Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology最新文献_第8页

When function words carry content. EXPRESS：当虚词带有内容时。

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2024-12-26 DOI: 10.1177/17470218241307582

João Vieira, Elisângela Teixeira, Erica Rodrigues, Hayward J Godwin, Denis Drieghe

{"title":"When function words carry content.","authors":"João Vieira, Elisângela Teixeira, Erica Rodrigues, Hayward J Godwin, Denis Drieghe","doi":"10.1177/17470218241307582","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218241307582","url":null,"abstract":"Studies on eye movements during reading have primarily focussed on the processing of content words (CWs), such as verbs and nouns. Those few studies that have analysed eye movements on function words (FWs), such as articles and prepositions, have reported that FWs are typically skipped more often and, when fixated, receive fewer and shorter fixations than CWs. However, those studies were often conducted in languages where FWs contain comparatively little information (e.g., the in English). In Brazilian Portuguese (BP), FWs can carry gender and number marking. In the present study, we analysed data from the RASTROS corpus of natural reading in BP and examined the effects of word length, predictability, frequency and word class on eye movements. Very limited differences between FWs and CWs were observed mostly restricted to the skipping rates of short words, such that FWs were skipped more often than CWs. For fixation times, differences were either nonexistent or restricted to atypical FWs, such as low frequency FWs, warranting further research. As such, our results are more compatible with studies showing limited or no differences in processing speed between FWs and CWs when influences of word length, frequency and predictability are taken into account.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218241307582"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142771760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Learning new words via reading: The influence of emotional narrative context on learning novel adjectives. 《通过阅读学习新词：情感叙事语境对小说形容词学习的影响》。

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2024-12-26 DOI: 10.1177/17470218241308221

Yuzhen Dong, Matthew Hc Mak, Robert Hepach, Kate Nation

{"title":"Learning new words via reading: The influence of emotional narrative context on learning novel adjectives.","authors":"Yuzhen Dong, Matthew Hc Mak, Robert Hepach, Kate Nation","doi":"10.1177/17470218241308221","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218241308221","url":null,"abstract":"People learn new words in narrative contexts, but little is known about how the emotional valence of the narrative influences word learning. In a pre-registered experiment, 76 English-speaking adults read 30 novel adjectives embedded in 60 short narratives (20 positive, 20 negative, and 20 neutral valence). Both immediately after and 24 hr later, participants completed a series of post-tests, including speeded recognition, sentence completion, meaning generation, and valence judgement. Results showed that participants learned both the novel word form and its meaning. Compared with novel words experienced in the neutral contexts, those read in the emotional contexts (both positive and negative) showed better learning of orthographic form in the immediate post-test, but only those read in the negative context were recognised with greater accuracy in the delayed post-test. Furthermore, the valence of the context was reflected in the word meanings participants generated for each novel word, suggesting that word valence can be inferred from the valence of the contexts. Results from sentence completion and valence judgement were mixed, depending on the task demands. These findings are discussed with reference to theories of affective embodiment and the implications for learning abstract words are considered.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218241308221"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142786116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Alexithymia does not explain facial expression recognition difficulties across the dark triad spectrum. EXPRESS：述情障碍并不能解释面部表情识别的困难。

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2024-12-26 DOI: 10.1177/17470218241307763

John R Towler

{"title":"Alexithymia does not explain facial expression recognition difficulties across the dark triad spectrum.","authors":"John R Towler","doi":"10.1177/17470218241307763","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218241307763","url":null,"abstract":"The dark triad encompasses socially aversive personality traits-narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism-and has been shown to be associated with expression recognition difficulties. Alexithymia has been shown to be associated with the dark triad, and recent evidence has suggested that co-occurring alexithymia may explain facial expression recognition difficulties found in the autism spectrum. Here, I tested this alexithymia hypothesis for individuals on the dark triad spectrum. Using an individual difference approach, I assessed whether trait alexithymia was able to predict unique variance in facial expression discrimination ability and facial expression labelling ability above and beyond an individual's level of dark triad traits. Results showed that autistic traits, alexithymic traits, and dark triad traits all correlated with expression recognition ability. However, linear regression models showed that an individual's level of dark triad traits, their level of autistic traits, and a brief measure of general cognitive ability each predicted unique variance in facial expression discrimination and facial expression labelling ability, but an individual's level of alexithymic traits predicted no additional unique variance. Results suggest that dark triad and autistic traits each contribute to expression recognition ability in unique ways alongside general cognitive ability.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218241307763"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142785685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does difficulty moderate learning? A comparative analysis of the desirable difficulties framework and cognitive load theory. 困难会抑制学习吗？理想困难框架与认知负荷理论之比较分析。

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2024-12-24 DOI: 10.1177/17470218241308143

Wesley Pyke, Johan Lunau, Amir-Homayoun Javadi

{"title":"Does difficulty moderate learning? A comparative analysis of the desirable difficulties framework and cognitive load theory.","authors":"Wesley Pyke, Johan Lunau, Amir-Homayoun Javadi","doi":"10.1177/17470218241308143","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218241308143","url":null,"abstract":"There is evidence to suggest that variations in difficulty during learning can moderate long-term retention. However, the direction of this effect is under contention throughout the literature. According to both the Desirable Difficulties Framework (DDF) and the Retrieval Effort Hypothesis (REH), increasing difficulty (thus relative effort) during retrieval-based learning can help achieve superior long-term retention. One reason for this is due to improved schema formation following a deeper encoding strategy, allowing for more efficient retrieval techniques. A conflicting theory discussed in this review is the Cognitive Load Theory (CLT). The CLT states that conditions for learning are best when extraneous load is reduced, and intrinsic load is optimised. By doing this, germane resources can focus on schema formation. While both theories consider schema formation key to successful retention, the way in which it is best achieved is conflicting. To date, both theories have yet to be compared despite their commonalities. This review evaluates the aforementioned theories, before proposing a new model of difficulty in learning. The proposed model integrates principles from the DDF, REH, and CLT, incorporating insights from Perceptual Load Theory (PLT). It suggests that task difficulty should be adjusted based on the material's complexity and the learner's expertise. Increasing difficulty benefits low-element-interactivity tasks by enhancing focus and retention, while reducing difficulty in high-element-interactivity tasks prevents cognitive overload.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218241308143"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142785774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

AI-generated estimates of familiarity, concreteness, valence, and arousal for over 100,000 Spanish words. EXPRESS：人工智能生成的对超过10万个西班牙语单词的熟悉度、具体程度、效价和兴奋度的估计。

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2024-12-24 DOI: 10.1177/17470218241306694

Gonzalo Martínez, Javier Conde, Pedro Reviriego, Marc Brysbaert

引用次数: 0

Absolute, not perceived, delay modulates agency judgement: Evidence for cognitive impenetrability of sense of agency. 绝对的，非感知的，延迟调节代理判断：代理感认知不可穿透性的证据。

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2024-12-21 DOI: 10.1177/17470218241306433

Merve Erdoğan, Fuat Balcı

{"title":"Absolute, not perceived, delay modulates agency judgement: Evidence for cognitive impenetrability of sense of agency.","authors":"Merve Erdoğan, Fuat Balcı","doi":"10.1177/17470218241306433","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218241306433","url":null,"abstract":"The sense of agency, which refers to awareness of causing events, is consistently influenced by the time interval between actions and their outcomes such that longer delays diminish the perceived strength of the agency. This study investigated whether the sense of agency is modulated by the distance between experienced delays or by their subjective discriminability, which is known to be subject to Weber's law (discriminability being a function of ratios rather than absolute differences between time intervals). To this end, participants executed keypress actions leading to outcomes at varying delays. In one experiment, delays were equidistant on a logarithmic scale (constant ratio relationship), while in the other experiment, they were equidistant on a linear scale (constant distance relationship). Our results showed that judgments of the agency were predicted better by actual temporal proximity between actions and outcomes compared with their subjective discriminability. Beyond providing a more complete picture regarding the effect of outcome delays on the sense of agency, these findings have broader implications for the mechanistic underpinnings of the sense of agency. They imply that even explicit judgments of agency can be influenced by certain factors transcending conscious experience.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218241306433"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142755129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Revisiting novel word semantic priming: The role of strategic priming mechanisms. 新词语义启动：策略启动机制的作用。

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2024-12-21 DOI: 10.1177/17470218241306747

Lewis V Ball, Perrine Brusini, Colin Bannard

{"title":"Revisiting novel word semantic priming: The role of strategic priming mechanisms.","authors":"Lewis V Ball, Perrine Brusini, Colin Bannard","doi":"10.1177/17470218241306747","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218241306747","url":null,"abstract":"Although it has been proposed that new words are encoded in a qualitatively different way from established words-in episodic rather than semantic memory-such accounts are challenged by the finding that newly learnt words influence the processing of well-known words in semantic priming tasks. In this article, we explore whether this apparent contradiction is due to differences in task design. Specifically, we hypothesised that a large stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) would allow the participant to engage strategic retrieval and priming mechanisms to facilitate the recognition of a semantically related word, compared with a shorter SOA, which promotes more automatic processing. In Experiment 1, 60 participants learned 34 novel words and their meanings that later served as primes for related/unrelated existing word targets in a primed lexical decision task, with a 450 ms SOA. There was no significant priming effect. In Experiment 2, we increased the SOA to 1,000 ms, and found a significant priming effect with novel words. Finally, there was no significant priming effect with novel words in Experiment 3 that used a 200 ms SOA. A semantic priming effect with familiar words was found in Experiments 1 and 3, but not Experiment 2 (the longest SOA). We interpret these results as providing evidence for the idea that new and existing words are represented differently, with the former encoded outside of conventional language networks as they appear to rely predominantly on slow (strategic) mechanisms to prime related, existing words.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218241306747"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142755071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Apparent statistical inference in crows may reflect simple reinforcement learning. EXPRESS：乌鸦明显的统计推断可能反映了简单的强化学习。

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1177/17470218241305622

David N George, Dominic M Dwyer, Mark Haselgrove, Mike E Le Pelley

{"title":"Apparent statistical inference in crows may reflect simple reinforcement learning.","authors":"David N George, Dominic M Dwyer, Mark Haselgrove, Mike E Le Pelley","doi":"10.1177/17470218241305622","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218241305622","url":null,"abstract":"Johnston et al. report results which they argue demonstrate that crows engage in statistical inference during decision-making. They trained two crows to associate a set of stimuli with different reward probabilities (from 10% to 90%) before choice tests between pairs of stimuli. Across most pairwise combinations, and in a control task in which the number of rewards was equated between probabilities, both crows preferred the stimulus associated with higher reward probability. The magnitude of this preference was affected by the absolute difference between the two probabilities, although (contrary to a claim made by Johnston et al. 2023) preference did not reflect the ratio of prior probabilities independently of absolute differences. Johnston et al. argue that preference for the stimulus with the higher reward probability is \"the signature of true statistical inference\" (p. 3238), implemented by an analogue magnitude system that represents the reward probability associated with each stimulus. Here, we show that a simple reinforcement learning model, with no explicit representation of reward probabilities, reproduces the critical features of crows' performance-and indeed better accounts for the observed empirical findings than the concept of statistical inference based on analogue magnitude representations, because it correctly predicts the absence of a ratio effect that would reflect magnitudes when absolute distance is controlled. Contrary to Johnston et al.'s claims, these patterns of behaviour do not necessitate retrieval of calculated reward probabilities from long-term memory and dynamic application of this information across contexts, or (more specifically) require the involvement of an analogue magnitude system in representing abstract probabilities.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218241305622"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142771752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Distinct components of Stroop interference and facilitation: The role of phonology and response modality. 表达：Stroop干扰和促进的不同组成部分：语音和反应模式的作用。

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1177/17470218241302490

Yicheng Qiu, Walter Jb van Heuven

{"title":"Distinct components of Stroop interference and facilitation: The role of phonology and response modality.","authors":"Yicheng Qiu, Walter Jb van Heuven","doi":"10.1177/17470218241302490","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218241302490","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-stage accounts of Stroop effects suggest that Stroop effects result from different conflict and facilitation components. Consistent with these accounts, Augustinova et al. reported evidence for task, semantic, and response components in Stroop effects. They also investigated how vocal and manual responses impacted the magnitude of each of the conflict and facilitation components. However, the role of phonological components in Stroop effects was not investigated in their study. The impact of phonology on Stroop effects has been observed in several studies. However, these studies did not investigate the role of different conflict/facilitation components in Stroop effects. To investigate the impact of phonological components as well as task, semantic, and response components on Stroop effects, a vocal and manual Stroop task was for the first time conducted with Chinese speakers using a design similar to that of Augustinova et al. The data revealed only in the vocal Stroop task phonological conflict and facilitation, whereas semantic and response conflicts were found with vocal and manual responses. Implications of the findings for response modality effects and the measures of facilitation/conflict components are discussed.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218241302490"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142627083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhanced auditory serial recall of recently presented auditory digits following auditory distractor presentation in blind individuals. 表达：盲人在听觉分心物出现后，对最近出现的听觉数字的听觉连续回忆能力增强。

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1177/17470218241300115

Julia Föcker, Leyu Huang, Alliza L Caling, Marieke Fischer, Andreas Ihle, Timothy Hodgson, Florian Kattner

{"title":"Enhanced auditory serial recall of recently presented auditory digits following auditory distractor presentation in blind individuals.","authors":"Julia Föcker, Leyu Huang, Alliza L Caling, Marieke Fischer, Andreas Ihle, Timothy Hodgson, Florian Kattner","doi":"10.1177/17470218241300115","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218241300115","url":null,"abstract":"The ability to focus on task-relevant information while ignoring distractors is essential in many everyday life situations. The question of how profound and moderate visual deprivation impacts the engagement with a demanding memory task (top-down control) while ignoring task-irrelevant perceptual information (bottom-up) is not thoroughly understood. In this experiment, 17 blind individuals, 17 visually impaired individuals and 17 sighted controls were asked to recall the sequence of eight auditorily presented digits. Following digit presentation, two auditory distractor streams including a repetitive presentation of the same syllables (steady-state sounds) or different syllables (changing-state sounds) occurred spoken in different emotional prosodies (happy, fearful, angry, and neutral). Blind individuals not only showed overall superior serial recall performance but also displayed sustained memory retention for items presented more recently in the sequence (specifically at the fifth to the eighth digit positions) compared with sighted and visually impaired individuals. Furthermore, blind individuals showed a weaker serial position effect compared with visually impaired and sighted individuals. Emotional prosody also impacted serial recall differently in blind, visually impaired and sighted controls: Sighted and visually impaired participants exhibited improved serial recall when steady-state sounds carried a fearful or angry prosody. By contrast, in the steady-state condition, emotional prosody had no effect on serial recall performance in blind individuals. These findings may be linked to the enhanced ability of blind individuals to flexibly apply a combination of strategies, such as association and grouping.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"17470218241300115"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0