Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology最新文献_第8页

Serendipity, Strategy and Psychic Secretions: From General Processes to Individual Differences. EXPRESS：意外发现，策略和精神分泌物：从一般过程到个体差异。

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2026-08-24 DOI: 10.1177/17470218261484941

Robert C Honey

引用次数: 0

Renewal of Retroactive Interference in Pavlovian Conditioning: The Effect of Outcome Valence on Expectancy Learning and Evaluative Conditioning. 巴甫洛夫条件反射中回溯干扰的更新：结果效价对期望学习和评价条件反射的影响。

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2026-08-21 DOI: 10.1177/17470218261484135

Jérémie Jozefowiez, James E Witnauer, Kristina A Stenstrom, Audrey Huff, Ralph R Miller

{"title":"Renewal of Retroactive Interference in Pavlovian Conditioning: The Effect of Outcome Valence on Expectancy Learning and Evaluative Conditioning.","authors":"Jérémie Jozefowiez, James E Witnauer, Kristina A Stenstrom, Audrey Huff, Ralph R Miller","doi":"10.1177/17470218261484135","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218261484135","url":null,"abstract":"In retroactive associative interference, an interfering association between a cue X and an outcome O2 is trained to disrupt the expression of a previously learned association between X and an outcome O1. Associative interference is stronger when X is presented in the interference context used to train the X-O2 association than in the acquisition context used to train the X-O1 association (ABA renewal). Three experiments are reported that assessed the impact of the valences of O1 and O2 on the efficiency of interference and its susceptibility to ABA renewal in both the cognitive domain (assessed through outcome expectancy) and the emotional domain (assessed through evaluative conditioning). The results are consistent with prior reports of a dissociation between cognitive and emotional measures. In the cognitive domain, general contextual modulation of expectancy learning occurred regardless of the valence of the outcomes. When testing occurred in the acquisition context, interference was less efficient when both the O1 and O2 outcomes were appetitive. In the emotional domain, contextual modulation occurred only when O1 was aversive and O2 either appetitive or neutral. An appetitive O2 increased the cue valence only when O1 was aversive and tested in the interference context, while an aversive O2 lowered it when O1 was either appetitive or neutral. Neutral O2 slightly increased the cue valence when O1 was aversive and decreased it when O1 was appetitive.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218261484135"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148797454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Temporal Modulations of Variability and Skewness in Grip Aperture Suggest the Involvement of Biomechanical Constraints in Grasping. EXPRESS：握力孔径的变异性和偏度的时间调节表明参与了抓握的生物力学约束。

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2026-08-21 DOI: 10.1177/17470218261483947

Stefano Uccelli

{"title":"Temporal Modulations of Variability and Skewness in Grip Aperture Suggest the Involvement of Biomechanical Constraints in Grasping.","authors":"Stefano Uccelli","doi":"10.1177/17470218261483947","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218261483947","url":null,"abstract":"Some reports suggested that the variability of finger apertures in grasping violates Weber's law, but such a violation is currently debated by several theoretical accounts. Here, data from 3 studies, yielding 54 participants, were analyzed to assess which account is more plausible. The temporal unfolding of grasps directed at various object sizes was investigated, tracking the mean aperture, variability (standard deviation), and distributional asymmetry (skewness) of the finger aperture over normalized time. Overall, the three studies converged in revealing that: (a) the mean apertures increased at early stages of the movement and then decreased at late stages, (b) variability increased at early stages but decreased at late stages, and (c) skewness revealed a more complex pattern, starting positive at early stages, switching to negative around 50% of movement time, and returning to positive at late stages. Crucially, variability increased as a function of object size, in accord with Weber's law, whereas skewness decreased. These findings suggest that biomechanical factors constrain variability differently as grasping unfolds: maximum apertures are constrained by the finger's maximum span, whereas objects' size constrains final apertures. This work provides evidence that the variability of finger apertures in grasping obeys Weber's law but is progressively constrained by biomechanics at late control stages.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218261483947"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148797512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Occupational Stereotyping: Individual Differences in Susceptibility and in Response to Training. 表达：职业刻板印象-易感性和对培训反应的个体差异。

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2026-08-21 DOI: 10.1177/17470218261482047

Eimear Finnegan, Alan Garnham, Jane Oakhill

{"title":"Occupational Stereotyping: Individual Differences in Susceptibility and in Response to Training.","authors":"Eimear Finnegan, Alan Garnham, Jane Oakhill","doi":"10.1177/17470218261482047","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218261482047","url":null,"abstract":"In previous studies, we investigated the effects of training on the reduction of occupational stereotypes indicated by responses to the question of whether two words (e.g. uncle/builder or aunt/builder) could refer to the same person. In each study, we also collected individual difference measures of sexism, sexist language, sex typing, and fear of negative evaluation. Considering the individual studies, the relations between the individual difference measures and measures of stereotyping were either absent or not consistent and were not reported in the published versions of the studies. In this paper, we analyse data from 299 participants across 8 studies in an attempt to identify consistent patterns. We looked at five individual difference measures (Ambivalent Sexism Inventory [ASI], Inventory of Attitudes towards Sexist and Non-sexist Language General [IASNL-G], Bem Sex Role Inventory, Ethics Questionnaire, Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation) and four measures of performance: initial differences in speed and accuracy of responding to stereotypically congruent (nurse-aunt) and incongruent (nurse-uncle) word pairs and changes in those differences with training. We found that one individual difference measure, the ASI, predicted differences on both initial performance and response to training, though unexpectedly people with high sexism scores were more, not less, susceptible to training. Scores on a second measure, The IASNL-G was also predictive but made no contribution to either speed or accuracy in addition to that of ASI scores. We discuss the implications of these results and their relation to previous literature.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218261482047"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148797441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Children's Attention to Object Inconsistencies During Scene Viewing. EXPRESS：儿童在观看场景时对物体不一致的注意。

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2026-08-21 DOI: 10.1177/17470218261484063

Elizabeth A G Watson, Louise Ewing, George L Malcolm

{"title":"Children's Attention to Object Inconsistencies During Scene Viewing.","authors":"Elizabeth A G Watson, Louise Ewing, George L Malcolm","doi":"10.1177/17470218261484063","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218261484063","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of object inconsistencies on attention during scene viewing have been extensively documented in adults. However, comparatively little is known about how these inconsistencies affect scene viewing behaviour during development, particularly across middle childhood following changes to the processing of local elements (i.e. objects) within scenes. The current study tasked children aged 5 to 6 years, 9 to 10 years, and adults with exploring natural scenes while their eye movements were recorded. To create object inconsistencies while controlling for potential developmental differences in contextual world knowledge, we manipulated object orientation, adding an inverted and upright object to each scene. Effects of these local-level changes were characterised by the time taken to first fixate the relative objects, the time spent on each object and the exploration of the overall scene. Our findings suggest that by 5 to 6 years children are already very good at detecting inverted (relative to upright) objects within natural scenes. However, younger children spend more time viewing inverted objects at the cost of overall scene exploration. While this behaviour towards inconsistent objects became more adult-like with age, differences in broader scene exploration between 9- and 10-year-old children and adults were also evident, suggesting that the mechanisms driving scene viewing behaviour continue to develop beyond the ages tested here.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218261484063"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148797519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Beyond the Gender Differences: Gendered Socialization Impact on Gaze-Cueing Effect. 超越性别差异：性别社会化对注视提示效应的影响。

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2026-08-19 DOI: 10.1177/17470218261481785

Ece Yucer, Jay Pratt

{"title":"Beyond the Gender Differences: Gendered Socialization Impact on Gaze-Cueing Effect.","authors":"Ece Yucer, Jay Pratt","doi":"10.1177/17470218261481785","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218261481785","url":null,"abstract":"Previous work has demonstrated that women exhibit stronger gaze-cueing effects than men; however, the nature of this heightened sensitivity to gaze directions has not been investigated. Thus, the current study investigates the role of gendered socialization processes in contributing to gender differences in gaze-cueing effects. In Experiment 1, participants completed a gaze-cueing experiment and a series of questionnaires to investigate the impacts of gendered socialization on any observed gender differences in gaze-cueing effects. In Experiment 2, we eliminated the social aspects of the cues by employing a peripheral cueing paradigm, and participants completed the same series of questionnaires as in Experiment 1. All analyses were conducted using linear mixed-effects models, and the questionnaires were grouped into three factors based on an exploratory factor analysis. The results illustrate that internalized gendered attitudes shaped by gendered socialization modulate attentional orienting to socially meaningful gaze cues, but not to non-social peripheral cues. By integrating gendered socialization into attention research, our findings emphasize that even fundamental cognitive operations are intricately embedded within cultural and social frameworks.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218261481785"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148797529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Structural Constraints Shape Force Estimation: Dissociating Internal Representation and Cross-Limb Mapping. 结构约束形状力估计：解离内部表示和跨肢映射。

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2026-08-19 DOI: 10.1177/17470218261481973

Lin Li, Yanxia Li

{"title":"Structural Constraints Shape Force Estimation: Dissociating Internal Representation and Cross-Limb Mapping.","authors":"Lin Li, Yanxia Li","doi":"10.1177/17470218261481973","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218261481973","url":null,"abstract":"Force estimation is commonly assumed to rely on a unitary internal representation, with differences across paradigms attributed to task demands or feedback availability. The present study tests this assumption by examining whether force estimation reflects the combined influence of multiple structural constraints. Specifically, we dissociate the contributions of internal representation and cross-limb mapping using a contrast-based framework. Participants performed three force estimation tasks-ipsilateral reproduction (IR), contralateral matching (CM), and contralateral reproduction (CR)-across three force levels (10%, 30%, and 50% of maximal voluntary isometric contraction). Error measures (constant error, absolute error, and variable error) were analyzed at both the task level and the structure level. At the task level, IR and CM produced comparable patterns of systematic bias but differed in error magnitude and variability, indicating that the two paradigms are not functionally equivalent. At the structure level, contrast-based analyses revealed dissociable effects of internal representation and cross-limb mapping. Both constraints introduced systematic positive bias and increased error magnitude, particularly at low force levels, while their influence diminished as force increased. In contrast, no statistically significant modulation of response variability was detected under the present experimental design, although the limited number of repetitions constrains the interpretation of this finding. These findings challenge unitary accounts of force estimation and support a framework in which behavior reflects the interaction of multiple constraints whose influence is dynamically weighted by sensory reliability.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218261481973"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148797448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

EXPRESS: Measuring Individual Differences in Word-Meaning Disambiguation. EXPRESS：测量词义消歧的个体差异。

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2026-08-18 DOI: 10.1177/17470218261481735

Lena Maria Blott, Anna E Gowenlock, Adam J Parker, Rogier A Kievit, Kate Nation, Jennifer Rodd

{"title":"EXPRESS: Measuring Individual Differences in Word-Meaning Disambiguation.","authors":"Lena Maria Blott, Anna E Gowenlock, Adam J Parker, Rogier A Kievit, Kate Nation, Jennifer Rodd","doi":"10.1177/17470218261481735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17470218261481735","url":null,"abstract":"Theories of the mental lexicon must explain how people use context to interpret ambiguous words (e.g., \"internal organ\" vs. \"musical organ\") and why people vary on this core aspect of comprehension. Theoretical development has been hampered by the lack of reliable tests of disambiguation skill. We introduce a task in which participants hear three-sentence narratives with an ambiguous final word (e.g., \"organ\") and select the appropriate picture from two alternatives. Experiment 1 (N=197) confirmed the viability of this task using a repeated-measures design optimized for detecting group-level ambiguity effects: participants were slower and less accurate for ambiguous compared with closely matched control items in which the final word was replaced with a similar but unambiguous word, e.g., \"piano\"). We replicated this ambiguity disadvantage using a less closely matched control condition that was developed for Experiment 2 (N=242) which was optimised to measure variation in disambiguation skill. Experiment 2 confirmed robust variability in accuracy and response time, but measurement reliability ranged from r=.41 to .65, below the conventional r=.70 threshold, and correlations with other cognitive tasks were inconsistent. These results highlight the challenges of adapting complex, repeated-measures experimental paradigms to detect individual differences, and provide a framework for developing and assessing such measures.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218261481735"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148797476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Anchor Objects Contribute to Scene Function Understanding. EXPRESS：锚定对象有助于理解场景功能。

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2026-08-14 DOI: 10.1177/17470218261480626

Lea Alexandra Müller Karoza, Sandro Luca Wiesmann, Melissa Lê-Hoa Võ

{"title":"Anchor Objects Contribute to Scene Function Understanding.","authors":"Lea Alexandra Müller Karoza, Sandro Luca Wiesmann, Melissa Lê-Hoa Võ","doi":"10.1177/17470218261480626","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218261480626","url":null,"abstract":"As we navigate everyday environments, we perform complex actions that are typically directed at objects, not entire scenes. While actions are strong predictors of scene category, it remains unclear whether scene function understanding depends more on object-level or scene-level information. We investigate if these actions drive the hierarchical structure of scenes by testing if anchor objects (i.e., the sink), which predict the location of local objects (i.e., the toothbrush), impact scene function understanding. In Experiment 1, participants explicitly matched action words and scenes in which the action-related anchor (REL), the action-unrelated anchor (UNREL) or a random, non-anchor object (RAND) were masked. Matching performance was significantly worse in REL scenes than in UNREL and RAND scenes. In Experiment 2, we measured scene function understanding by using the stimuli as primes in a lexical decision task on action words. Here, the REL condition elicited significantly slower response times than the RAND condition, suggesting that scene function understanding relies primarily on action-related, object-level information. A control experiment showed that these results could not solely be attributed to impaired scene categorization due to anchor-absence. We further showed that stimulus features such as visual realism and object clutter modulated task performance but did not alter the overall pattern of results. Together, our results suggest that scene function understanding depends mainly on the action-related anchor objects, whereas scene context is not always sufficient to understand a scene's functions.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218261480626"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148766409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Emotional Arousal Effects in Visual Word Recognition Across Valence Types: Evidence From an Age-Continuous Sample of Korean Adults. 不同效价类型在视觉词识别中的情绪唤醒效应：来自韩国成年人年龄连续样本的证据。

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2026-08-14 DOI: 10.1177/17470218261481507

Jini Tae, Jinwon Kang, Matthew W Lowder, Wonil Choi

{"title":"Emotional Arousal Effects in Visual Word Recognition Across Valence Types: Evidence From an Age-Continuous Sample of Korean Adults.","authors":"Jini Tae, Jinwon Kang, Matthew W Lowder, Wonil Choi","doi":"10.1177/17470218261481507","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218261481507","url":null,"abstract":"The present study examined how the degree of emotional arousal of positive and negative valence words influences lexical processing and whether this effect varies across the adult lifespan. We analyzed lexical decision latencies for 1,544 emotionally salient words using data from the Korean Lexicon Project 2, which includes web-based lexical decision performance from 2,460 native Korean speakers aged 20 to 69 years. Because the Korean emotion-rating dataset exhibited a bimodal valence distribution with relatively few neutral words, age-by-arousal interactions were examined for positive and negative words separately. The patterns of arousal effects were different, depending on emotional valence: arousal facilitated word recognition for negative emotion words, whereas no such effect was observed for positive emotion words. Moreover, the arousal effect for negative emotion words was modulated by age: for participants in their 20s through 50s, higher-arousal negative words elicited faster responses than lower-arousal words, whereas this facilitative effect was absent among participants in their 60s, who showed relatively stable response times regardless of arousal level. This study represents the first large-scale investigation of affective word recognition in Korean using an age-continuous sample of adult participants.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218261481507"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148759987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0