Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology最新文献

{"title":"Influence of working memory and spatial anxiety on floor slant perception.","authors":"Claire E Weseman, Daniele Nardi, Humphery Ahenkora-Amoako, Gerardo Ramirez, Caroline E Erny, Jack D Gill, Christian T Jenkins, Trey Koch, Ian D McBeath, Joseph B Wilson","doi":"10.1177/17470218251370907","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218251370907","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spatial anxiety, a domain-specific anxiety related to spatial processing, has been shown to impair navigation and spatial performance. However, its relationship with reorientation tasks remains underexplored. This study examined whether spatial anxiety predicts performance on slope-based reorientation tasks and investigated the role of working memory (WM), spatial reasoning, and sex in this relationship. Seventy-four blindfolded participants completed two tasks in a small-scale environment: a Perceptual task, requiring the identification of the uphill direction, and a Memory task, involving the recall of a target object's location. Spatial anxiety, WM, spatial reasoning, and general reading ability were assessed. Results revealed that spatial anxiety significantly predicted poorer performance on the Perceptual task, with higher spatial anxiety associated with greater errors and faster reaction times. WM positively predicted performance in the Perceptual task, suggesting its role in supporting spatial updating during blindfolded navigation. No significant relationships between spatial anxiety or WM and performance on the Memory task were observed. Residualized regression analyses showed that the predictive power of spatial anxiety on Perceptual task performance remained significant after controlling for general reading ability and sex, but diminished when accounting for WM and spatial reasoning. Future research should explore real-time measures of anxiety and employ more diverse samples to better understand the interplay between cognitive and emotional factors in navigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218251370907"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144874943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-related differences in electrophysiological correlates of visuospatial reorientation.","authors":"Clément Naveilhan, Alexandre Delaux, Marion Durteste, Jerome Lebrun, Raphaël Zory, Angelo Arleo, Stephen Ramanoël","doi":"10.1177/17470218251369786","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218251369786","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spatial navigation abilities decline with age, affecting older adults' quality of life. Recent studies revealed a specific impairment in landmark-based reorientation, linked to changes in scene-selective brain regions' activity. While functional magnetic resonance imaging studies suggest increased activity in these regions in older adults, more detailed investigation of brain dynamics associated with visuospatial processing is warranted. We analyzed event-related potentials (ERPs) and event-related spectral perturbations recorded from electrodes over scene-selective regions. Twenty-eight young adults and 28 older adults performed a desktop-based reorientation task using objects as landmarks, contrasted with a passive scene perception task. Older adults showed reduced reorientation performance along with increased latencies of early cortical markers of visual processing in scene-selective regions, suggesting that navigational deficits may result from delayed processing of visuospatial information. Decreasing landmark size, and thus increasing perceptual difficulty, impaired performance in both age groups, but only resulted in a delayed P1 component in older adults, suggesting an age-related delayed early discrimination of smaller landmarks. Interestingly, by contrasting the reorientation task with a passive scene perception task, we were able to dissociate the age-related effect over the perception and the use of objects as landmarks. Our results suggest that most of the differences reported for neural markers of reorientation were already present in a passive scene perception task, highlighting the importance of accounting for age-related differences in scene perception when investigating deficits in visuospatial reorientation. When these differences in passive perception were accounted for using regression-based ERP, our results indicated that young adults showed increased neural markers of attentional resources allocated to the reorientation task, as indicated by an increased P1 amplitude. On the other hand, older adults exhibited increased N1 amplitude associated with <i>theta</i> activity during reorientation, suggesting that they might rely on more extensive neural resources to process visual objects, only when using them as landmarks. These findings emphasize the need to dissociate age-related changes in early perceptual processing from those affecting higher-order visuo-spatial mechanisms and suggest that age-related differences in scene processing may underpin some navigational deficits in older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218251369786"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144817413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The processing of the definite article in Brazilian Portuguese: When 'the' carries gender and number marking.","authors":"João Vieira, Elisângela Teixeira, Hayward J Godwin, Denis Drieghe","doi":"10.1177/17470218251367417","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218251367417","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research on eye movements during reading has shown that function words receive fewer and shorter fixations than content words. However, recent studies suggest that when matched in frequency, length, and predictability, such differences disappear. Two studies in English still indicate a special status of the article 'the'. Angele and Rayner, using the gaze-contingent boundary paradigm, found that ungrammatical previews of 'the' were skipped more often than grammatical content words, while Staub et al. found that repeated articles were noticed less often than repeated content words. We extended both studies to Brazilian Portuguese (BP), where articles carry more syntactic information (gender and number) than in English. In a gaze-contingent boundary experiment, we found that the preview of an ungrammatical definite article was skipped more often than the grammatical continuation, suggesting the mechanism of automatically skipping articles is also present in BP. Because this mechanism does not seem to be influenced by the extra information articles carry in BP compared to English, it is likely that it is the high frequency of the articles that is triggering word skipping as opposed to a special function word status. However, in the second experiment, repeated articles were noticed nearly as frequently as content words, presumably because the additional syntactic information articles carry in BP is connected to the sentence's structure in a more complex way than, for instance, English. So, in an artificial task, such as repetition detection during reading, differences between articles and content words can manifest themselves.</p>","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218251367417"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144804645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does holding decision-makers accountable make them less loss averse? A three-study replication attempt.","authors":"Johannes Rollwage, Jan Alexander Häusser, Stefan Schulz-Hardt","doi":"10.1177/17470218251369493","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218251369493","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Holding people accountable has been heralded as a valuable measure for debiasing judgments and decisions. Vieider reported that holding people accountable for their decisions reduces <i>loss aversion</i>, the irrational tendency to overemphasize losses relative to gains. The present research initially aimed to clarify whether the reduced loss aversion under accountability reported by Vieider is driven by either process or outcome accountability. However, as we did not find any effects of either process or outcome accountability on loss aversion in two experiments, our focus shifted toward a direct replication attempt. Our third experiment used materials, procedures, and manipulations that closely matched those of the original study, and almost doubled its sample size. Despite these efforts, we still did not replicate Vieider's findings, with a Bayesian test providing substantial evidence in favor of the null hypothesis of no difference between experimental conditions. We discuss two potential reasons for this replication failure, namely the possible unsuitability of the loss aversion measure in the original study and our replication experiments, and the possibility of a missing link between accountability and loss aversion.</p>","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218251369493"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144804643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of romantic relationships in socially shared retrieval-induced forgetting: Cognitive and neural evidence.","authors":"Huan Zhang, Yuyao Chang, Shamali Ahati, Jiaying Pu, Tour Liu","doi":"10.1177/17470218251367720","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218251367720","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current study investigated how romantic relationships affected socially shared memory in heterosexual couples. Experiment 1 explored the influence of material sharing and intimacy on shared memory. Both romantic pairs and strangers showed memory effects from retrieval practice, but socially shared retrieval-induced forgetting occurred only in romantic pairs. Experiment 2 examined differences in neural activities during dyadic retrieval practice processes between romantic and stranger pairs. Results suggested that romantic pairs exhibited distinct memory effects compared to strangers, with higher brain activation in the prefrontal cortex and greater neural synchronization. This study sheds light on social memory in romantic relationships, highlighting implications for shared memory and knowledge organization.</p>","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218251367720"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144804646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minimal training duration inducing near transfer in two-phase working memory training paradigm.","authors":"Nan Ni, Hiroyuki Tsubomi, Satoru Saito","doi":"10.1177/17470218251369061","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218251369061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Working memory (WM) training typically induces large improvements on trained tasks, while evidence for whether these improvements transfer to other tasks remains mixed. Using a novel two-phase WM training paradigm, the present study investigated the role of training duration and the underlying mechanisms of training from the perspective of cognitive skill learning. In two experiments, we examined whether the cross-phase near transfer effects observed by Ni et al. (2023) could still be observed with minimal training durations. Both experiments involved two sets of adaptive training on serial order backward recall tasks with verbal or spatial stimulus domains. In Experiment 1, participants completed a single session of 100 trials in both training phases, but no evidence of transfer was observed. In Experiment 2, we extended the first training phase to three sessions with a total of 240 trials, and observed that backward digit span training positively transferred to subsequent backward letter span training. In contrast, backward circle span training did not enhance subsequent backward letter span training and instead showed a trend toward negative transfer. These findings suggest that transfer effects are unstable with these minimal training durations. Therefore, we recommend at least three to five training sessions per phase, as implemented by Ni et al. (2023), to ensure reliable acquisition and transfer of cognitive skills. Overall, this study highlights the potential of the two-phase training paradigm and provides practical guidance for developing more effective training protocols in future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218251369061"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144804644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Massed practice improves learning of serial motor skills.","authors":"Leandro Nogueira Dutra, Carlos Eduardo Campos, Cícero Luciano Alves Costa, Arthur Moreira Ferreira, Crislaine Rangel Couto, Herbert Ugrinowitsch","doi":"10.1177/17470218251369711","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218251369711","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Memory encompasses the ability to encode, store, and consolidate information. Temporal spacing between events can influence information processing in working memory and impact memory consolidation. The effects of inter-trial spacing on working memory can be investigated by manipulating practice distribution. However, the effects of the spacing of practice on serial motor skill learning remain unknown. This study manipulated two different inter-trial intervals during the learning of a serial motor skill. We recruited 30 children, mean age of 9.4 ± 0.8 years, with no prior experience in the task of sequentially pressing four keys on a computer numeric keypad. Participants were randomly assigned into either a massed practice condition with a 2-s inter-trial interval or a distributed practice condition with a 30-s inter-trial interval. After 24 hr, testing phase was conducted in both massed and distributed conditions. We found that a short inter-trial interval promoted better memory consolidation and learning in both retention conditions, with massed practice demonstrating greater consistency than distributed practice in the distributed retention test. These findings suggest that shorter inter-trial intervals enhance memory consolidation and improve serial motor skill learning. We propose a different theoretical framework based on decay theory to explain the role of practice distribution in memory consolidation and learning.</p>","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218251369711"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144800076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repetition leads to short-term reduction of word frequency and name agreement effects: Evidence from a Dutch two-session picture naming experiment.","authors":"Caitlin Decuyper, Ruth E Corps, Antje S Meyer","doi":"10.1177/17470218251365517","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218251365517","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Word frequency (WF) and name agreement (NA) affect a word's accessibility during speech production. Speakers are faster to name pictures with high-frequency (e.g. <i>dog</i>) compared to low-frequency names (e.g. <i>rhinoceros</i>) and those that a group of speakers tend to agree on the name of (high NA; e.g. <i>arm</i>) than those that they do not (low NA; e.g. <i>sofa, couch</i>). Recent accounts of lexical access suggest that the structure of the mental lexicon is flexible and changes with exposure. Consistent with this view, repetition priming studies have shown that low-frequency and low NA items benefit from repetition more than high-frequency and high NA items. But there is little evidence that repetition has long-term effects on WF and NA. We tested this issue in a two-session (online) picture naming study. In Session 1, participants named pictures varying in WF and NA three times each, and so we could test the short-term effects of repetition on WF and NA. We tested long-term effects of repetition by having participants name the same old items 1 week later in Session 2, together with new items that they had not named previously. In Session 1 the WF effect was eliminated by repetition, while the NA effect was reduced but still present. Thus, previous naming affected both the WF and NA effects. However, both effects reappeared in Session 2. These findings suggest that previous naming can reduce the WF and NA effect, thus affecting how easy it is to produce a word, but these effects are relatively short-lived.</p>","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218251365517"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144768970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sense of agency and ideomotor learning: High dispositional sense of agency is linked to better action-effect learning.","authors":"Lorina Puech, Karolina Moutsopoulou, Lionel Brunel","doi":"10.1177/17470218251365225","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218251365225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined whether the dispositional sense of agency modulates ideomotor learning and the implicit acquisition of action-effect sequences. Two experiments using a serial reaction time task were conducted, differing only in the structure of R-E mappings: a compatible, structured mapping (Experiment 1) versus an incompatible, unpredictable mapping (Experiment 2). Across both experiments, participants responded to visual stimuli embedded in a repeating sequence, with each response triggering a tone. Dispositional agency, assessed through the French sense of agency scale, enhanced sequence learning in Experiment 1: participants with higher scores on the sense of positive agency subscale exhibited faster reaction times, greater disruption following sequence change and stronger recovery after reinstatement. This effect was absent in Experiment 2, suggesting that dispositional agency supports learning only when R-E contingencies are coherent. Situational agency, measured at key task points, followed similar patterns but was not significantly modulated by dispositional agency. Post-experimental interviews revealed limited explicit awareness of the sequence structure. These findings suggest that dispositional agency enhances predictive learning under structured conditions, without guaranteeing explicit access to learned regularities. The results underscore the critical role of R-E structure in shaping learning and the subjective experience of control.</p>","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218251365225"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144768971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From task-general towards task-specific cognitive operations in a few minutes? Working memory performance as an adaptive process.","authors":"Jussi Jylkkä, Zachary Stickley, Daniel Fellman, Otto Waris, Liisa Ritakallio, Todd D Little, Juha Salmi, Matti Laine","doi":"10.1177/17470218241278272","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218241278272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Measurement of cognitive functions is typically based on the implicit assumption that the mental architecture underlying cognitive task performance is constant throughout the task. In contrast, skill learning theory implies that cognitively demanding task performance is an adaptive process that progresses from initial heavy engagement of effortful and task-general metacognitive and executive control processes towards more automatic and task-specific performance. However, this hypothesis is rarely applied to the short time spans of traditional cognitive tasks such as working memory (WM) tasks. We utilised longitudinal structural equation models on two well-powered data sets to test the hypothesis that the initial stages of WM task performances load heavily on a task-general g-factor and then start to diverge towards factors specific to task structure. In line with the hypothesis, data from the first experiment (<i>N</i> = 296) were successfully fitted in a model with task-initial unity of the WM paradigm-specific latent factors, after which their intercorrelations started to diverge. The second experiment (<i>N</i> = 201) replicated this pattern except for one paradigm-specific latent factor. These preliminary results suggest that the processes underlying WM task performance tend to progress rapidly from more task-general towards task-specific, in line with the cognitive skill learning framework. Such task-internal dynamics has important implications for the measurement of complex cognitive functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1547-1563"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12267864/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142009325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}