Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology最新文献_第6页

Investigating how prior knowledge influences perception and action in developmental coordination disorder. EXPRESS：研究先前知识如何影响发育协调障碍中的感知和行动。

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-04 DOI: 10.1177/17470218231214479

Kate Allen, David Harris, Tom Arthur, Greg Wood, Gavin Buckingham

{"title":"Investigating how prior knowledge influences perception and action in developmental coordination disorder.","authors":"Kate Allen, David Harris, Tom Arthur, Greg Wood, Gavin Buckingham","doi":"10.1177/17470218231214479","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218231214479","url":null,"abstract":"Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is characterised by a broad spectrum of difficulties in performing motor tasks. It has recently been proposed that a specific deficit in sensorimotor prediction and feedforward planning might underpin these motoric impairments. The purpose of this study was to use a naturalistic object lifting paradigm to examine whether deficits in sensorimotor prediction might underpin the broad spectrum of difficulties individuals with DCD face when interacting with objects in their environment. We recruited 60 children with probable DCD and 61 children without DCD and measured perceptions of heaviness and fingertip force rate application when interacting with objects which varied in their apparent weight. If deficits in sensorimotor prediction do underpin the broad-ranging motor difficulties seen in DCD, we would expect to see a reduced effect of visual size cues on fingertip force rates and illusory misperceptions of object heaviness. We found no evidence of differences in any metrics of sensorimotor prediction between children with (n = 46) and without DCD (n = 61). Furthermore, there was no correlation between any metrics of sensorimotor prediction and motor performance (as assessed by the standard diagnostic movement assessment battery). Illusory misperceptions of object weight also did not appear to differ between groups. These findings suggest that issues with sensorimotor prediction are unlikely to affect the performance of simple real-world movements in those with DCD.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"2065-2075"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11487901/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71485400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The relationship between facial attractiveness and perceived guilt across types of crime. 表达:在不同类型的犯罪中，面部吸引力和犯罪感之间的关系。

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-21 DOI: 10.1177/17470218231218651

Robin Ss Kramer, Janie-Lea Jarvis, Michaela Green, Alex L Jones

{"title":"The relationship between facial attractiveness and perceived guilt across types of crime.","authors":"Robin Ss Kramer, Janie-Lea Jarvis, Michaela Green, Alex L Jones","doi":"10.1177/17470218231218651","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218231218651","url":null,"abstract":"Facial first impressions influence jurors in both laboratory experiments and real courtrooms. Often, more attractive defendants are perceived as less guilty and receive more lenient sentences. However, the type of crime under consideration, as well as the ecological validity of the stimuli presented, may determine the nature of this bias. Here, extending previous work, we considered three crime types (robbery, sexual assault, and murder) and utilised short video clips of male defendants, accompanied by real-world crime descriptions. Crucially, we varied attractiveness by presenting a large set of identities, in comparison with the typical use of one \"high\" and one \"low\" attractive face. Using null hypothesis significance testing, we found no evidence that either attractiveness or crime type influenced guilt perceptions. Taking a Bayesian perspective, our results provided some evidence that more attractive defendants were rated as less guilty of murder but more guilty of sexual assault, with no bias observed for robbery. Importantly, however, none of these effects had high certainty and all were small in size. By comparing the extremes of attractiveness, we again found inconclusive evidence of any attractiveness effects, with small differences in all cases. The implications for this departure from previous findings are discussed in terms of ecological validity and the need to consider attractiveness as a continuous rather than binary measure.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1978-1986"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11487863/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138299828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The social learning account of trypophobia. 快讯：恐试症的社会学习理论。

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.1177/17470218241232665

Geoff G Cole, Abbie C Millett, Marie Juanchich

{"title":"The social learning account of trypophobia.","authors":"Geoff G Cole, Abbie C Millett, Marie Juanchich","doi":"10.1177/17470218241232665","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218241232665","url":null,"abstract":"Trypophobia is the condition in which individuals report a range of negative emotions when viewing clusters of small holes. Since the phenomenon was first described in the peer-reviewed literature a decade ago, 49 papers have appeared together with hundreds of news articles. There has also been much discussion on various Internet forums, including medical and health-related websites. In the present article, we examine the degree to which the phenomenon is caused by a form of social learning, specifically, its ubiquitous social media presence. We also examined its prevalence among the broad population. In Experiment 1 (n = 2,558), we assessed whether younger people and females (i.e., greater social media users) are more sensitive to trypophobic stimuli, as predicted by the social media hypothesis. In Experiment 2 (n = 283), we examined whether sensitivity to trypophobic stimuli and rates of trypophobia is greater in people who are aware of the condition's existence, as opposed to those who have never heard of the phenomenon. In line with the social media theory, results showed that younger people and females are indeed more susceptible to trypophobia. However, 24% of trypophobic individuals have never heard of the condition. Overall, these data suggest that both social learning and non-social learning contribute to trypophobia. We also find that the prevalence of trypophobia is approximately 10%.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"2076-2083"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11445973/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139681480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Poor maternal mental health is associated with a low degree of proactive control in refugee children. EXPRESS：母亲心理健康状况不佳与难民儿童的积极控制程度低有关。

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-29 DOI: 10.1177/17470218231211573

Gustaf Gredebäck, Marcus Lindskog, Jonathan Hall

{"title":"Poor maternal mental health is associated with a low degree of proactive control in refugee children.","authors":"Gustaf Gredebäck, Marcus Lindskog, Jonathan Hall","doi":"10.1177/17470218231211573","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218231211573","url":null,"abstract":"This study assesses the development of proactive control strategies in 100 Syrian refugee families (394 individuals) with 6- to 18-year-old children currently living in Turkish communities. The results demonstrate that children's age and their mothers' post-traumatic stress symptoms were associated with the degree of proactive control in their children, with worse mental health being associated with a larger reliance on reactive control and lesser reliance on proactive, future-oriented, control (measured via d' in the AX-CPT task). None of the following factors contributed to children's performance: fathers' experience with post-traumatic stress, parents' exposure to potentially traumatic war-related events, perceived discrimination, a decline in socio-economic status, religious beliefs, parents' proactive control strategies, or the education or gender of the children themselves. The association between mothers' mental health and proactive control strategies in children was large (in terms of effect size), suggesting that supporting mothers' mental health might have clear effects on the development of their children.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1987-1999"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11462783/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61564930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Systematic bias in representation of reaction time distribution. EXPRESS：反应时间分布的系统性偏差。

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-06 DOI: 10.1177/17470218241234650

Ryoji Onagawa, Kazutoshi Kudo, Katsumi Watanabe

{"title":"Systematic bias in representation of reaction time distribution.","authors":"Ryoji Onagawa, Kazutoshi Kudo, Katsumi Watanabe","doi":"10.1177/17470218241234650","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218241234650","url":null,"abstract":"A correct perception of one's own abilities is essential for making appropriate decisions. A well-known bias in probability perception is that rare events are overestimated. Here, we examined whether such a bias also exists for action outcomes using a simple reaction task. In Experiment 1, after completing a set of 30 trials of the simple reaction task, participants were required to judge the probability that they would be able to respond before a given reference time when performing the task next. We assessed the difference between the actual reaction times and the probability judgement and found that the represented probability distribution was more widely distributed than the actual one, suggesting that low-probability events were overestimated and high-probability events were underestimated. Experiment 2 confirmed the presence of such a bias in the representation of both one's own and another's reaction times. In addition, Experiment 3 showed the presence of such a bias regardless of the difference between the representation of another's reaction times and the mere numerical representation. Furthermore, Experiment 4 found the presence of such a bias even when the information regarding actual reaction times was visually shown before the representation. The present results reveal the existence of a highly robust bias in the representation of motor performance, which reflects the ubiquitous bias in probability perception and is difficult to eliminate.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"2084-2097"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139712906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Deaf readers use leftward information to read more efficiently: Evidence from eye tracking. 快讯聋人读者利用左向信息提高阅读效率：来自眼动跟踪的证据

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-07 DOI: 10.1177/17470218241232407

Casey Stringer, Frances Cooley, Emily Saunders, Karen Emmorey, Elizabeth R Schotter

{"title":"Deaf readers use leftward information to read more efficiently: Evidence from eye tracking.","authors":"Casey Stringer, Frances Cooley, Emily Saunders, Karen Emmorey, Elizabeth R Schotter","doi":"10.1177/17470218241232407","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218241232407","url":null,"abstract":"Little is known about how information to the left of fixation impacts reading and how it may help to integrate what has been read into the context of the sentence. To better understand the role of this leftward information and how it may be beneficial during reading, we compared the sizes of the leftward span for reading-matched deaf signers (n = 32) and hearing adults (n = 40) using a gaze-contingent moving window paradigm with windows of 1, 4, 7, 10, and 13 characters to the left, as well as a no-window condition. All deaf participants were prelingually and profoundly deaf, used American Sign Language (ASL) as a primary means of communication, and were exposed to ASL before age eight. Analysis of reading rates indicated that deaf readers had a leftward span of 10 characters, compared to four characters for hearing readers, and the size of the span was positively related to reading comprehension ability for deaf but not hearing readers. These findings suggest that deaf readers may engage in continued word processing of information obtained to the left of fixation, making reading more efficient, and showing a qualitatively different reading process than hearing readers.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"2098-2110"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139703213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does instructional intervention reduce the left digit effect in number line estimation? 《快报》:教学干预会降低数轴估计中的左数效应吗?

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-27 DOI: 10.1177/17470218231219227

Gina Gwiazda, Kelsey Kayton, Nicholas Alia, Charlie Bondhus, Hilary Barth, Andrea L Patalano

{"title":"Does instructional intervention reduce the left digit effect in number line estimation?","authors":"Gina Gwiazda, Kelsey Kayton, Nicholas Alia, Charlie Bondhus, Hilary Barth, Andrea L Patalano","doi":"10.1177/17470218231219227","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218231219227","url":null,"abstract":"A robust left digit effect arises in number line estimation, whereby the leftmost digits of numerals have an undue influence on placements such that, for example, numbers like 298 are placed far to the left of numbers like 302. Past efforts to motivate more accurate performance using trial-by-trial and summary feedback have not led to a reduction in the left digit effect. In two experiments, we asked whether it is possible to reduce or eliminate the left digit effect in number line estimation through an instructional intervention in which one is explicitly taught about the left digit effect. In Experiment 1 (N = 134), participants completed two blocks (60 trials per block) of a self-paced 0-1,000 number line estimation task and were randomly assigned to either an instruction or a control condition. In Experiment 2 (N = 143), the procedure was enhanced with a learning check, and with additional measures to assess changes in behaviour as a result of instruction. In both experiments, a left digit effect was found in each block of each condition. Although there was evidence that instruction changed behaviour, these changes did not result in any reduction in the left digit effect relative to the control condition. These findings demonstrate that the left digit effect cannot be easily reduced by making people aware of it.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"2111-2123"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138446021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transfer of strategic task components across unique tasks that share some common structures. EXPRESS：在具有某些共同结构的独特任务中转移战略任务组成部分。

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-27 DOI: 10.1177/17470218231221046

Cai S Longman, Fraser Milton, Andy J Wills

{"title":"Transfer of strategic task components across unique tasks that share some common structures.","authors":"Cai S Longman, Fraser Milton, Andy J Wills","doi":"10.1177/17470218231221046","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218231221046","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible, adaptive behaviour depends on the application of prior learning to novel contexts (transfer). Transfer can take many forms, but the focus of the present study was on \"task schemas\"-learning strategies that guide the earliest stages of engaging in a novel task. The central aim was to examine the architecture of task schemas and determine whether strategic task components can expedite learning novel tasks that share some structural components with the training tasks. Groups of participants across two experiments were exposed to different training regimes centred around multiple unique tasks that shared some/all/none of the structural task components (the kinds of stimuli, classifications, and/or responses) but none of the surface features (the specific stimuli, classifications, and/or responses) with the test task (a dot-pattern classification task). Initial test performance was improved (to a degree) in all groups relative to a control group whose training did not include any of the structural components relevant to the test task. The strongest evidence of transfer was found in the motoric, perceptual + categorization, and full schema training groups. This observation indicates that training with some (or all) strategic task components expedited learning of a novel task that shared those components. That is, task schemas were found to be componential and were able to expedite learning a novel task where similar (learning) strategies could be applied to specific elements of the test task.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"2000-2022"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11457462/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138488360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Looking for immediate and downstream evidence of lexical prediction in eye movements during reading. 从阅读过程中的眼球运动中寻找词汇预测的直接和间接证据。

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-27 DOI: 10.1177/17470218231223858

Roslyn Wong, Aaron Veldre, Sally Andrews

{"title":"Looking for immediate and downstream evidence of lexical prediction in eye movements during reading.","authors":"Roslyn Wong, Aaron Veldre, Sally Andrews","doi":"10.1177/17470218231223858","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218231223858","url":null,"abstract":"Previous investigations of whether readers make predictions about the full identity of upcoming words have focused on the extent to which there are processing consequences when readers encounter linguistic input that is incompatible with their expectations. To date, eye-movement studies have revealed inconsistent evidence of the processing costs that would be expected to accompany lexical prediction. This study investigated whether readers' lexical predictions were observable during or downstream from their initial point of activation. Three experiments assessed readers' eye movements to predictable and unpredictable words, and then to subsequent downstream words, which probed the lingering activation of previously expected words. The results showed novel evidence of processing costs for unexpected input but only when supported by a plausible linguistic environment, suggesting that readers could strategically modulate their predictive processing. However, there was limited evidence that their lexical predictions affected downstream processing. The implications of these findings for understanding the role of prediction in language processing are discussed.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"2040-2064"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11453035/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139571266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Visual processing and decision-making in autism and dyslexia: Insights from cross-syndrome approaches. 表达：自闭症和阅读障碍的视觉处理和决策：跨综合症方法的启示。

IF 1.5 3区心理学

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-27 DOI: 10.1177/17470218241264627

Catherine Manning

{"title":"Visual processing and decision-making in autism and dyslexia: Insights from cross-syndrome approaches.","authors":"Catherine Manning","doi":"10.1177/17470218241264627","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17470218241264627","url":null,"abstract":"Atypical visual processing has been reported in developmental conditions like autism and dyslexia, and some accounts propose a causal role for visual processing in the development of these conditions. However, few studies make direct comparisons between conditions, or use sufficiently sensitive methods, meaning that it is hard to say whether atypical visual processing tells us anything specific about these conditions, or whether it reflects a more general marker of atypical development. Here I review findings from two computational modelling approaches (equivalent noise and diffusion modelling) and related electroencephalography (EEG) indices which we have applied to data from autistic, dyslexic and typically developing children to reveal how the component processes involved in visual processing and decision-making are altered in autism and dyslexia. The results identify both areas of convergence and divergence in autistic and dyslexic children's visual processing and decision-making, with implications for influential theoretical accounts such as weak central coherence, increased internal noise, and dorsal-stream vulnerability. In both sets of studies, we also see considerable variability across children in all three groups. To better understand this variability, and further understand the convergence and divergence identified between conditions, future studies would benefit from studying how the component processes reviewed here relate to transdiagnostic dimensions, which will also give insights into individual differences in visual processing and decision-making more generally.","PeriodicalId":20869,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1937-1948"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11440862/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141321469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0