Radiation Physics and Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Optimization of radiation protection in head computed tomography: A study of SSDE based on Deff, Dw and organ dose","authors":"Zouhir Saga ,&nbsp;Mayssae Touil ,&nbsp;Mohammed Talbi ,&nbsp;Abdellah Rezzouk ,&nbsp;Abdelaali Rahmouni","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aims of this study is to compare water-equivalent diameter (Dw) and effective diameter (Deff) for automated estimation of eye lens dose in head CT, with the goal of determining which metric provides greater accuracy for protocol optimization. A total of 109 patients (women: 38 %; men: 62 %) with a mean age of 59 ± 9 years were included in the study. These parameters were assessed on DICOM images using Indose CT software with an automatic method. Size-specific dose estimates (SSDE) were calculated, and mean effective doses (ED) were estimated for both diameters. Additionally, the radiation dose received by sensitive organs, such as the eyes, was measured. The results show that Dw is slightly higher than Deff, with mean values of 15.24 ± 1.23 cm for Dw compared to 14.24 ± 1.08 cm for Deff (r = 0.901, p &lt; 0.0001). SSDE reveals that the uncertainty obtained with Deff is 7.03 %, whereas it is reduced to 4.58 % when using Dw, indicating better accuracy (r = 0.969, p &lt; 0.001). Regarding the mean effective dose, the values were 1.75 ± 0.37 mSv for Deff and 1.71 ± 0.36 mSv for Dw. Sensitive organs, such as the eyes, received a mean radiation dose of 42.43 ± 4.99 mGy. Overall, the use of Dw improves the accuracy of dosimetric estimates compared to Deff, enabling better dose assessments for radiosensitive organs like the eyes. This highlights the importance of integrating Dw into CT imaging protocols to minimize radiation exposure while maintaining optimal diagnostic quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 113069"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144281038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"White/orange tunable light emitting and energy transfer of Dy3+/Sm3+ dual-doped silicophosphate oxyfluoride glasses for photonic devices","authors":"P. Meejitpaisan ,&nbsp;Ramachari Doddoji ,&nbsp;S. Kothan ,&nbsp;P.H. Minh ,&nbsp;H.J. Kim ,&nbsp;J. Kaewkhao","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Silicophosphate oxyfluoride glasses by co-doping of Dy₂O₃ (Dy³⁺:0.5 mol%) with Sm₂O₃ (Sm³⁺:0.0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mol%) have been prepared using a melt and sudden quenching processes. The existence of Dy³⁺ (⁶H_15/2) and Sm³⁺(⁶H_5/2) peaks was studied via optical absorption spectra in the 280˗1800 nm region. The emission spectra of the glasses were excited under two excitation wavelengths (350 and 401 nm). This resulted in a decrease in the emission intensities (⁴F_9/2 → ⁶H_{15/2, 13/2, 11/2, 9/2}) of (Dy³⁺) and an increase in the emission intensities ⁴G_5/2 → ⁶H_{5/2, 7/2, 9/2, 11/2} of Sm³⁺. The energy transfer (ET) from Dy³⁺ to Sm³⁺ in current glasses results in a reduction of lifetime (Dy³⁺:⁴F_9/2) due to dipole-dipole interaction. The ET efficiencies of current glasses were found to be 0.75˗55.14 % with an increase of Sm³⁺ amounts. The radio luminescence (RL) spectra of current glasses were also studied under X-ray by applying a voltage of 50 kV and a current of 30 mA. This result showed the maximum scintillation efficiency of 16.85 % in the present 0.5Dy1.0Sm glass relative to the Bi₄Ge₃O₁₂ (BGO) crystal. The emission color of current glasses has been confirmed by CIE1931 chromaticity diagram, which has shown on natural white/yellow and orange region with 350 and 401 nm, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 113067"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermoluminescence and scintillation properties of Tb-doped lithium borate glass for tissue-equivalent dosimetry","authors":"N.D. Ton ,&nbsp;A.T. Felix ,&nbsp;N.T. Luan ,&nbsp;D. Joseph Daniel ,&nbsp;H.J. Kim ,&nbsp;S. Kothan ,&nbsp;J. Kaewkhao","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the fabrication, characterization, and performance evaluation of Tb-doped Lithium borate glasses with varying compositions. The samples were synthesized by melt-quenching, forming non-crystalline networks with lithium concentrations up to 55 %. Optical characterization revealed emission peaks at 489, 545, 585, and 621 nm under X-ray and UV excitation, enabling precise measurement with photodetectors and spectrometers. The optimization of composition and further characterization of the material are discussed. The calculated Z_eff values and thermoluminescence (TL) studies confirmed the suitability of LBO(Tb) glasses for dosimetry applications. These findings highlight the material's potential for real-time tissue equivalent and TL-based dosimetry technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 113051"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of a cost-effective heterogeneous pediatric head phantom for CT-based HU-density calibration in radiotherapy treatment planning: A dosimetric evaluation in pediatric brain tumor cases","authors":"H. Sekkat ,&nbsp;A. Khallouqi ,&nbsp;A. Bannan ,&nbsp;O. El mouden ,&nbsp;O. El rhazouani ,&nbsp;A. Halimi ,&nbsp;Y. Berrada ,&nbsp;Y. Madkouri","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates the clinical applicability of a novel heterogeneous pediatric head phantom for CT (Computed Tomography)-based Hounsfield Unit (HU)-density calibration in radiotherapy treatment planning. The phantom, made of a customized epoxy resin blend with tissue-equivalent inserts, addresses the limitations of existing phantoms in pediatric applications. The new calibration curve, derived from the pediatric phantom, was compared to the established EasyCube phantom curve in 10 pediatric brain tumor cases who underwent cerebrospinal irradiation (CSI). Treatment plans were generated using the RayStation TPS and dosimetric accuracy was assessed through dose-volume histogram (DVH) analysis and gamma index criteria (3 %/3 mm and 2 %/3 mm). Results showed high gamma index passing rates of 95.7 % (3 %/3 mm) and 93.4 % (2 %/3 mm), confirming the robustness of the new calibration curve. The pediatric phantom-based plans improved organs at risk (OARs) sparing, including the spinal cord, eyes, lenses and kidneys, while maintaining required PTV (Planning Target Volume) coverage (V_95 % = 98 ± 3 %) and dose homogeneity (homogeneity index 0.09 ± 0.010). The new plan achieved slight reductions in D_50 % and D_98 % for PTV CSI and SpinalCord (Thorax), while maintaining D_2 % at ∼37 Gy. For OARs, the right eye showed a minor decrease in D_50 % (13.11 ± 2.59 to 13.04 ± 2.39 Gy), while the left eye and lenses also exhibited mean reduction of ∼0.06 Gy. The kidneys demonstrated nearly identical dose distributions. The new calibration curve kept required dose homogeneity and conformity, with PTV coverage consistently above 90 %, aligning with the International Commission on Radiations Units and measurements (ICRU) recommendations. These findings highlight the clinical utility of the pediatric phantom in improving dose calculation precision for pediatric radiotherapy, offering a cost-effective and accessible solution for low-resource settings. The study highlightsthe importance of age-specific phantoms in optimizing treatment plans and reducing the risk of radiation-induced complications in pediatric patients. Further clinical validation is recommended to confirm the long-term benefits of this approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 113068"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144263663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radial and axial distribution of tracks on the LR-115 detector inside a radon diffusion chamber","authors":"Z.M. Cimbaljevic ,&nbsp;B. Nikic ,&nbsp;J.M. Stajic ,&nbsp;V.M. Markovic ,&nbsp;N. Stevanovic","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examined the spatial distribution of alpha particle tracks on the LR-115 Solid-state Nuclear Track Detector created by the alpha particles from the decay of radon and its progeny, by means of experimental approach and theoretical modeling. The experiment involved radon source and a cylindrical diffusion chamber with detectors at the bottom and on the wall of the chamber. Theoretical modeling comprises of analytical model of diffusion chamber, which include diffusion deposition and decay of radon and its progeny. Track density distribution greatly depends on chamber size, particle detection angle, and the energy window at which the particle is detectable by the LR-115 detector. Both experimental and theoretical research shows nonuniformity of the track density. In addition, track density distribution was explored by examining partial contributions from volumetric and deposited radon and its progeny tracks. As the radial distance from the detector center grows, side-wall contributions increase, and volumetric contributions decrease. Changing chamber dimensions alters the distribution of visible tracks on the detector surface.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 113066"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144263665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative use of novel shielding materials for space electronics","authors":"Patrick Hartwell,&nbsp;Seamus M. McDonell,&nbsp;Robert B. Hayes","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 113023"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hierarchical hollow ZnMn2O4 microspheres as an efficient gamma ray attenuator: An experimental, Monte Carlo simulation, and image processing study","authors":"Amir Reza Khoshhal ,&nbsp;Zivar Azmoodeh ,&nbsp;Abbas Bagheri Khatibani","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, increasing attention has been directed toward the development of lead-free, non-toxic, and environmentally sustainable materials for use in radiation shielding applications. This research aims to create sustainable alternatives to lead by synthesizing zinc magnetite (ZnMn₂O₄) in different hydrothermal times (20 h = ZM1, 40 h = ZM2, and 72 h = ZM3). The optical, morphological and structural characteristics were investigated using various techniques, including, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), Photoluminescence Spectroscopy (PL), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Thermal Analysis and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM). XRD analysis confirmed the formation of a tetragonal zinc manganese oxide structure. FESEM images revealed notable morphological changes with varying hydrothermal reaction times, and EDX analysis validated the anticipated elemental composition. The most important gamma-ray shielding parameters were determined through both experimental measurements and simulations conducted using the GEometry ANd Tracking (GEANT4) toolkit. The results showed that extending the hydrothermal reaction time enhanced the radiation shielding efficiency. The LAC values for ZM1, ZM2 and ZM3 samples were 8.2541 cm⁻¹, 7.3491 cm⁻¹, and 9.5549 cm⁻¹, respectively, while HVL, TVL, MFP, and TF showed a decreasing trend. GEANT4 simulations supported these experimental findings, demonstrating gamma-ray attenuation rates of 15.21 %, 13.66 %, and 17.39 % for ZM1, ZM2 and ZM3, respectively. These results suggest that the ZM3 have strong potential as an effective gamma-ray attenuator.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 113053"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural and visible-near infrared optical properties of sodium tungsten bronze particles synthesized by one-step ball milling method","authors":"Tanisara Noinonmueng ,&nbsp;Thanaphon Kansaard ,&nbsp;Phonlawee Pinthong ,&nbsp;Watcharakorn Moonseeda ,&nbsp;Maneerat Songpanit ,&nbsp;Wanichaya Mekprasart ,&nbsp;Kanokthip Boonyarattanakalin ,&nbsp;C.K. Jayasankar ,&nbsp;Wisanu Pecharapa","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Near Infrared (NIR) shielding is a challenging issue in developing novel technology for smart building applications. Tungsten bronze-based material is one of the interesting materials for IR absorption and shielding applications. This research work aims to conduct the facile synthesis of sodium tungsten bronze powder (Na_xWO₃) via a high energy ball milling technique. The effect of ball milling time on the properties of the prepared product was investigated by relevant characterization techniques including X-ray diffraction technique, electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and UV–vis–NIR spectrophotometry. At certain milling of 2–3 h, the corresponding results exhibited the phase transformation from starting precursor to the Na₀_·₃WO₃ phase with good near-infrared absorptivity due to localized surface plasmon resonance phenomena of this phase.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 113065"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144281039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of lead shielding against head leakage from a 6 MV agility linac using FLUKA Monte Carlo simulation","authors":"Turki Almatani, Richard P. Hugtenburg","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112974","url":null,"abstract":"Most studies in the literature focus on in-field dosimetry, with relatively few addressing the accuracy of linear accelerator (linac) models in leakage or out-of-field regions. This study investigates leakage radiation from a linac using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. An Elekta Synergy linac equipped with an Agility head was modelled using the FLUKA code. Head leakage radiation measurements were performed using a 6 MV photon beam directed both horizontally and vertically. A PTW Spherical Chamber (TK-30) was used to acquire measurements at 13 different locations, each at a fixed source-to-chamber distance of 100 cm. The ion chamber was also explicitly modelled in the simulations. Based on the mean photon energy at each position, the required lead shielding thickness was initially calculated using narrow-beam linear attenuation coefficients. To account for broad-beam geometry, buildup factors—dependent on photon energy and the number of mean free paths—were incorporated. An iterative method was applied until the calculated shielding thicknesses converged. All measured leakage values were within the recommended limit of 0.1% of the maximum absorbed dose at the isocentre, ranging from 0.01% to 0.06%, except at the isocentre itself, which exceeded the limit. The MC simulation results showed good agreement with the measurements. The calculated lead thicknesses required to match the measured leakage ranged from 3.6 cm to 13 cm, depending on the location. This would help improve shielding accuracy and reduce secondary cancer risk from leakage or out-of-field exposure.","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"51 1","pages":"112974"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of radiation on immobilizer borate glasses: An examination of optical, thermal, and radiation shielding characteristics","authors":"O.I. Sallam ,&nbsp;Muhammad S. Mansy ,&nbsp;Y.T. Mohamed ,&nbsp;N.A. Elalaily","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present work, borate-based glass is suggested as a disposal matrix for radioactive waste generated from various nuclear energy activities. Moreover, it was proposed that doping the basic borate glass with transition metals of high molecular weight would enhance its confinement capacity for radioactive waste. To determine the optimal conditions for this study, samples of sodium borate glass were mixed with CdO instead of B₂O₃ at concentrations ranging from 0 to 45 mol% and tested for their density, UV absorbance, thermal properties, and radiation-blocking effectiveness. Results indicated a favorable correlation between density and CdO content; the transition of BO₃ into BO₄ units creates four-fold coordinated boron atoms, which results in increased density. The UV absorption spectrum displays two peaks at 240 and 380 nm, but no visible absorption bands are present at higher wavelengths. Irradiating the glass with γ-rays at doses of 25 and 50 kGy reduced the intensity of the UV peaks, affecting physical properties such as the refractive index, dielectric constant, and optical basicity, all of which increase with CdO content or exposure dose. The bandgap energy (<em>E</em>_<em>g</em>) decreased as irradiation doses and CdO content increased, making the glass network more suitable for the immobilization of radioactive waste. Radiological characteristics show that the γ-ray attenuation parameters reveal that a glass sample containing 45 mol% CdO has the highest linear attenuation coefficient across all gamma energies. Furthermore, the computed mass attenuation coefficient follows the same trend. We observed excellent agreement between measured, simulated, and estimated attenuation coefficients. It was demonstrated that thicknesses of 3.8 and 4.8 cm can reduce the gamma energies emitted from Cs-137 and Co-60 to half their intensity from the glass sample of CdO0.45. Additionally, a slight change in fast neutron removal cross-sections (FNRCs) was noted at different concentrations of CdO, with the highest value being 0.01095 cm⁻¹.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 113056"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}