Radiation Physics and Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Nuclear and radiation shielding performance of synthesized geopolymers with addition of CRT waste glass composites","authors":"Jamila S. Alzahrani ,&nbsp;Z.A. Alrowaili ,&nbsp;I.O. Olarinoye ,&nbsp;Mine Kırkbınar ,&nbsp;Fatih Çalışkan ,&nbsp;M.S. Al-Buriahi","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of geopolymers (GPs) is a sustainable way of providing cheaper concrete binders for buildings. In an attempt to improve the physical, microstructural, and radiation protection properties of new geopolymers and find an environmentally safe way of reusing cathode ray tube (CRT) waste glass, a composition of G and CRT glass was prepared and studied. The CRT glass-infused geopolymer samples were prepared using the powder metallurgy process. The concentrations of CRT glass in the doped G were 0, 10, 20, and 30 wt %, where the samples are coded as G, G-10CRT, G-20CRT, and G-30CRT, respectively. The density of increased with CRT doping from 1.86 g/cm³ to 2.34 g/cm³. XRD spectra of the samples showed well-defined peaks which elucidates the presence of crystal phases. The CRT-free G sample revealed that Si, O, Na and Al were the main elements. On the other hand, the concentrations of heavy Z-elements (such as Pb, Ba and Sr) increased with CRT glass content. The (mass) stopping powers (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>S</mi><mi>p</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>) of β-particles were in the range 1.56–13.71 MeVcm²/g for G, 1.55–12.9 MeVcm²/g for G-10CRT, 1,53–12.67 MeVcm²/g for G-20CRT, and 1.52–12.44 MeVcm²/g for G-30CRT. The ranges of the charged particles followed the order: G &gt; G-10CRT &gt; G-20CRT &gt; G-30CRT. The values of the fast neutron removal cross-section for G, G-10CRT, G-20CRT and G-30CRT were 0.0650 cm⁻¹ for G, 0.0706 cm⁻¹ for G-10CRT, 0.0743 cm⁻¹ for G-20CRT, and 0.0748 cm⁻¹ for G-30CRT. The introduction of CRT glass into G also increased the thermal neutron absorption cross-section of the geopolymers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 112706"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143675572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermoluminescence and optically stimulated luminescence properties of DyF3-doped SrF2 transparent ceramics","authors":"Naoki Kawano ,&nbsp;Takumi Kato ,&nbsp;Robin L. Conner ,&nbsp;Luiz G. Jacobsohn ,&nbsp;Daisuke Nakauchi ,&nbsp;Kai Okazaki ,&nbsp;Kensei Ichiba ,&nbsp;Yuma Takebuchi ,&nbsp;Takayuki Yanagida","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dosimetric properties of SrF₂ transparent ceramics produced by spark plasma sintering with various DyF₃ concentrations (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 %) were evaluated. When excited by X-rays, they showed sharp peaks owing to the transitions between 4f levels in Dy³⁺ ions, in addition to a broad band related to self-trapped excitons. Thermoluminescence and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) response were observed from all ceramics, with the 0.5 % DyF₃-doped SrF₂ transparent ceramic exhibiting the most intense thermoluminescence and OSL signals. The thermoluminescence minimum measurable dose was 0.01 mGy, and for OSL it was 100 mGy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 112711"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143675570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technical research on positional offset correction and spectrum restoration of gamma energy channels using a CeBr3 detector","authors":"Chenhao Zeng ,&nbsp;Hongjian Lin ,&nbsp;WanChang Lai ,&nbsp;Guangxi Wang ,&nbsp;Ningbo Liu ,&nbsp;Zhongshan Duan ,&nbsp;Youjun Wang ,&nbsp;He Sun ,&nbsp;Bing Qin ,&nbsp;Xiaojie Feng ,&nbsp;Yuanye Lin ,&nbsp;Haoyuan Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112708","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112708","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In environmental gamma radioactivity measurements, the measurement of potassium, uranium, and thorium is crucial for strategic resource exploration, geological surveys, and environmental background investigations. This study focused on CeBr₃ detector measurements and discovered that artificial radionuclides affected the intrinsic peaks and peak positions in the regions of interest for potassium, uranium, and thorium, resulting in offsets and distortions in the energy spectrum. Based on principal component analysis and linear regression, the study corrected the interference of artificial radionuclides in the measurements of potassium, uranium, and thorium. The results demonstrated that the peak offset was effectively corrected, with a maximum offset of 0.8 channels, compared to a maximum offset of 6.5 channels before correction. Additionally, correcting the peak area changes yielded better results, effectively reducing the errors in peak area calculations. Specifically, the error in peak area calculations was reduced from 10.52 % to 1.62 % for potassium, from 13.48 % to 1.79 % for uranium, and from 7.00 % to 4.96 % for thorium. The study successfully mitigated the peak position shifts and peak area variations caused by the counting contributions of artificial radionuclide ¹³⁷Cs to the regions of interest for potassium, uranium, and thorium, thereby improving the accuracy of peak area calculations. The analytical method effectively addresses the issue of gamma energy spectrum offset and deformation, holding significant research significance and practical value in various applications, including aerial gamma energy spectrum measurements, environmental radioactivity measurements, geological exploration, and mineral investigations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 112708"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143678190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of the low-energy backscattering spectrum on the calibration of thin alpha-particle sources","authors":"M. Jurado Vargas ,&nbsp;A. Fernández Timón","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112715","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112715","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The activity of thin alpha-particle sources with negligible self-absorption can be absolutely determined using 2π counting geometry systems, correcting for backscattering from the source backing. This procedure requires to perform an extrapolation to zero energy in the experimental counting rate, due to the existence of events produced by recoiling daughters and electronic noise in the low-energy region. In addition, the Monte Carlo simulation has proven that the energy distribution of the backscattered alpha particles is not flat, showing a ‘‘peak” at the low-energy region which is due to multiple scattering in the backing. In this work, we demonstrate that a significant part of the backscattered particles included in this “peak” are not contained in the extrapolated counting rate, which implies an underestimation of the source activity if the total backscattering coefficient is considered. We applied MC simulation with the well-known code SRIM to evaluate this underestimation depending on the energy of alpha emitters and on the backing. Our results show that the underestimation in the activity can be even close to 1 % in the case of backings with high atomic numbers, which can be considered as significative in metrological measurements for the standardization of alpha-particle sources. In addition, a new procedure is proposed here to correct for this effect, which includes only the simulation of alpha particles in the source backing, without attending to the source substrate. This new procedure is finally applied to some sources from the literature, where the backscattering coefficients were obtained experimentally, providing satisfactory results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 112715"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143675574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A pioneering study of natural radioactivity in sand from Char lands along the Padma river near the Rooppur nuclear power plant of Bangladesh: Implications for public health","authors":"M.M. Mahfuz Siraz ,&nbsp;Wayez Bin Zahid ,&nbsp;Afroza Shelley ,&nbsp;Araf Mahmud ,&nbsp;Mohammad Shafiqul Alam ,&nbsp;Nazneen Sultana ,&nbsp;Md. Bazlar Rashid ,&nbsp;Mayeen Uddin Khandaker ,&nbsp;Shams A.M. Issa ,&nbsp;Hamid Osman ,&nbsp;Selina Yeasmin","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112714","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112714","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the first detailed assessment of radioactivity in 36 sand samples from four charlands along the Padma River near the Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant (RNPP) in Bangladesh. The activity concentrations ranged from 13 to 132, 17–132, 220–640 Bq/kg for ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, and ⁴⁰K, respectively with some ²²⁶Ra and most ²³²Th values exceeding global average levels. The elevated ²³²Th levels are primarily attributed to the region's geological composition, the natural presence of heavy minerals, the redistribution of radioactive materials via sediment transport, and local geochemical conditions. Although a few outdoor absorbed dose rates exceeded global averages, most radiological hazard indicators were within safe limits. Except for one sample with elevated values, the sand samples generally pose no significant radiological risk to the local community or environment. This dataset provides a valuable foundation for monitoring environmental radioactivity and supporting the effective management and regulation of nuclear power plant activities in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 112714"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143678187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of gold nanoparticles coated with various surface-coatings on radiosensitization of melanoma","authors":"Pengcheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Boyi Yu ,&nbsp;Weiqiang Chen ,&nbsp;Qiang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112716","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112716","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the radiosensitizing effects of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with various surface-coatings under X-ray irradiation through in vitro and in vivo condition to optimize surface-coating selection for enhanced radiosensitization. Citrate-coated AuNPs (cAuNPs), glutathione-coated AuNPs (gAuNPs).11-mercapto-undecanoic acid-coated AuNPs (mAuNPs), thiopronin-coated AuNPs (tAuNPs), 1-thio-b-D-Glucose tetraacetic acid-coated AuNPs (tgAuNPs) and polyethylene glycol-coated AuNPs (pAuNPs) with the same 15-nm gold core, were synthesized. In vitro experimental data on detection of hydroxyl radicals in aqueous solution and cellular uptake excluded tAuNPs, tgAuNPs, and pAuNPs from further cellular experiments. At a fixed cellular uptake of cAuNPs, gAuNPs, and mAuNPs of approximately two pg/cell in melanoma cells, gAuNPs showed the most obvious radiosensitization with a sensitizer sensitization ratio of 1.30 based on the clonogenic survival assay. In vivo experiments demonstrated that these three AuNPs significantly inhibited tumor growth and extended the survival of tumor-bearing mice. Further investigations revealed that AuNPs significantly elevated apoptosis in mouse tumor tissues, overexpressed BAX, and Caspase-3, and down-regulated Bcl2 proteins. The findings indicate that AuNPs enhanced tumor cell apoptosis through the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway when combined with radiation, highlighting their significant role in radiosensitization. Therefore, the type of AuNP surface-coating affected its radiosensitizing ability and these AuNPs are beneficial for the radiotherapy of melanoma.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 112716"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143675585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between occupational exposure of laboratory technicians to ionizing radiation and impact on blood biomarkers","authors":"Vaneeza Rahim ,&nbsp;Noor Ul Haq ,&nbsp;Afrasiab Khan Tareen ,&nbsp;Imrana Niaz Sultan ,&nbsp;Sanam Zeib Khan ,&nbsp;Muhammad Waseem Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112713","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112713","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diagnostic X-rays are the predominant artificial source of radiation exposure. While diagnostic X-rays offer significant benefits, the associated danger of harmful health effects is not well acknowledged. The exposure of general public is occasional and only prescription base. Nonetheless, X-ray machine operators have everyday exposure.</div><div>This case-control study aimed to assess the effect of X-rays on all haematological parameters in the laboratory technicians. The study comprised 200 healthy X-ray machine operators and their demographically matched controls. Blood samples were obtained for the evaluation of haematological parameters. Demographic information and data about effect modifiers, mediators and potential confounding variables were gathered using a standardized questionnaire. A statistically significant difference in the white blood cells (WBC) (7.39 Vs. 8.08; <em>p</em> = 0.005), granulocytes (4.30 Vs. 4.94; <em>p</em> = 0.004), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (86.6 Vs. 87.1; <em>p</em> = 0.042), mean platelet volume (MPV) (9.72 Vs. 9.61; <em>p</em> = 0.029), and plateletcrit (PCT) (0.26 Vs. 0.24; <em>p</em> = 0.006) was observed where the WBC, granulocytes and MCV count was decreased and the levels of MPV and plateletcrit increased in the exposed workers. The dose-response analysis indicated statistically significant difference for MPV (9.70 for the exposed group versus 9.44 for controls; <em>p</em> = 0.047) and plateletcrit (0.26 for the exposed group versus 0.23 for controls; <em>p</em> = 0.010) for exposure durations exceeding two years. Additionally, within the age category of 35 years and older, significant differences were noted in lymphocyte counts (1.82 versus 2.53; <em>p</em> = 0.040), platelet counts (274.2 versus 270.0; <em>p</em> = 0.009), and plateletcrit (0.26 versus 0.21; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Chronic exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation has impacted haematological parameters in the laboratory technicians, despite the use of personal protective equipment. The study findings will be valuable for policy makers to prioritize occupational safety measures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 112713"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143675575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the performance of the Quantulus GCT 6220 and the Quantulus 1220 for the determination of 55Fe and 63Ni","authors":"J.L. García-León ,&nbsp;M. García-León ,&nbsp;G. Manjón","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112704","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112704","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An experimental study of the response of the newer Quantulus GTC 6220 liquid scintillation spectrometer has been conducted with the objective of determining the performance of this counter for the determination of ⁵⁵Fe and ⁶³Ni in the environment. Its response has been compared to that of the well-established Quantulus 1220. For this, Guard Compensation Technology (GCT) was used to reduce the Lower Limit of Detection (LLD in what follows). Two scintillation cocktails, Hidex ProSafe HC+ and Revvity OptiPhase HiSafe 3 were compared in this work. The parameters employed for this assessment were background count rate, counting efficiency, and LLD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 112704"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143675576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nuclide identification of radioactive sources from gamma spectra using artificial neural networks","authors":"N.P. Barradas ,&nbsp;A. Vieira ,&nbsp;M. Felizardo ,&nbsp;M. Matos","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gamma spectroscopy is commonly used to identify the radionuclides present in samples or materials, by using the existing knowledge on the gamma ray energies and intensities for each radionuclide. However, when dealing with samples where the composition, internal configuration and shielding materials are unknown, as is the case, for instance, in nuclear security applications, the task can become challenging. Furthermore, gamma detection systems in field applications often do not have the high resolution typical of controlled laboratory conditions. In this work, we apply artificial intelligence techniques for automated identification of radioactive sources from gamma spectra obtained with a LaBr₃(Ce) detector with 3.6 % resolution at 662 keV. Combinations of up to 10 sources in each spectrum were used to train and test the artificial neural network developed. We report on the results, which show effective nuclide identification of radioactive sources from gamma spectra using ANNs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 112692"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143627984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calculation of Gamma-Ray buildup factors up to 100 MFP by the Monte Carlo method","authors":"Pei Sun ,&nbsp;Liang Xing ,&nbsp;Longtao Yin ,&nbsp;Jianye Huang ,&nbsp;Bin Zhong ,&nbsp;Huayun Shen ,&nbsp;Yangjun Ying","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112696","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112696","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The point-kernel method is an analytical calculation method used to evaluate gamma-ray radiation fields and is widely applied in the fields of radiation protection and shielding design. The buildup factor is a critical parameter in determining the accuracy of the point-kernel method. However, the standard buildup factor datasets are constrained by limited range and insufficient consideration of certain physical processes, which restricts the application of the point-kernel method. This study aims to calculate buildup factors up to 100 MFP based on detailed physical models and advanced variance reduction techniques. Extensive statistical checks are conducted to ensure that the results are strictly unbiased. Additionally, the impacts of physical models, geometric configurations, and dose types on buildup factors are further evaluated. When the detailed physical model is considered, the BUF shows a maximum increase of 523 times compared to the standard data, making the standard database no longer conservative. In the low-energy region of highly scattering medium, the impacts of geometric configurations and dose types on BUF are observed to reach up to 80 %∼90 %. Finally, the origins of conservatism in the point-kernel method are discussed. Validation and testing are conducted using a typical model on the data which exhibited significant differences from the standard dataset. The results indicated that the new data surpassed the standard dataset in both conservatism and accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 112696"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143675644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}