Radiation Physics and Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Radiobiological evaluation of the impact of the treatment with the gamma knife radiosurgery technique on the body parts of patients with different brain lesions: Does the radiation exposure affect also the Patient's blood components?","authors":"Asaad H. Ismail ,&nbsp;Hoshanc S. Rashid ,&nbsp;Ahmed Abduljabbar Omar ,&nbsp;Ali H. Alomari ,&nbsp;Saeed M. Al-Qahtani ,&nbsp;Talal A. Alnaemi ,&nbsp;Nataša Todorović ,&nbsp;Serpil Aközcan Pehlivanoglu ,&nbsp;Michele Guida ,&nbsp;Simona Mancini","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The research aimed to study the safety of the dose-staged Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) on the patients' organs, by evaluating the equivalent and effective doses delivered to various body parts and examining the impacts on the blood parameters. The case study consisted of 30 patients with different brain lesions undergone to GKRS. To assess the radiation exposure on the different body parts, gamma dose rates were measured using a survey radiation dosimeter. The results demonstrated that the GKRS beam effectively backscatters on the patient's body, considering the irradiation doses and the exposure time. Body parts in closer proximity to the target (radiation beam) received higher gamma doses compared to other areas. High and low values of gamma dose rate were measured in the two configurations: high irradiation dose (80 Gy for 46.47 min) and low irradiation dose (10 Gy per 15.7 min) for the brain lesions of Trigeminal Neuralgia and Meningioma, respectively. Radiobiological effects were estimated following the international guidelines revealing significant radiation impacts on some organs. Hematological effects were also evaluated with variations depending on the radiation exposure dose and the exposure time. Some blood cells showed radiation-related impacts. Notably, the high dose of 80 Gy administered over 46.47 min of exposure for trigeminal brain lesions had a greater influence on the blood parameters compared to the low dose of 10 Gy over 15.7 min of exposure for acoustic neuroma brain lesions. Consequently, it turned out that increases in gamma-ray doses resulted in significant impacts on specific blood parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112267"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142330108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Size specific dose estimates and effective dose in multiphase abdomen-pelvis CT examinations","authors":"Philomina Akhilesh ,&nbsp;M.S. Pathan ,&nbsp;S.D. Sharma ,&nbsp;B.K. Sapra","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study estimated the size-specific dose estimates (SSDE) in different scan phases and inter-phase variations of multi-phase abdomen-pelvis CT examinations. Various methods employed for determination of SSDE, which takes into account the size of the patient, were compared for 51 multiphase abdomen-pelvis CT examinations using custom written software. These methods are based on effective diameter, water equivalent diameter derived from region of interest and segmentation techniques, diameter of central image and whole scan series. Significant variation was observed in SSDE of pre-contrast phase in comparison to other phases. The effective dose was also estimated and correlated with SSDE. The results indicate that the underestimation in the dose estimated using the machine parameter, CTDI_vol, was in the range of 10%–60% when compared with SSDE. This study concludes that the average SSDE of the whole examination is a better representation of patient dose in the case of multi-phase examinations. It highlights the need for integration of SSDE calculating software in the CT scanner systems for accurate estimation of patient doses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112269"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142418007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of beta spectrometry using double scintillators and ML-based unfolding","authors":"Yanfeng Xie ,&nbsp;Soo Hyun Byun","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112248","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112248","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a novel beta spectrometer that consists of two identical plastic scintillators with one scintillator screened by a thin copper plate as a beta shield. The screened scintillator responds only to gamma photons while the other scintillator responds to both beta particles and gamma photons. The spectrometer’s response to beta and gamma radiations was characterized by experiments and Monte Carlo simulations. The gamma responses of the scintillators were in good agreement in most energy region while the screened scintillator showed a notable gamma attenuation in the low energy region below 150 keV. Comparison of the simulated and measured pulse height spectra showed good agreements for both beta and gamma radiations. For beta spectrum analysis, a simple gamma subtraction method and a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based method were investigated for various mixed beta–gamma fields. The subtraction method showed good accuracy in most energy regions while a notable overestimation of beta fluence was observed in the low energy region, which was caused by the gamma attenuation effect of the screened scintillator. The outcomes of the CNN method showed good agreements with the true beta fluence spectra for the validation dataset, however, the CNN model led to a significant overestimation for a dataset produced using the radionuclides that have not been used in the training datasets. To take the advantages of the outperforming features of both unfolding methods, a hybrid algorithm was deduced by applying a tolerance range to the subtraction result.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112248"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142418012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nickel oxide nanoparticles embedded in polymer-matrix nanocomposite prepared by nanosecond laser ablation method for optoelectronic applications","authors":"Ayman M. Mostafa ,&nbsp;Aeshah Salem ,&nbsp;Ameenah N. Al-Ahmadi ,&nbsp;Eman A. Mwafy ,&nbsp;Wafaa B. Elsharkawy ,&nbsp;Sherif S. Nafee ,&nbsp;Ahood Jazy Alshammary ,&nbsp;Arafat Toghan ,&nbsp;Mariem M. Motawea","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112262","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The polymeric PVA structure embedded with nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) was synthesized using nanosecond pulsed laser ablation in liquid media technique for optoelectronic applications. A comprehensive investigation was conducted on the optical and electrical characteristics of the fabricated films to demonstrate the proficiency of the proposed nanocomposite film in that particular domain. Different weights of NiO nanoparticles were generated by embedding them in PVA film using different ablation durations. It was shown that as the concentration of NiO embedded in PVA increased in correlation with the ablation period, the absorption peak changed to a longer wavelength, and the absorption edge of PVA changed towards lower photon energy with a reduction in the band gap density. Followed by the increase in disorder degree through the addition of NiO NPs, while an average value of the dispersion energy is identical, and the nonlinear parameters (χ⁽³⁾ and n₂) increase. Also, the results emphsies that the dielectric characteristics were affected as the concentration of NiO NPs increased due to the rise in the density of states, which resulted in the generation of polarization. Due to the creation of the charge transfer complex, the optical conductivity of the produced nanocomposites rises as the concentration of NiO NPs increases. Therefore, the optical and electrical characteristics of PVA are significantly affected by the incorporation of NiO nanocomposites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112262"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142418005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication, characterization and optimization design of flexible materials for X-ray shielding with high efficiency","authors":"Yang Liu ,&nbsp;Heting Wei ,&nbsp;Weijie Zhu ,&nbsp;Yutong Wang ,&nbsp;Lin Yuan ,&nbsp;Xiaojuan Wang ,&nbsp;Qi Wang ,&nbsp;Boyu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112265","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112265","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, a kind of thermoplastic elastomer Polystyrene-<em>block</em>-poly(ethylene-<em>ran</em>-butylene)-block-polystyrene (SEBS) is used for the fabrication of W, Pb, Bi, Gd₂O₃, BaSO₄ and Sn particles dispersed flexible composites for X-ray shielding. Through melting and blending technology, functional elements are well dispersed in the SEBS matrix even without any chemical interactions between the chemical groups of SEBS and the fillers. Based on mass attenuation coefficient rules of mixture or compound in XCOM program, X-ray shielding efficiency of the samples are predicted by mass attenuation coefficient (<em>μ</em>_m), linear attenuation coefficient (<em>μ</em>), half value layer (<em>HVL</em>) and equivalent atomic number (<em>Z</em>_<em>eff</em>). It is predicted by XCOM program that three shielding levels are actually found, in which W, Pb and Bi doped samples have the strongest X-ray shielding ability, with Gd₂O₃, BaSO₄ and Sn providing lesser effectiveness. Then, predictions of XCOM and MCNP codes are verified by the experimental measurement of shielding efficiency at X-ray tube voltages of 80 kV_p and 120 kV_p. Due to the different K-layer photon absorption edges of elements W and Bi, sample doped with proportion of W:Bi = 5:5 is able to achieve a complementation in the weak absorption region of 70 keV–90 keV. What is more, a layer of Gd₂O₃ doped sample stacked on W:Bi = 5:5 is able to greatly improve the shielding efficiency in the region of 50 keV–90 keV, indicating a more effective shielding design achieved. To sum up, based on the thermoplastic elastomer SEBS, a series of X-ray shielding functional materials with high flexibility and performance are prepared, and both theoretical and experimental results show that they could be of great potential values in the field of X-ray shielding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112265"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142418088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An investigation of some ionizing radiation interaction parameters with selected composition alloys","authors":"A.M. Abdelmonem ,&nbsp;Ghada Salaheldin ,&nbsp;Howaida Mansour","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112266","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112266","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present work examined γ-ray and neutron shielding capabilities of substances, including CS(516), SS(403), SS(410), SS(316), SS(316L), SS(304L), Incoloy-(600), Monel-(400), and Cupero_Nickel. Via the calculation of Half Value Layer (HVL), Effective atomic number (Z_eff), Mean free path (MFP), Effective conductivity (C_eff), transmission factor (TF) and the dose rate (Dr). Fast neutron removal cross-section ∑_R and total macroscopic cross-section ∑_t, the association involving mean excitation energies of electrons and sample density, some charged ions variety at different energies, stopping power (SP) and CSDA range (R) of electrons and Transmission coefficient for several materials at varying incoming gamma ray energy. The efficiency of the alloys as gamma shields was examined using software (Phy_X/PSD and Py_MLBUF), while SRIM Monte Carlo software was used to calculate the range of charged ions at chosen energies between 0.01 and 20 MeV. At 0.025 eV and 4 MeV, the thermal and fast neutron removal factors were calculated using the NGCal software. The alloys fast neutron removal cross section was computed using the partial density method. Gamma ray shielding was found to be optimal with cupro_nickel. In the energy range of 0.02–15 MeV for neutrons, SS–316 was discovered to be the best shielding material. The current research should be helpful for choosing appropriate materials for γ-ray and neutron shielding in various industries as well as for probable uses of these materials in nuclear reactor core design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112266"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142330112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of gamma radiation on the structure and morphology of AgNWs/GO nanocomposites","authors":"Mahammad Baghir Baghirov ,&nbsp;Mustafa Muradov ,&nbsp;Elchin Huseynov ,&nbsp;Gasimov Eldar Kochari ,&nbsp;Rzayev Fuad Huseynali ,&nbsp;Marjetka Conradi","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112258","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, AgNWs/GO nanocomposites were prepared by mechanically mixing graphene oxide (GO) synthesized using a modified Hummers' method and silver nanowires (AgNWs) synthesized using a modified polyol method. These nanocomposites were subjected to gamma radiation at three different doses (8, 25, and 50 kGy). Modification of materials by gamma radiation is a very important issue in materials science. The effects of gamma radiation on the structure of the nanocomposites were investigated through X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. Changes in morphology depending on the radiation dose were examined using transmission electron microscope (TEM) images. Elemental analysis was performed before and after irradiation. For GO irradiated at a dose of 25 kGy, the strain and dislocation density values reached their highest levels (ε = 0.065 and σ = 3.33 × 10¹² cm⁻²). Following gamma radiation exposure, the strain and dislocation density of AgNWs showed a non-linear decrease compared to the initial sample. The highest values for both strain and dislocation density were recorded at the 0 kGy dose (ε = 0.0064 and <span><math><mrow><mi>σ</mi></mrow></math></span> = 0.0036 × 10¹²cm⁻²). Elemental analysis (EDS) indicated that reduction processes occurred depending on the radiation dose, with the highest reduction observed in the sample irradiated at 25 kGy. Studies indicate that gamma radiation can modify the structural and physical properties of the AgNWs/GO nanocomposite.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112258"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142330163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the effects of gamma radiation and Y2O3 on the elastic properties of Al2024 composites by ultrasonic method","authors":"Hikmettin Demir ,&nbsp;Mehmet Sahin Atas ,&nbsp;Imran Oral","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112257","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112257","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the effect of Y₂O₃ contribution and γ-irradiation on the elastic properties of pure Al2024 and Al2024/Y₂O₃ composites was precisely investigated with the help of determined density and ultrasonic wave velocities. Ultrasonic longitudinal and shear wave velocity measurements of the samples were performed at room temperature using the ultrasonic pulse-echo method at 20 and 5 MHz frequencies, respectively. X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy examined the microstructural properties and phase characterizations of metal matrix composite (MMC) samples. A gamma cell type ⁶⁰Co source was used to irradiate MMC samples in the air at room temperature. The absorbed dose rate was measured to be approximately 1.5 kGy/h, and the total delivered dose was 50 kGy. According to the findings obtained from the research, the contribution of Y₂O₃ to pure Al 2024 at 0.5, 1, and 5 wt% ratios and exposure to gamma rays of 50 kGy caused a decrease in <em>V</em>_<em>L</em><em>, L, K,</em> and <em>μ</em> values and a significant increase in <em>ρ, V</em>_<em>S</em><em>, G, HV, H,</em> and <em>E</em> values. The highest Young's modulus values compared with pure Al2024 were obtained in both unirradiated and irradiated Al2024/0.5Y₂O₃ composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112257"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142330110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chaotic characteristics and nonlinear prediction of radon exhalation rate in granitoid materials with single fissure roughness variations","authors":"Ming Lan,&nbsp;Hongyu Huang,&nbsp;Yan He,&nbsp;Ying Tang,&nbsp;Shuangqi Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112260","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112260","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the relationship between cumulative radon concentration and fractal dimension of single fissure in synthetic granite materials, motivated by global radiation concerns stemming from radon emanation in underground geological disposal laboratories. Three analogous materials with distinct fissure fractal dimensions (1.05, 1.15, and 1.25) were synthesized and subjected to time series analysis on radon exhalation rates. The findings revealed chaotic characteristics of the radon exhalation rate time series, characterized by maximal Lyapunov exponents of 0.1306, 0.1452, and 0.1581, respectively. An optimal embedding dimension of 4 was identified for all three materials. The analysis further showed that dissipative behavior intensified with increasing fissure fractal dimensions, resulting in cumulative radon concentration amplification. The effectiveness of an RNN-LSTM deep learning network in accurately predicting radon exhalation rates in granitoid materials is demonstrated. The model successfully captured the chaotic characteristics of the time series data and made precise short-term predictions, spanning a predicted period of 44 min. This achievement facilitates the implementation of early warning mechanisms and control strategies to ensure operator safety through effective radiation protection measures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112260"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142330109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting the production of 51Mn as a useable radionuclide for PET imaging via the 52Cr(p,2n)51Mn reaction using GEANT4, MCNPX, TALYS, and EMPIRE codes","authors":"Farzad Isazadeh,&nbsp;Akbar Abdi Saray","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112264","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>⁵¹Mn is an ideal radioisotope for positron emission tomography (PET) in pancreatic imaging dues to its positron emission characteristics (E_β+ = 963.7 keV, I_β+ = 97%) and its advantageous short half-life (T_1/2 = 46.2 min). In this study, the production of ⁵¹Mn via the ⁵²Cr(p,2n)⁵¹Mn reaction was predicted by calculating cross-section and production yield parameters using GEANT4-10.7, MCNPX, TALYS-1.96, SRIM, and EMPIRE-3.2.3 nuclear codes. The GEANT4 and SRIM codes were applied to investigate range of protons in ⁵²Cr target. The cross-section of the ⁵²Cr(p,2n)⁵¹Mn reaction was determined by GEANT4, EMPIRE, and four methods of TALYS code. The thick yield of the reaction was evaluated via two different ways of GEANT4 toolkit, and also TALYS and MCNPX codes. At the end, the simulated values were compared to previous reported experimental data, which were in good compatibility to each other.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112264"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142418004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}