Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology最新文献_第6页

Attentional Priority for Temporary Goals: Evidence With a Confound-Free Dot-Probe Task. EXPRESS：临时目标的注意力优先级：无混淆点探测任务的证据。

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-17 DOI: 10.1177/17470218261437109

Dirk Wentura, Benedikt Emanuel Wirth

{"title":"Attentional Priority for Temporary Goals: Evidence With a Confound-Free Dot-Probe Task.","authors":"Dirk Wentura, Benedikt Emanuel Wirth","doi":"10.1177/17470218261437109","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218261437109","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous studies using the dot-probe task showed that stimuli associated with current goals (induced by instructions) are attentionally prioritized despite not sharing features with the search targets. However, the exact nature of this prioritization remains unclear. Because these studies employed a target location task, results can be interpreted both in terms of spatial attention and response-related processes; the target discrimination task - in contrast - allows unambiguous interpretation of effects in terms of spatial attention. In order to disentangle the mechanisms underlying prioritization of goal-related stimuli, we conducted two experiments. In Experiment 1, we replicated the original results of previous studies using the location task. In Experiment 2, we found a corresponding effect in the discrimination task, which provides an unambiguous interpretation of stimuli associated with current goals being prioritized with respect to spatial attention. A cross-experiment analysis indicates that the effect found with the discrimination task was significantly smaller than the one found with the location task. The reduced effect size in the discrimination task suggests that in the original experiments, response-related processes were at play in addition to attentional processes. Furthermore, the task manipulation partly clarified a surprising result found with the location task in previous studies and in Experiment 1: Threat-related stimuli showed no cueing effects if contrasted with neutral stimuli. In Experiment 2 (discrimination task), however, we found a negatively signed effect, a finding that could indicate attentional avoidance of threatening stimuli.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"2549-2564"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147469249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of Context and Individual Socio-Cognitive Variability on Negator Use. EXPRESS：情境和个体社会认知变异对否定词使用的影响。

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-11 DOI: 10.1177/17470218261425628

Xiang-Ru Chen, Yao-Ying Lai

{"title":"Effects of Context and Individual Socio-Cognitive Variability on Negator Use.","authors":"Xiang-Ru Chen, Yao-Ying Lai","doi":"10.1177/17470218261425628","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218261425628","url":null,"abstract":"Negative sentences are generally more cognitively demanding than affirmative ones. The contextual approach suggests that this additional cost can be modulated by pragmatic factors such as contextual informativity, specifically modeled via Question Under Discussion (QUD) accommodation in the Dynamic Pragmatic (DP) account. This study investigates how linguistic context and individual socio-cognitive ability (SCA) interact to shape the use of negation markers (i.e., negators). We examine the two most common negators in Mandarin Chinese, bu and mei, whose usage is associated with two linguistic features: (a) temporal Boundedness, indicating whether an event occurs in a specific time frame (e.g., yesterday vs. every day) and (b) the protagonist's Volition, indicating whether the protagonist performs the denoted action intentionally or not (e.g., insist vs. have to). These features can co-occur in conflict, favoring different negators, and we exploit such cases to examine how contextual cues are weighed in negator use. We hypothesize that negator choice depends on which feature better addresses the negation-related QUD in a given context. Additionally, since evaluating Volition requires understanding others' intentions, which is a core component of SCA, (c) individual differences in SCA may affect context-sensitivity to Volition. Results of our timed questionnaire show that temporal Boundedness was the primary factor in negator choice, while Volition exerted a stronger influence in unbounded contexts and among higher-SCA individuals. Response-time data further revealed greater processing effort when integrating volition prior to the ultimate decision. These findings highlight the dynamic interactions between linguistic context and individual cognitive variability in language use.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"2391-2412"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146157586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Non-Target Processing and Response Patterns Attest to Cross-Linguistic Differences in Structural Analysis. 非目标加工和反应模式证明了结构分析的跨语言差异。

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1177/17470218261422724

Julia Edeleva, Natalia Slioussar

{"title":"Non-Target Processing and Response Patterns Attest to Cross-Linguistic Differences in Structural Analysis.","authors":"Julia Edeleva, Natalia Slioussar","doi":"10.1177/17470218261422724","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218261422724","url":null,"abstract":"The current paper presents three experimental studies of relative clause processing in German, French and Russian. The participants' eye movements were tracked on the visual display while they listened to subject or object relative clauses (SRC vs. ORC) with transitive verbs. Three characters were shown on the display: the target (the referent of the relative clause head), the syntactic competitor (the referent of the relative clause head with the reverse semantic role) and the embedded noun phrase, or NP (the second argument of the verb). Subsequently, one of the characters was shown again, and the participants were asked to indicate whether it was the one designated by the relative clause. Eye movement patterns showed a clear subject-object asymmetry in all three languages, which is consistent with previous findings related to the subject advantage for languages under investigation. In addition to the looks towards the target, we closely examined two types of non-target processing and response patterns: involving the syntactic competitor and the embedded NP. In German and Russian, there was a significant difference in fixation probabilities towards the embedded NP character. In French, more looks to the syntactic competitor were the dominant non-target response pattern. We argue that the commitment to the embedded NP might be indicative of cross-linguistic differences in the reliability of morphological cues to structure building. We suggest that the processing pattern for ORCs is modulated by the use of case morphology as a late-occurring cue to structure building due to a weak initial activation of the target.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"2293-2314"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146100782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Judgments of Direction About Words and Arrows: The Neglected Influence of Task Set. 关于单词和箭头方向的判断：任务集被忽视的影响。

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1177/17470218261423867

Derek Besner, Robert S McCann, Torin P Young, Kate Van Kessel, Colin M MacLeod

{"title":"Judgments of Direction About Words and Arrows: The Neglected Influence of Task Set.","authors":"Derek Besner, Robert S McCann, Torin P Young, Kate Van Kessel, Colin M MacLeod","doi":"10.1177/17470218261423867","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218261423867","url":null,"abstract":"Two experiments investigated the role of task set in processing the direction indicated by arrows and words. In Experiment 1, in one block of trials, participants made stimulus-response (S-R) compatible manual responses to a left-or-right-pointing arrow in the presence of either a congruent or incongruent word (LEFT/RIGHT); in another block, they responded to the direction signaled by a word in the presence of a congruent or incongruent arrow. Task set was, therefore, simple in each block-respond to only one of the two stimulus types. Yet an incongruent word did not interfere with responding to an arrow's direction, whereas an incongruent arrow robustly interfered with responding to the direction signaled by a word. In Experiment 2, targets were instead defined in terms of a fixed location (for one group, the distractor appeared below the target; for another group, the distractor appeared above the target) such that the target on any trial could be either a word or an arrow. Task set now was more complex in that target type varied unpredictably across trials. Distractor words now interfered with arrows, and distractor arrows interfered with words more than they did in Experiment 1. These results require a more integrative account that embeds S-R compatibility within a larger framework involving contextually driven modulation of task set.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"2328-2336"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13498736/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146114141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Differential Effects of Initial and Final Character Positional Probabilities During Chinese Novel Word Learning in Reading: Evidence From Children's Eye Movements. 中文小说单词阅读过程中汉字初始和最终位置概率的差异效应：来自儿童眼动的证据。

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1177/17470218261423459

Linlin Feng, Yake Wang, Xin Li, Yongsheng Wang, Xuejun Bai, Feifei Liang

{"title":"Differential Effects of Initial and Final Character Positional Probabilities During Chinese Novel Word Learning in Reading: Evidence From Children's Eye Movements.","authors":"Linlin Feng, Yake Wang, Xin Li, Yongsheng Wang, Xuejun Bai, Feifei Liang","doi":"10.1177/17470218261423459","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218261423459","url":null,"abstract":"Chinese children aged 8 to 10 years can utilize character positional probability-the likelihood of a character appearing at initial or final word positions-as a cue to facilitate word segmentation and identification during novel word learning. Given the distinct roles of initial and final characters in Chinese word recognition, we conducted two parallel experiments to investigate how positional probability influences children's processing during reading. Sixteen two-character pseudowords were constructed as novel target words. In Experiment 1, we manipulated the positional probability of the initial character while keeping the final character constant. In Experiment 2, we reversed this manipulation for the final characters. Each novel word was embedded in six semantically constrained sentence frames. Forty-five children's eye movements were recorded as they read these sentences. Results revealed that novel words containing characters with high positional probability in their preferred positions elicited shorter fixation durations compared to those with low positional probability characters. This effect emerged earlier for initial than for final characters, suggesting that Chinese children are sensitive to positional probability cues associated with both initial and final characters when learning new words during reading, but with a processing advantage for initial characters. Moreover, the positional probability effects remained stable across multiple exposures, indicating that children consistently rely sub-lexical cues such as positional probability before fully forming new lexical representations. Our findings highlight the protracted nature of lexical learning in children and their extended reliance on statistical positional information during early stage of lexical acquisition.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"2469-2487"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146114202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Action Selection by Temporally Close Transitions? Subtle Evidence from the Removal of Tactile Stimulation. EXPRESS：通过临时关闭过渡来选择动作？去除触觉刺激的微妙证据。

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-25 DOI: 10.1177/17470218261429884

Moritz Schaaf, Solveig Tonn, Wilfried Kunde, Roland Pfister

引用次数: 0

Assessing Text Experience in British Primary School Children: New Validated Title and Author Recognition Tests. 评估英国小学生的文本体验：新的有效的标题和作者识别测试。

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1177/17470218261421104

Holly Cooper, Maria Korochkina, Marc Brysbaert, Kathleen Rastle

{"title":"Assessing Text Experience in British Primary School Children: New Validated Title and Author Recognition Tests.","authors":"Holly Cooper, Maria Korochkina, Marc Brysbaert, Kathleen Rastle","doi":"10.1177/17470218261421104","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218261421104","url":null,"abstract":"Becoming a skilled reader requires that children accumulate extensive experience with text through independent reading. Research shows that greater text experience is associated with stronger reading skills, better comprehension, and improved spelling, and, consequently, higher reading motivation. Reliable objective measures of children's reading experience are therefore essential; however, because such measures are typically highly sensitive to temporal and cultural contexts, none of the existing tests is suitable for capturing the reading experience of British children today. We address this gap by introducing a new Author Recognition Test and Title Recognition Test designed specifically for primary school children in the United Kingdom and validated with a large cohort of British pupils. The battery also includes a new multiple-choice spelling test that can be easily administered online. We further demonstrate that single-word reading and sentence reading efficiency tests from the Rapid Online Assessment of Reading can be adapted for use with British children and provide valid measures of reading proficiency. Together, these tools offer a much-needed, freely available resource for both researchers and practitioners, enabling reliable measurement of children's text experience and basic literacy skills. The test battery is openly available on https://osf.io/gmv72/.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"2337-2348"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13498748/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146041550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From Self to Stranger: A Hierarchical Pattern of Subjective Value in Social Contexts. EXPRESS：从自我到陌生人：社会语境中主观价值的等级模式。

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-27 DOI: 10.1177/17470218261431712

Xiaomei Zhang, Songyue Ji, Haotian Tan, Xueting Li

{"title":"From Self to Stranger: A Hierarchical Pattern of Subjective Value in Social Contexts.","authors":"Xiaomei Zhang, Songyue Ji, Haotian Tan, Xueting Li","doi":"10.1177/17470218261431712","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218261431712","url":null,"abstract":"Self-bias is well-documented in perception and memory, but the role of self in subjective value across social relationships remains underexplored. This study addresses this gap by examining how subjective value is shaped by social closeness. Study 1 established a clear hierarchical pattern: shapes associated with the self were valued most, followed by those linked to a friend, then a stranger. Study 2 replicated and extended this pattern through three sub-experiments, confirming its robustness when replacing \"friend\" with \"mother,\" using real names, and employing more complex visual stimuli. Study 3 used a double randomization design across two sub-experiments to show that social psychological distance mediates the impact of social closeness on subjective value. Specifically, Study 3a showed that social closeness influences social psychological distance, while Study 3b demonstrated that social psychological distance impacts subjective value. Together, these findings move beyond traditional dualistic comparisons, revealing a hierarchical pattern in subjective value. They underscore the central role of self-referential mechanisms in social cognition and highlight social psychological distance as a key underlying factor. These findings have implications for understanding the hierarchical structure of subjective value and provide a basis for exploring its generalizability across diverse cultural and contextual domains.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"2448-2468"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147309608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Impact of Interference Rate on the Test-Retest Reliability of the Stroop Test. 干扰率对Stroop测验重测信度的影响。

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-20 DOI: 10.1177/17470218261426913

Xiang Liao, Yu Sun, Zhongjin Tian, Yumo Li, Yaming Fan, Xiangqian Li

{"title":"The Impact of Interference Rate on the Test-Retest Reliability of the Stroop Test.","authors":"Xiang Liao, Yu Sun, Zhongjin Tian, Yumo Li, Yaming Fan, Xiangqian Li","doi":"10.1177/17470218261426913","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218261426913","url":null,"abstract":"Interference tasks (e.g., the Stroop task) exhibit low test-retest reliability, which hinders the measurement of individual differences. This study examined whether controlling the interference rate improves reliability. The interference rate is a metric derived from the Horse-Race Model, defined as the probability of experiencing semantic-color conflict in incongruent Stroop trials (distinct from list-wide congruency, i.e., the proportion of incongruent trials in a block). In Studies 1a and 1b, interference rate was positively correlated with the magnitude of the Stroop effect, indicating that it accounts for meaningful individual variability. In Study 2, the fixed-interference-rate group (IR-fixed) had their interference rate controlled at 75% across two testing sessions (2-week interval) by adjusting the stimulus-onset asynchrony between semantic and color features (i.e., ensuring a 75% probability of experiencing interference in incongruent trials). Compared to the random-interference-rate group (IR-random), the IR-fixed group showed significantly higher test-retest reliability and stronger cross-session predictability of the Stroop effect, demonstrating that controlling the interference rate enhances measurement stability. Studies 1b and 2 also revealed moderate cross-session correlations for interference rate, regardless of whether the interval was a single Stroop task administration or 2 weeks. Furthermore, across all studies, interference rate exhibited poor internal consistency (McDonald's ω < .60). Overall, the results suggest that interference rate can predict the Stroop effect but is not a stable psychological trait; instead, it fluctuates within a certain range. Therefore, failing to control the interference rate adversely impacts the test-retest reliability of the Stroop task.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"2521-2539"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146259057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Eye-Tracking the Production of Counterfactual Alternatives to Narrative Events in Autistic Adults. 眼动追踪自闭症成人对叙事事件的反事实替代生产。

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1177/17470218261419775

Heather J Ferguson, Marchella Smith

{"title":"Eye-Tracking the Production of Counterfactual Alternatives to Narrative Events in Autistic Adults.","authors":"Heather J Ferguson, Marchella Smith","doi":"10.1177/17470218261419775","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218261419775","url":null,"abstract":"Research has found atypical counterfactual production in autistic children, yet intact counterfactual reasoning in autistic adults. To date, however, no research has investigated counterfactual production in autistic adults. The current study combined a counterfactual production task with eye-tracking in the visual world paradigm to examine how autistic and neurotypical adults plan and initiate counterfactual responses. Autistic participants showed slower speech initiation and more disfluencies, consistent with broader speech production patterns, but did not experience greater difficulties with counterfactual production itself. Both groups also showed a comparable preference to produce additive counterfactuals, suggesting developmental convergence by adulthood. By contrast, while both groups showed a strong preference to produce and fixate human causes, this bias was stronger among neurotypical adults than autistic participants, who more often considered physical causes and were less influenced by salient social cues. Additionally, speech-locked eye movements revealed group differences: neurotypical adults flexibly modulated their gaze to human causes depending on whether they produced factual or counterfactual responses, whereas autistic adults showed more uniform gaze patterns across conditions. These findings highlight shared competencies but distinct social-cognitive strategies in counterfactual production across groups.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"2349-2364"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13498739/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146041563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0