as a sustainable bioresource for chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), a precursor for the biotechnological production of UDCA. For this, bile acids from five commercial dried and seven fresh chicken manure samples were analysed. The bile acid pool consisted predominantly of CDCA (30%–90%) and 7-keto lithocholic acid (7k-LCA, 8%–56%), with minor amounts of cholic acid. CDCA concentrations varied between 62 and 2990 mg per kg dry weight, and the highest concentrations were found in two samples from fresh chicken manure, confirming that chickens can produce high but varying amounts of faecal CDCA. As a proof of principle, a newly created <i>Pseudomonas putida</i> KT2440 strain expressing a heterologous 7α−/7β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase system was shown to be able to transform manure-derived CDCA into UDCA without prior substrate purification from raw ethanolic chicken manure extracts. These results demonstrate that chicken manure can be used as an untapped resource for bile acids for biotechnological applications, providing a novel approach for the valorisation of this bioresource.</p>","PeriodicalId":209,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Biotechnology","volume":"18 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1751-7915.70178","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144244555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toehold Switch-Based Approach for Engineering Acid-Tolerance Modules to Enhance Production Robustness of Industrial E. coli Strains at Low pH","authors":"Xin Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaofang Yan,&nbsp;Peng Liu,&nbsp;Haozheng Huang,&nbsp;Zhanglin Lin,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Yang","doi":"10.1111/1751-7915.70175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.70175","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Enhancing acid tolerance of industrial microorganisms is critical for improving fermentation efficiency and sustainability. This study presents a synthetic biology approach that employs toehold switch-based acid-tolerance modules to engineer acid-tolerant strains. This toehold switch-based approach enables the construction of modules consisting of a trigger block and a switch block, generating a synthetic module library of ~10⁵ constructs that integrate four acid-responsive promoters and 18 acid-resistance genes. Through stepwise evaluation, we identified two best synthetic modules, RE-6 and RE-38, which enabled an industrial lysine-producing strain to maintain lysine titers and yields at pH 5.5 comparable to those observed in the parent strain at pH 6.8. Transcriptional analyses revealed that upregulation of key acid-resistance genes involved in protein quality control, reactive oxygen species scavenging and redox homeostasis contributed to the enhanced acid tolerance of the engineered strains. Our study offers a powerful toehold switch-based approach for constructing synthetic modules of interest, particularly for enhancing the robustness and productivity of industrial strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":209,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Biotechnology","volume":"18 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1751-7915.70175","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144244556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Use of a Protein Cage System for Producing Bioactive Peptides in Escherichia coli","authors":"Maxim D. Harding,&nbsp;Mark A. Jackson,&nbsp;Edward K. Gilding,&nbsp;Kuok Yap,&nbsp;David J. Craik,&nbsp;Frank Sainsbury,&nbsp;Nicole Lawrence","doi":"10.1111/1751-7915.70158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.70158","url":null,"abstract":"<p>New therapeutics are urgently needed to curb the spread of drug-resistant diseases. Bioactive peptides (BAPs), including antimicrobial peptides, are emerging as an exciting new class of compounds with advantages over current drug modalities, especially small molecule drugs that are prone to resistance development. Here, we evaluated a bacteriophage P22 virus-like particle (VLP) system where BAPs are encapsulated as fusion proteins with the P22 scaffold protein (SP) within self-assembling protein cages in <i>Escherichia coli</i>. Representative peptides from three structurally distinct classes of BAPs were successfully encapsulated into P22 VLPs at high cargo to VLP coat protein (CP) ratios that corresponded to interactions between the compact electropositive structures of the SP-BAPs and electronegative regions on the inward facing surface of CP subunits. However, high loading densities did not correspond to improved SP-BAP yields. An unexpected finding of this study was that while encapsulation alleviated negative effects of SP-BAPs on <i>E. coli</i> growth, the P22 scaffold protein acted as a sufficient fusion partner for accumulating BAPs, and co-expression of the CP did not further improve SP-BAP yields. Nevertheless, encapsulation in VLPs provided a useful first step in the purification pipeline for producing both linear and cyclic recombinant (r)BAPs that were functionally equivalent to their synthetic counterparts. Further efforts to optimise expression ratios of CP to SP-BAP fusions will be required to realise the full potential of encapsulation for protecting expression hosts and maximising rBAP yields.</p>","PeriodicalId":209,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Biotechnology","volume":"18 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1751-7915.70158","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking Enhanced Efficacy of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa","authors":"Patrick Ofori Tawiah,&nbsp;Sadia Sultana,&nbsp;Jan-Ulrik Dahl","doi":"10.1111/1751-7915.70174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.70174","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Infectious diseases continue to be a global health burden. Among the major human pathogens is the Gram-negative bacterium <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, which is particularly due to its wide range of drug resistance mechanisms. Aminoglycosides, which have long been used in treating pseudomonal infections, are increasingly undermined by resistance. This opinion article discusses the use and challenges of aminoglycosides against <i>P. aeruginosa</i> and highlights recent strategies that enhance aminoglycoside efficacy. These include combinational therapies, metabolic stimulants/adjuvants, silver, and more recently developed derivatives such as AGXX, many of which have been reported to potentiate the cytotoxic effects of aminoglycosides and re-sensitise aminoglycoside-resistant strains. While these findings pave the way for future therapies, the clinical relevance of many in vitro studies remains to be investigated.</p>","PeriodicalId":209,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Biotechnology","volume":"18 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1751-7915.70174","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144179262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amino Acids From Root Exudates Induce Bacillus Spore Germination to Enhance Root Colonisation and Plant Growth Promotion","authors":"Lili Tao,&nbsp;Xinli Sun,&nbsp;Pascale B. Beauregard,&nbsp;Taimeng Tan,&nbsp;Yuling Zhang,&nbsp;Jiyu Xie,&nbsp;Guidong Huang,&nbsp;Nan Zhang,&nbsp;Youzhi Miao,&nbsp;Qirong Shen,&nbsp;Zhihui Xu,&nbsp;Ruifu Zhang","doi":"10.1111/1751-7915.70172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.70172","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Strains of <i>Bacillus</i> species, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, have been commercialised as biofertilisers; they are ideal for this because these species form spores that can be stored stably for a long time. However, for these spores to exert their full beneficial effects, they must germinate. The specific germination signals in the rhizosphere, particularly those from plant root exudates, remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the germination signals from different growth states of cucumber (<i>Cucumis sativus</i>) for spores of <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> SQR9 and <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> NCIB 3610. We identified the corresponding germination receptors and compared them biochemically between the <i>Bacillus</i> species. Larger plants better stimulated spore germination. Five amino acids—L-isoleucine, L-ornithine, L-valine, L-serine and β-alanine were—identified as spore germination signals. Combined application of a mixture of these amino acids with bacterial spores markedly enhanced the cucumber growth-promoting properties of <i>B. velezensis</i> SQR9. The germination receptor for these amino acids was GerA in both <i>Bacillus</i> species. Differences in spore germination efficiency between <i>B. subtilis</i> and <i>B. velezensis</i> may be attributable to variations in the GerA ligand-recognition sites. Expression of GerA from <i>B. subtilis</i> NCIB 3610 in <i>B. velezensis</i> SQR9 enhanced the spore germination rate of the latter. Our study highlights the pivotal role of amino acids in regulating spore germination of <i>Bacillus</i> and subsequent plant root colonisation, emphasising their potential to enhance the efficacy of <i>Bacillus</i>-based biofertilisers. Engineering of germination receptors is a promising approach to enhance the spore germination efficiency of biofertiliser strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":209,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Biotechnology","volume":"18 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1751-7915.70172","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144179260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}