Radiation Physics and Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"A novel 3D polymer gel dosimeter based on polymethyl methacrylate gel (PMMAG) for radiotherapy: Ultrasonic evaluation","authors":"Mohammed Dawood Salman ,&nbsp;Yasmin Md Radzi ,&nbsp;Azhar Abdul Rahman ,&nbsp;Ammar A. Oglat","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112286","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the characteristics of a novel polymer gel dosimeter (PMMAG) for radiotherapy applications, focusing on its radiation absorption and sensitivity properties. The PMMAG dosimeters were evaluated using both UV–vis spectrophotometry and ultrasonic techniques. The results of the study, UV–vis analysis revealed a significant increase in dose response with the introduction of a cross-linker, peaking at a monomer-to-cross-linker ratio of 5:3. Sensitivity analysis indicated optimal sensitivity at this ratio, with values reaching 0.021 a.u./Gy. Ultrasound evaluation showed that the speed of sound and attenuation coefficient demonstrated a linear relationship and a strong positive correlation with an increase in the applied radiation dose, with the highest sensitivity observed at 8 Gy. The optimal sample exhibited the highest dose-response values at both 4 Gy and 8 Gy doses. Sensitivity values ranged from 2.1 to 2.75. The ultrasonic measurements demonstrated a significantly larger dynamic range in dose response curves compared to UV–vis dose-response data. It is concluded that ultrasound shows great potential as a technique for the evaluation of polymer gel dosimeters. The PMMAG can be introduced as a novel dosimeter for ionizing radiation dosimetry, validated through both optical and ultrasound assessment methods. The consistent and reliable performance of the PMMAG dosimeters makes them suitable for various applications in radiation therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112286"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidation of radiation-induced molecular fragmentation in triphenylmethane aromatic dye using mass spectrometric tool","authors":"Mamoun S.M. Abd El-kareem ,&nbsp;A.M. Abdelhady ,&nbsp;Elsayed K. Elmaghraby ,&nbsp;Saad Abdelaal ,&nbsp;Hatem Hussny Tokhy","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the potential of triphenylmethane dye as a gamma radiation dosimeter using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) through detection of radiation-induced derivatives produced at low concentrations in the irradiated material. Pristine triphenylmethane established a reference baseline for the dye’s dosimetric properties to establish a differentiated signature of the radiation-synthesized derivatives. The two key radiation-induced derivatives identified and quantified in the present work were <em>2-Propanone,1,1-diphenyl-</em> and diphenylcarbinol <em>Benzenemethanol</em>, <span><math><mi>α</mi></math></span>, <span><math><mi>α</mi></math></span>-<em>diphenyl-</em> which was found in trace amounts in pristine material due to possible natural chemical or radiation processes. Gamma irradiation significantly accelerates their formation in which their relative concentration increases linearly with increasing radiation dose up to 100 kGy. Unavoidable radiation-induced synthesis of low-mass radiation fragments was observed at higher gas chromatography retention time; and also exhibit a linear increase with dose within the investigated range.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112284"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detailed investigation of mechanical and gamma-ray shielding capabilities of zinc, bismuth, and niobium-doped Tellurite glasses","authors":"N. Almousa ,&nbsp;Shams A.M. Issa ,&nbsp;N.T. El-Shamy ,&nbsp;Ahmed H. Ali ,&nbsp;Hesham M.H. Zakaly","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a comprehensive examination of the glass systems consisting of TeO₂, ZnO, Bi₂O₃, and Nb₂O₅. The objective is to assess their suitability as radiation shielding materials and analyze their mechanical characteristics. Analysis of TZBN1's mass attenuation coefficients (MAC) was conducted using FLUKA modeling and XCOM. The findings indicated that TZBN1 had the highest Mean Absolute Change (MAC) at low energy levels (0.02 MeV), measured 38.547 cm²/g. These findings suggest that TZBN1 has a more favorable photoelectric effect interaction. Over energies beyond 20 MeV, TZBN4 has exceptional performance in comparison to other samples, with a mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) of 0.043996 cm²/g. These findings suggest an improved capacity to provide protection against high-energy photons. The density of the glass substrates is an essential factor, and TZBN4 exhibits a peak density of 6.15 g/cm³. Consequently, it exhibits a reduced gamma-ray transmission factor (TF), thereby underscoring its efficacy in mitigating gamma radiation. Based on the Makishima and Mackenzie model, TZBN1 exhibits the greatest Young's Modulus, measured at around 814.67 kJ/mol per PD. These findings suggest that TZBN1 exhibits the highest level of mechanical strength and stiffness among the glasses examined. In contrast, TZBN4 exhibits the lowest Young's Modulus of 453.47 kJ/mol per PD, making it potentially appropriate for certain applications that need flexibility. The results underscore the importance of glass chemical composition in tailoring materials for radiation protection and mechanical robustness. The glasses composed of TeO₂, ZnO, Bi₂O₃, and Nb₂O₅, namely TZBN4, are regarded as very promising for applications that need efficient shielding against high-energy photons, while also providing material flexibility and strength. This paper presents a substantial framework for selecting and creating glass materials for the goal of providing safe shielding in the domains of medicine, industry, and nuclear facilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112283"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient synthesis of conjugated 2-(9H-fluoren-7-yl)-9H-fluorene via Br elimination in 2-bromofluorene using electron beam-irradiation","authors":"Seung-Hwan Oh,&nbsp;Hyun Bin Kim,&nbsp;Jin-Mun Yun,&nbsp;Huisu Kim,&nbsp;Byungnam Kim,&nbsp;Jong-Seok Park","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study demonstrates the synthesis of conjugated 2-(9H-fluoren-7-yl)-9H-fluorene using electron beam irradiation within 3 min in place of the conventional catalytic cross-coupling reactions. 2-bromofluorene was irradiated at various doses (10, 30, 50, 70, 90, and 100 kGy), resulting in the elimination of Br from the 2-position and the formation of C–C bonds between the Br-eliminated fluorenes. The yield of 2-(9H-fluoren-7-yl)-9H-fluorene increased with higher absorbed doses, reaching 65% at 100 kGy. <u>UV–Vis absorption of synthesized 2-(9H-fluoren-7-yl)-9H-fluorene showed an onset at 357 nm and a maximum absorption peak at 325 nm, and blue emission ranging from 340 to 450 nm in photoluminescence (PL).</u> The results of UV–Vis absorption and PL indicated expanded conjugation of 2-(9H-fluoren-7-yl)-9H-fluorene due to the formation of C–C bonds between 2-bromofluorene through the electron beam-induced coupling reaction. Electron beam irradiation offers the potential to significantly reduce the reaction times for synthesis of conjugated organic compounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112285"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142437721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gamma absorption and radiation shielding properties of apatite-wollastonite containing SiO2, Fe2O3, and TiO2","authors":"Zainab Mufarreh Elqahtani ,&nbsp;Z.A. Alrowaili ,&nbsp;Norah Salem Alsaiari ,&nbsp;Marzoqa M. Alnairi ,&nbsp;I.O. Olarinoye ,&nbsp;M.S. Al-Buriahi","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research presents the gamma interaction parameters of glass-ceramics with the apatite-wollastonite (AW) crystal structure within the SiO₂–CaO–Al₂O₃–MgO–P₂O₅–CaF₂ glass (AW) doped with 10% SiO₂ (AW-10Si), Fe₂O₃ (AW-10Fe), and TiO₂ (AW-10Ti) by weight. The density of the glass ceramics was determined based on the Archimedes method while the mass attenuation coefficients (MACs) of the glasses were estimated using the PHITS simulation code for gamma photons within the 15 keV-15MeV energies. The obtained densities of AW, AW-10Si, AW-10Ti, and AW-10Fe are 2.90, 2.92, 2.91, and 3.05 g/cm³, respectively. The linear attenuation coefficients of the glasses followed the order <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>L</mi><mi>A</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>W</mi></mrow></msub><mo>&lt;</mo><msub><mrow><mi>L</mi><mi>A</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>W</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>10</mn><mi>S</mi><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub><mo>&lt;</mo><msub><mrow><mi>L</mi><mi>A</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>W</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>10</mn><mi>T</mi><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub><mo>&lt;</mo><msub><mrow><mi>L</mi><mi>A</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>W</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>10</mn><mi>F</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>. The addition of the metal oxides improves the attenuation coefficients of AW. A gradual increase in the HVLs was observed as the glass density decreased. AW-10Fe has the best photon absorption and scattering interaction cross-sections among the investigated glasses. This study showed that AW-<em>x</em> glasses are nontoxic, cheaper, environmentally friendly, and effective shields compared to some commercial and recently researched shielding glasses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112282"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gd3+ doped Na2O-CaO-P2O5-B2O3-ZrO2 glass ceramics for γ-ray radiation dose detection","authors":"Yingtao Fu ,&nbsp;Zhaoyang Chen ,&nbsp;Yifan Sun ,&nbsp;Zuyang Gao ,&nbsp;Siping Wang ,&nbsp;Yi Liu ,&nbsp;Yanwei Fan ,&nbsp;Junhua Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112280","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112280","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, Gd³⁺-doped NCPBZ glass-ceramics were prepared using melt-quenching technique, and their radiation dose performance was investigated. By varying the concentration of Gd³⁺ ions, we found that the sample with 0.5 mol% concentration exhibited the strongest luminescence and the best optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) intensity. Therefore, further OSL related tests were conducted on samples with this concentration under different doses. The results showed that the continuous wave OSL dose response fitting value of the sample in the range of 0.1–1000 Gy was m = 0.928, which is close to 1, while R² was 0.9992 in the range of 50–1000 Gy, indicating better linearity. Meanwhile, the relative standard deviation of the OSL intensity for the sample's ten-cycle tests was 1.5%. The Gd³⁺-doped NaCaPO₄ microcrystalline glass studied here is expected to have broad application prospects in wide-range linear radiation dose monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112280"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142418019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring very low radiation doses in PTFE for nuclear forensic enrichment reconstruction","authors":"Rachel C. Connick ,&nbsp;Charles A. Hirst ,&nbsp;Kevin B. Woller ,&nbsp;Avery K. Nguyen ,&nbsp;Julie V. Logan ,&nbsp;R. Scott Kemp ,&nbsp;Michael P. Short","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112256","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112256","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Every country that has made nuclear weapons has used uranium enrichment to do so. Despite the centrality of this technology to international security, there is still no reliable physical marker of past enrichment in the open literature that can be used to perform forensic verification of historically produced weapons on gas centrifuges. We show that the extremely low radioactivity from uranium alpha emissions during enrichment leaves detectable and irreversible calorimetric signatures in the common enrichment gasket material PTFE, allowing for historical reconstruction of past enrichment activities at a sensitivity better than one weapon's quantity of highly enriched uranium. Fast scanning calorimetry also enables the measurement of recrystallization enthalpies of sequentially microtomed slices, confirming the magnitude and the type of radiation exposure while also providing detection of tampering and a method for analyzing field samples useful for treaty verification. This work opens the door for common items to be turned into precise dosimeters to detect the past presence of radioactivity, nuclear materials, and related activities with high confidence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112256"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diffusion and mobility measurements for propane gas with a nanodosimetric detector","authors":"Irina Kempf ,&nbsp;Uwe Schneider","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For the operation of nanodosimetric detectors with propane gas, it is essential to know the gas properties at room temperature, such as drift velocity, ion mobility, longitudinal and transversal diffusion coefficients. For propane gas there is only limited experimental data available for the ion mobility and transverse diffusion coefficients. In this work, the drift velocities and ion mobilities for propane were obtained over the reduced electric field range <span><math><mrow><mi>E</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>N</mi></mrow></math></span> from 24 to 212 Td (1 Td = <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>17</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> Vcm<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>) based on arrival time measurements. The reduced ion mobility <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> for propane was determined to be <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>71</mn><mspace></mspace><mo>±</mo><mspace></mspace><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>09</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> cm<span><math><mrow><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>/</mo></mrow></math></span>Vs. The longitudinal diffusion coefficients were determined from the widths of the experimental arrival time spectra and found to be <span><math><mrow><mi>N</mi><msub><mrow><mi>D</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> = (3.7 <span><math><mo>±</mo></math></span> 0.5)<span><math><mrow><mi>⋅</mi><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>19</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> 1/ms in the low field limit below 30 Td.</div><div>The results presented in this work extend the range of available experimental data for propane, as well as introduce first experimental measurements of the longitudinal diffusion coefficient of propane.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112274"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142418015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"(G4-SEOPTIM): A GEANT4 application for shielded enclosure, designing and shielding optimizing: The case of a new Moroccan shielded enclosure","authors":"Abdelouahab Abarane ,&nbsp;Ali AL Amrani ,&nbsp;Mounir Mkimel ,&nbsp;Redouane EL Baydaoui","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study aims to develop and validate a Geant4 simulation application using the latest <em>G4RadioactiveDecayPhysics v5.1</em> library to optimize the shielding design of a Moroccan shielded enclosure. The goal is to ensure effective radiation protection by comparing simulation results with initial geometric calculations based on the attenuation law <em>(Beer-Lambert Law)</em> and implementing design optimizations to enhance safety and reduce costs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study began with a prototype design based on linear attenuation calculations, which were costly and offered limited patient safety. Using the Geant4 Monte Carlo toolkit, we simulated the decay of a Fluorine-18 source within the shielded enclosure to evaluate dose rate distributions. The simulation's accuracy was validated through comparison with experimental measurements, and the results informed the geometric optimization of the shielding enclosure.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The Geant4 simulations demonstrated that the current shielding design effectively reduces radiation doses to acceptable levels. However, the simulations also identified opportunities for further optimization of the enclosure's geometry, allowing for more precise and efficient use of shielding materials while maintaining safety standards.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study confirms the utility of Geant4 for optimizing radiation shielding designs. While the initial dimensions provided adequate protection, the simulation enabled more precise geometric optimization. This approach not only enhances radiation protection but also informs the design and construction of more efficient and cost-effective shielding enclosures. The adjustments made to the enclosure's faces significantly improved radiation protection, reducing the dose rate surrounding the shielded enclosure to acceptable levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112277"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142418010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of the scoping tool and AMBER model in radiological safety assessment of the barrier systems of the borehole disposal system for the disposal of disused sources in Ghana","authors":"C. Kansaana ,&nbsp;F. Sam ,&nbsp;A. Faanu ,&nbsp;E.T. Glover ,&nbsp;E. Akrobortu ,&nbsp;E.A. Adofo ,&nbsp;R.A.T. Annan ,&nbsp;P. Essel ,&nbsp;P.J. Adeti ,&nbsp;Isaac Owusu","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radiological safety assessment was carried out to assess the integrity and longevity of the barrier systems of the borehole disposal system (BDS) for the disposal of disused sources in Ghana. The design of the BDS incorporates both the engineered and natural barriers into its safety concept. The safety of the BDS requires confidence in the ability of the engineered barriers on the host environmental conditions to provide containment for the disused sources for a sufficient length of time. The results obtained from the scoping tool indicated that the dose limit was exceeded which showed that the containment provided by the engineered barriers was not sufficient to ensure safety of the disposal system for the specified environmental conditions and radionuclides inventory. Detailed modelling was performed with an AMBER model to evaluate the containment provided by the engineered barriers and the geosphere with some identified scenarios. The AMBER model results showed that the calculated peak dose from any of the disposed radionuclides for the identified scenarios was below the dose constraint of 0.3 mSv/y. The peak doses occurred around 2000–1000000 years. The peak doses were seen to be mainly derived from Ra-266 and Am-241 and/or their daughters. The disused sources could be disposed of safely in the disposal system either in an oxidizing or reducing fractured/porous flow environment without posing any significant radiological threat to humans and the environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 112273"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142418008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}