Radiation Physics and Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Ionizing radiation resistance of butadiene and silicone rubbers for Mars applications","authors":"Rafal Anyszka, Piotr Szajerski, Radoslaw Wach, Anke Blume","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113372","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to investigate the ionizing radiation resistance of Butadiene (BR) and Vinyl-Silicone (VMQ) rubbers, which are the most promising candidates for Mars applications due to their low-temperature elasticity. The influence of various fillers on BR and aromatic silicone oligomer on VMQ radiation resistance was investigated by β or γ irradiation. The irradiation was carried out at two doses of 5 kGy or 10 kGy. In general, VMQ exhibits good radiation resistance even without the addition of the aromatic silicone oligomer. In contrast, the radiation resistance of BR was improved after the incorporation of the fillers, especially of mineral origin – silica, TiO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2,</ce:inf> or ZnO, which is probably a result of radiation interaction with the fillers’ particles instead of rubber macromolecules. Both rubbers have proved to be promising elastomer bases for designing future Mars rubber compounds.","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145261803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and Monte Carlo dose assessment in paediatric computed tomography","authors":"Iris Wölwitsch, Montserrat Moraleda, José-María Gómez-Ros, Helmut Schlattl","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113365","url":null,"abstract":"Dose assessment in computer tomography (CT) can be performed by Monte Carlo (MC) computer simulation programs. These simulations use realistic computational models of human bodies to estimate organ doses and therefore perform patient-specific dosimetry.","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145261844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A modelling approach to defining radiochemical separation requirements for gamma spectrometry analysis","authors":"T.C. Stokes ,&nbsp;M.A. Goodwin ,&nbsp;M.J. Jackson ,&nbsp;A.J. Boston","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113348","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113348","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel application of the GEANT4 toolkit has been developed to assess the impact of various radiochemical separation outcomes on the detection limit for particular radionuclides of interest. A high-purity germanium detector has been modelled using the toolkit and validated using experimental measurements with software developed to perform automated spectral analysis. This software has been shown to be capable of simulating high-purity germanium spectra with varying activities of target analyte(s) and impurities. The time taken to perform the separation is also considered. The primary product of this analysis is a design space for radiochemical separation, which contributes to the definition of requirements for chemical yield, purity, and speed. This allows for an assessment, on an individual sample basis, on which process improvements are likely to result in the greatest measurement benefit. Further uses of this work include the development of radiochemical separation methods, the utility of further sample purification, and evaluation of the impact of individual impurity radionuclides. Specific theoretical and applied examples have been analysed and are reported in this work.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 113348"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145261699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and physical investigation of CuCo2O4 and CuCo2O4/graphene nanoparticles for gamma ray shielding","authors":"Amir Reza Khoshhal ,&nbsp;Abbas Bagheri Khatibani ,&nbsp;Arefeh Rezapour ,&nbsp;Mahdi Shaddoust ,&nbsp;Mahyar Nirouei","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nowadays, the research on environmentally sensitive and non-toxic materials for radiation protection, especially the use of materials that are not part of the lead family, has become a higher priority. In this study, CuCo₂O₄ and CuCo₂O₄/graphene were synthesized using the hydrothermal method. The morphological, structural, and gamma shielding properties of the prepared samples were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The factors related to radiation shielding such as radiation protection efficiency (RPE), transmission factor (TF), tenth value layer (TVL), mean free path (MFP), half value layer (HVL), mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) and linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) of the samples were calculated. The observed results can help in understanding the radiation shielding performance of copper cobaltite-based samples. For a more complete review, a simulation survey through GEometry ANd Tracking (GEANT4) code was applied to compare the protecting parameters. The LAC for pure and graphene added samples were 2.907 cm⁻¹and 3.890 cm⁻¹, respectively, while HVL, TVL, MFP, and TF showed a decreasing trend. Besides, an increase of MAC and RPE is observed due to presence of graphene. GEANT4 simulations supported these experimental findings. Gamma-ray attenuation rates were 19.61 % and 22.75 %, respectively. These results suggest that the CuCo₂O₄/graphene have strong potential as an effective gamma-ray attenuator.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 113369"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145261841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling of an X-ray calibration system using the Monte Carlo simulation with the PHITS code","authors":"Le Huu Loi ,&nbsp;Le Duc Toan ,&nbsp;Hoang Duc Tam","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we performed modeling of an X-ray calibration system in the energy range from 1 keV to 80 keV with a resolution of 0.5 keV using Monte Carlo simulation PHITS code. The accuracy of the model was evaluated based on the ISO 4037–1:2019 standard by establishing the characteristics of the narrow-spectrum N-80 X-ray beam, which include four parameters: the first half-value layer (HVL₁), the second half-value layer (HVL₂), the homogeneity coefficient (h), and the mean energy (E_mean). The calculated results from the proposed PHITS model show good agreement with the reference values in ISO 4037–1:2019. Next, to enhance the reliability of the simulation model, we conducted experimental measurements of these parameters. The experimental results showed that the relative deviations between the simulation and experiment for HVL₁ and HVL₂ were 1.5 % and 2.7 %, respectively. The homogeneity coefficient h, as determined from PHITS simulation and experiment, was 0.92 ± 0.06 and 0.91 ± 0.07, respectively, which falls within the recommended range of ISO 4037–1:2019 (0.88–1). In addition, field uniformity, the contribution from scattered radiation, and the attenuation of radiation intensity with distance were also compared, showing good agreement between simulation and experiment. Finally, we used the simulation model to calculate ambient dose equivalent rates at various positions and compared them with experimental measurements. The results showed that the maximum deviation between PHITS model calculations and experimental values was 0.6 % at a position 100 cm from the X-ray tube, and did not exceed 7.7 % over the entire range from 60 cm to 450 cm. This study suggests that modeling an X-ray calibration system using the PHITS code may be an effective and low-cost approach for calculating necessary quantities in X-ray radiation dose calibration and for conducting further studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 113359"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145261806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidating the electronic structure and optical properties of gamma-irradiated poly(methyl methacrylate): Experimental study and DFT approach","authors":"Basma A. El-Badry ,&nbsp;M.F. Zaki","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113350","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113350","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, the resulting effects on the lifetime properties of poly (methyl methacrylate) after exposure to different doses of gamma radiation were studied. Multiple techniques were used to analyze and characterize the resulting changes in properties, such Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, surface roughness spectroscopy, and optical spectroscopy. There is a significant structural improvement in the material chains as a result of gamma ray stimulation, and the surface roughness of the samples increased after gamma ray exposure. Analysis of the optical properties measurements after gamma ray exposure revealed a shift in the absorption edge with increasing gamma ray doses, shifting toward longer wavelengths. A reduction in the band gap energy and a rise in the refractive index of the irradiated material were also observed with improved optical parameters. The band gap energy of the sample exposed to the highest dose reached 3.76 eV and 2.63 eV for the direct and indirect transitions, respectively. Also, with increasing gamma doses, both the tail bandwidth energy of the new states and the refractive index of the material increase from 0.565 eV to approximately 0.877 eV and from 1.3935 to 1.8555, respectively, at exposure to a dose of 185 kGy. The density functional theory (DFT) using the B3LYP method with a 6-311G (d,p) basis set was applied to explore the relationship between spectral and structural characteristics of PMMA molecules. This theoretical approach examined alterations in molecular structure and electronic transitions. Our vibrational analysis conducted in the ground state using DFT showed close alignment between experimental infrared spectra and calculated vibrational wave numbers. The molecular energy gap was defined through frontier molecular orbital energies (HOMO-LUMO), with observations indicating intermolecular charge transfer and chemical reactivity within the molecule. The molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) surface highlighted hydrogen bonding and the molecule's reactive nature, while Mulliken atomic charge analysis revealed electron density shifts within the structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 113350"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145261805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of ambient temperature in Gafchromic™ MD-V3 and HD-V2 film response during 60Co gamma irradiation and optical density readings for doses from 10 to 1000 Gy","authors":"Hanano Yamada, Andrew Parker","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113356","url":null,"abstract":"Controlled irradiation of insects is required for the sterile insect technique (SIT) as the insects must receive an optimal dose to ensure full sterility, but overdosing must be avoided for the successful implementation of the SIT. Reliable dosimetry is thus necessary for irradiation quality assurance. Gafchromic™ films are frequently used in SIT programmes both for dose mapping and for dose confirmation.","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145261804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attosecond energy transfer: Suppressing X-ray emission and enhancing electron production","authors":"Jaroslav Hofierka,&nbsp;Lorenz S. Cederbaum","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Energy transfer processes among atoms and molecules are widely investigated experimentally and theoretically. The usually considered range of transferred energies covers small to intermediate size energies. In this work we raise the question under what circumstances the transfer of large energies can be efficient. At such energies the transfer process leads to ionization of the environment, and is thus related to Interatomic (or Intermolecular) Coulombic Decay (ICD) much investigated for small to intermediate size energies. At the large excess energies studied here, however, relativistic effects arising from the finite speed of light become decisive and lead to substantial impact on the energy transfer. A key ingredient is the extremely short radiative lifetime of the donor, which can be in the attosecond, 10⁻¹⁸ s, time regime when deep (e.g., 1s) core vacancies of heavy atoms are involved. In an isolated donor, the resulting X-ray emission dominates by far the Auger (often called Auger–Meitner) decay. This is in strong contrast to the situation in lighter atoms where the radiative decay rate is often negligible compared to the Auger decay rate. It is shown that when the highly excited (or excited-ionized) heavy donor is embedded in an environment, the energy transfer can proceed on extremely fast timescales similar to those of the radiative lifetimes of the isolated donor. Consequently, the X-ray emission is, depending on the environment, partially or even nearly completely suppressed and instead electrons are produced in the environment. Consequences for the field of radiation damage are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 113343"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145261807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of organ dose from common CT examinations in Jordan: A retrospective analysis","authors":"Laith Albadarneh ,&nbsp;Haytham Ahmad AL Ewaidat","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to estimate organ and effective radiation doses associated with common computed tomography (CT) examinations performed in Jordan.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A retrospective analysis was conducted on <strong>the parameters of the CT scan</strong> of the brain, chest, and abdomen collected from multiple hospitals in northern Jordan. Organ and effective doses were calculated based on scan parameters including mAs, scan length, and scanner type. Paired-sample t-tests were performed to evaluate differences in organ doses between male and female patients.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean effective dose was 2.35 mSv for brain CT (range: 1.74–3.08 mSv), 17.62 mSv for chest CT (range: 5.44–22.25 mSv), and 4.93 mSv for abdomen CT (range: 3.38–7.07 mSv). Average organ doses were 14.20 mGy to the brain, 24.51 mGy to the lung, 22.34 mGy to the female breast, 10.88 mGy to the stomach, 11.54 mGy to the colon, and 16.40 mGy to the liver. The highest single-organ doses were recorded for the lung (50.81 mGy, male patients), breast (46.30 mGy, female patients), and liver (23.16 mGy, female patients). Statistically significant sex-based differences were observed, with male patients receiving higher doses in brain and lung scans, while females received higher doses in abdominal organs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study highlights substantial dose variability across protocols and scanners and emphasizes the need for standardized CT practices, wider adoption of advanced scanner technology, and sex-specific optimization strategies to minimize unnecessary radiation exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 113358"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monte Carlo simulation of electron beam interactions with window-liquid metal targets for X-ray generation","authors":"A. Soliman","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a novel investigation into the use of a window–liquid metal target configuration for x-ray generation, covering a broad electron beam energy range (100 keV - 1 MeV), using FLUKA Monte Carlo simulation. Unlike conventional solid tungsten targets, this approach explores lightweight, low-Z window materials including titanium, diamond, beryllium, and beryllia, coupled with a lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) to enhance x-ray production. The structural design of the beam windows is carefully addressed, to ensure safe operation. The findings reveal critical energy-dependent relationships between electron transmission, x-ray yield, and thermal load management. Notably, an optimal performance is observed near 500 keV, where both electron penetration and x-ray brightness are maximized. This study provides the first in-depth evaluation of window–liquid metal target systems across this energy range, offering valuable insights for the development of new x-ray sources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 113351"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145261700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}