Radiation Physics and Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Ab initio study of XANES spectra of sulfur in Janus In2SSe and In2STe monolayers","authors":"Reihan Nejatipour","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>By means of the many-body perturbation methods and in a comparative manner, the present study deals with the effects of electron-hole coupling, i.e., the excitonic effects, in the core absorption spectrum of sulfur atom in Janus In₂SSe and In₂STe and pristine In₂S₂ monolayers. Due to the semiconducting property of the studied compounds, these effects at both 1s and 2p edges spectra of sulfur atom are considerable, and the obtained spectra are different from those of the one-particle approximation, as in addition to the change in the spectral dispersion, the spectral maxima were reproduced at the lower energies. Therefore, the excitonic effects play a main role in reproducing more accurate core spectra of the studied Janus materials. Janus monolayers show direct excitonic ground states along the Γ in Brillouin zone, whereas in the pristine monolayer, In₂S₂, the lowest-energy exciton lies along the M point, consistent with its indirect band gap. The first degenerated unoccupied bands are mostly responsible for the electronic transitions. The K edge spectrum of sulfur atom is mostly due to the electron transitions to the p orbitals of this atom at the unoccupied levels above the Fermi level. The onsets of L_2,3 edges contain the spectral features resulted from the electron transition to the indium s states hybridized with chalcogen p and indium d states.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 113357"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and fabrication of novel Ti1-xZnxO2 thin films-based devices for improved ammonia gas sensor applications","authors":"B. Prakash ,&nbsp;A. Anto Jeffery ,&nbsp;A. Vimala Juliet ,&nbsp;Farhat S. Khan ,&nbsp;Mohd Taukeer Khan ,&nbsp;I.M. Ashraf ,&nbsp;Mohd Shkir","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, Ti_1-xZn_xO₂ thin films were developed using nebulizer assisted spray pyrolysis technique by altering the Zn concentration 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 wt%. The prepared gas sensors were characterised by various techniques to understand their structural, surface morphological, elemental, optical, and gas sensing properties. The crystalline structure of the synthesized thin films was found to be a tetragonal crystal system and an increasing trend on crystallite size with the rise of Zn concentration from 0 to 3 wt%. The surface morphology was studied by FESEM, and it was found that the film with x = 3 wt% Zn possessed a uniform morphology. The optical band gap of the Ti_1-xZn_xO₂ thin films decreased to 3.44 eV–3.34 eV with the introduction of Zn in the host matrix. At 3 wt% of Zn, thin film of Ti_1-xZn_xO₂ exhibited higher photoluminescence peaks which occurred due to oxygen defect sites created in the TiO₂ host. The significant gas detection characteristics such as gas response over ammonia detection and faster gas rise/fall time were observed as 1590, 7.8/10s, respectively for Ti_1-xZn_xO₂ thin film developed at 3 wt% of Zn. These results demonstrate that at 3 wt% Zn, the Ti_1-xZn_xO₂ film-based sensor could serve as an effective and low-cost alternative to conventional gas sensors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 113355"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145261858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Fe2O3 on the radiation shielding efficiency of B2O3-SiO2-Li2O glasses","authors":"T. Şahmaran ,&nbsp;N. Yavuzkanat","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the radiation shielding capabilities of glass systems made of 8B₂O₃-(88-x)SiO₂-4Li₂O-xFe₂O₃ (with x varying from 0 to 30 wt%) using computational programs and GATE Monte Carlo simulations. According to the results, glass compositions containing 30 wt% Fe₂O₃ exhibit better radiation shielding properties than other ratios. Particularly, these compositions show improved radiation attenuation with lower Energy Absorption Buildup Factor (EABF), Exposure Buildup Factor (EBF), and Half Value Layer (HVL) values. Furthermore, they show higher mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) and linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) values, suggesting increased effectiveness in absorbing radiation per unit mass or thickness. Additionally, the glass with 30 wt% Fe₂O₃ displays a higher effective removal cross-section value, strengthening its potential as an absorbent material for both gamma and neutron radiation shielding. These results indicate the potential use of glass systems modified with Fe₂O₃ in radiation shielding technology. Moreover, molecular dynamics simulations were performed to determine distinct melting onset temperatures: 665–1760 K for Fe-free and 1024–1846 K for Fe-containing materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 113354"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145261810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of a radioluminescence dosimetry system with photon energy discrimination capability for area monitoring","authors":"F. Moradi ,&nbsp;D.A. Bradley ,&nbsp;H.T. Zubair ,&nbsp;A. Khodaei ,&nbsp;H.A. Abdul-Rashid","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113346","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113346","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Area monitoring, including environmental and workplace radiation surveillance, is essential in settings with significant radiation exposure such as nuclear reactors, accelerator facilities, contaminated waste sites, and NORM-affected zones in the oil and gas industry. Photon energies in these environments typically range from 20 to 30 keV to several MeV, requiring dosimetry systems whose response accounts for energy dependence. This study explores the feasibility of using a real-time radioluminescence (RL) fiber dosimetry system designed to correct for energy-dependent detector response via photon energy discrimination. The system comprises multiple RL sensors with varying filtration layers, each coupled to transmission fibers. The primary scintillator is a 2 cm long, 1 mm diameter cerium-doped silica fiber, selected for its high sensitivity and well-characterized energy-dependent behavior. Monte Carlo simulations using the TOPAS/Geant4 tool were conducted to model the RL sensors and design filter combinations for energy correction, following ISO 4037 recommendations. The Low Air Kerma Rate Series was used as the reference photon spectra, and dosimeter responses were evaluated relative to the ¹³⁷Cs reference energy. Simulation results indicate that an optimized combination of filtered RL elements achieves reliable energy discrimination over the range of 10 keV to 1.5 MeV, with effective response correction for photon energies above 80 keV, thereby improving the accuracy of the calculation of ambient dose equivalent, H∗(10). These findings highlight the system's potential to provide accurate real-time dose assessment in workplace and environmental monitoring applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 113346"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence in non-medical and non-nuclear power applications of nuclear radiation: A review","authors":"Khalil Moshkbar-Bakhshayesh","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113352","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Artificial Intelligence (AI) and soft computing (SC) have transformed various fields, including nuclear radiation applications. These applications encompass a wide array of challenges, such as material discrimination in dual-energy X-ray radiography, neutron–gamma discrimination, automating complex tasks in particle accelerators, neutron spectrum unfolding, security applications, the imaging of dense structures using cosmic-ray muons, etc. Traditional techniques often face limitations in these areas due to high complexity, data variability, and the need for real-time processing. AI/SC techniques, including artificial neural networks (ANN), fuzzy systems (FS), and evolutionary algorithms (EA), offer novel approaches to overcome these challenges. Dual-energy X-ray radiography, for instance, utilizes modular neural networks to discriminate between different materials and their thicknesses quantitatively. Unlike traditional techniques, this approach ensures higher precision and adaptability. Similarly, in neutron–gamma discrimination, supervised learning methods such as multilayer perceptron (MLP) and clustering techniques like K-means improve the separation accuracy. Neutron spectrum unfolding, an essential process for extracting energy spectra from detectors, is another area where AI/SC demonstrates its strengths. The use of AI in encoding radiation signals and constructing energy spectra further expands its scope. Despite these advancements, challenges persist, particularly the dependency on extensive, high-quality datasets for training AI models, the computational demands of deep learning techniques, and the black-box nature of many AI algorithms that limit interpretability. Addressing these challenges requires collaborative efforts to create open-access datasets, develop transparent and interpretable algorithms, and optimize computational frameworks for real-time applications. In conclusion, integrating AI and SC into applications of nuclear radiation has paved the way for significant advancements in the future, enabling solutions to complex and traditionally unsolvable problems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 113352"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep learning-based radioisotope quantification for extreme environments","authors":"Minhwan Park ,&nbsp;Chanho Kim ,&nbsp;Junseong Hwang ,&nbsp;Jung-Yeol Yeom","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gamma-ray spectroscopy is a crucial technique for identifying and quantifying radioisotopes, but its reliability is severely compromised in extreme environments such as high temperatures and intense radiation. Traditional analysis methods, which depend on stable reference spectra and post-acquisition corrections, struggle to address the complex and non-linear spectral distortions arising from these conditions. This study introduces a deep learning-based system designed to offer a more robust and direct analytical approach. We developed a solution combining a ruggedized gamma-ray detector with a 2D convolutional neural network (CNN) that estimates radioisotope proportions directly from raw, distorted spectra. The proposed system demonstrated exceptional generalization and robustness. Trained on a sparse subset of data (¹³⁷Cs, ⁶⁰Co, ²²Na, ¹³³Ba, and ¹⁵²Eu) at varying temperatures (25–150 °C) and with a Ce:GPS scintillator exhibiting radiation-induced degradation (0–1.67 MGy), the model accurately estimated isotope proportions even under untrained conditions. It achieved low mean absolute error (MAE) values for both untrained temperatures (1.82 % at 75 °C and 125 °C) and untrained post-irradiation conditions, achieving an average MAE of 1.86 % across the untrained dose steps (with a localized increase for ¹⁵²Eu at dose step 2). These results validate the system's ability to operate effectively without requiring specific environmental information or calibration adjustments, showcasing a significant advantage over conventional methods. This work represents a significant advancement in gamma-ray spectroscopy by providing a reliable solution for isotope quantification in challenging, high-stress environments. The system's strong generalization capabilities pave the way for practical applications in nuclear accident monitoring, radioactive waste management, and other fields where traditional methods face significant limitations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 113345"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of the responses of EBT-XD and EBT4 films to ultra-high dose rate proton beams","authors":"Hiroshi Yasuda ,&nbsp;Toshiyuki Toshito ,&nbsp;Masumi Umezawa ,&nbsp;Masashi Yamada ,&nbsp;Kenichiro Tanaka ,&nbsp;Chihiro Omachi ,&nbsp;Katsunori Yogo ,&nbsp;Hassna Bantan ,&nbsp;Takeo Nakashima","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113349","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Commercial radiochromic films, more specifically EBT-model Gafchromic films (EBT films), have the potential for two-dimensional profile measurements of ultra-high dose-rate (UHDR) radiation beams designed for FLASH radiotherapy. However, there is a controversy in regard to the dose-rate dependency of EBT-film responses to UHDR protons. In this study, we irradiated two types of currently available EBT films, EBT-XD and EBT4, to spread-out brag peak proton beams at 9 Gy at 180 Gy s⁻¹ and 720 Gy s⁻¹ in parallel and vertical beam incidences. The irradiated films were scanned with a flatbed scanner, and the inverted red color intensities were converted to absorbed doses based on the dose response curves of the red color component measured with LINAC 6 MV X-rays. The obtained dose levels were 5–15 % lower than the delivered doses, indicating the quenching effects along the tracks of high-LET charged particles. The depth dose profile obtained with the EBT-XD film at 720 Gy s⁻¹ was notably higher than that at 180 Gy s⁻¹, whereas such a difference was not observed with EBT4. The enhanced response of the EBT-XD film was confirmed by the sectional beam profiles obtained using vertically incident beams. These results imply that radiochromic reactions in EBT-XD film can be enhanced at the center of a Gaussian-shaped proton beam under certain UHDR conditions. Further studies are necessary to clarify the mechanism underlying the change in the responses of EBT films to UHDR protons.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 113349"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proton beam monitoring through water scintillation in radiobiology experiments","authors":"Flavien Ralite ,&nbsp;M. Evin ,&nbsp;Charbel Koumeir ,&nbsp;Arnaud Guertin ,&nbsp;Ferid Haddad ,&nbsp;Quentin Mouchard ,&nbsp;Noel Servagent ,&nbsp;Vincent Metivier","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113353","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113353","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-invasive methods based on the detection of secondary particles generated in the irradiated medium are being investigated to monitor ion beams without disturbing the beam. This study investigates the use of water scintillation as a beam monitoring tool, taking into account the challenges posed by the radiobiology experiment constraints. An experimental setup has been designed to measure the depth deposited energy profile produced by protons of (67.5 ± 0.4) MeV entering a water tank, through the water scintillation detected with a photomultiplier. The beam current during the experiment was around 100 pA, and beam intensity fluctuations were monitored using a parallel plate ionization chamber and a Faraday cup. The experiment was repeated with a second ionization chamber as a reference detector placed inside the water tank, and simulated with the GATE Monte Carlo code. The position of the Bragg peak, measured with the water scintillation, shows significant agreement (deviation of 0.5 mm) with the positions obtained from the ionization chamber and the Monte Carlo simulation within a submillimeter uncertainty. The ionization quenching effect was also observed and corrected using the Birks and Chou models. A new value of the key parameter for these models (k <span><math><mrow><mo>·</mo></mrow></math></span> B = (8.0 ± 4.0) × 10⁻³ g/MeV.cm²) has been determined for water, which is in good agreement with the data available in the literature for organic scintillators. This study demonstrated the feasibility of using water scintillation measured with a collimated photomultiplier as a tool for monitoring the depth deposited energy profile in water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 113353"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"P-TReCK: A Monte Carlo software for real-time gamma-ray detector simulation and spectral analysis","authors":"Frederick C. Hila ,&nbsp;Alvie A. Astronomo ,&nbsp;Charlotte V. Balderas ,&nbsp;Neil Raymund D. Guillermo ,&nbsp;Alberto V. Amorsolo Jr. ,&nbsp;Candy C. Mercado","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113347","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113347","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents P-TReCK (Photon Transport and Response Characterization Kit), a Windows-based Monte Carlo simulation software (available at <span><span>https://gammaraysim.coe.upd.edu.ph/ptreck/</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>) for simulating gamma-ray detector spectra with integrated real-time peak analysis. Currently focused on basic cylindrical detector geometries and supporting point and disk source configurations, P-TReCK is well suited for scintillation detectors such as NaI(Tl) and LaBr₃(Ce). It is built on the .NET Framework and utilizes the EPICS2023 photoatomic data library. The software employs a vectorized Monte Carlo approach to model photon interactions, including photoelectric absorption, Compton scattering, and pair production, and features an intuitive graphical user interface supporting spectral analysis, dose quantification, and visualization. Because P-TReCK employs a streamlined adjustable two-cell cylindrical detector geometry, it achieves substantial computational speedups. Qualitative spectra comparisons with MCNP5, PHITS, and DETMATS show good agreement in NaI(Tl) and LaBr₃(Ce) responses from 200 to 2500 keV, accurately reproducing key features. Quantitatively, full-energy peak efficiencies match MCNP5 within 0.6 % at 200 keV and 0.02 % at 600 keV for a 3” × 3″ NaI(Tl) detector, agree well with PHITS, and align closely with literature values. Overestimations reach 7.7 % at 1500 keV for the smallest 1.5” × 1.5” NaI(Tl) detector due to unmodeled bremsstrahlung, though this effect is minor below 1.5 MeV and especially with larger crystal sizes. By efficiently processing photons through its streamlined two-cell cylindrical transport model, P-TReCK provides a fast and accessible tool for calibration, virtual experiments, and education.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 113347"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HHXRF, Raman and imaging techniques applied to the materials characterization of three Thomas Gainsborough's paintings","authors":"Letícia M. Birelo ,&nbsp;Carlos R. Appoloni ,&nbsp;Rafael Molari ,&nbsp;Elizabeth A. Kajiya ,&nbsp;Márcia de A. Rizzutto","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the spectroscopic and imaging characterization of three paintings by Thomas Gainsborough: <em>Drinkstone Park</em> (1747), <em>Lady Bolton</em> (1770), and <em>Francis Rawdon</em> (1783–1784). Recent handheld X-ray fluorescence (HHXRF) and Raman spectroscopy analyses were conducted to update previous findings. Measurements targeted original areas, color tonalities, and potential restorations. Additionally, a complete imaging survey (visible, ultraviolet fluorescence, raking light, infrared reflectography, and radiography) was performed to reveal underdrawings, craquelure patterns, and restoration. The HHXRF and Raman results identified a consistent palette composed of traditional pigments such as Lead White, Yellow Ochre, Naples Yellow, Prussian Blue, Sienna, Umber, Bone Black, and Vermilion. Zinc White was detected in flesh-tone regions, while restoration areas showed the use of Viridian, Chrome Yellow, and Cobalt Blue. Raman analysis was occasionally limited by thick varnish layers. Imaging revealed overpainted areas, alterations in composition, and differences in pigment layer density. Environmental contaminants, such as chlorine, cobalt, and copper, were also detected. The combined spectroscopic and imaging approach enabled a deeper understanding of Gainsborough's materials, techniques, and conservation history, supporting more informed preservation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 113344"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}