{"title":"Displacement Damage Equivalence in SiGe HBTs: Is the NIEL Method Applicable?","authors":"Huimin Geng, Fengkai Liu, Jianqun Yang, Zhongli Liu, Wenzhu Shao, Xingji Li","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.114525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.114525","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the effects of heavy ion irradiation on silicon-germanium heterojunction bipolar transistors (SiGe HBTs), with a focus on analyzing the equivalence of displacement damage induced by different heavy ions in the devices. We conducted irradiation experiments using silicon, chlorine and oxygen ions with different energies. By calculating the linear energy transfer (LET) and non-ionizing energy loss (NIEL), the ionization and displacement damage capabilities of various incident ions were determined. Subsequently, we normalized the effects of heavy ion irradiation by examining the excess base current (Δ<ce:italic>I</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">B</ce:inf>) under both forward and inverse operation modes. The results demonstrate that, based on the NIEL method, the inverse Δ<ce:italic>I</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">B</ce:inf> can serve as a reliable metric for normalizing the impact across varying ions. This study reveals that the forward Δ(1/<ce:italic>β</ce:italic>) normalization metric commonly used in conventional bipolar devices has application limitations in SiGe HBTs, and innovatively proposes the inverse Δ<ce:italic>I</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">B</ce:inf> as an evaluation metric, which can achieve better normalization. This provides guidance for the research on radiation damage equivalence in SiGe HBTs.","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"118 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149085286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A systematic approach to Covariance matrix formulation in charged particle activation experiments","authors":"Tanmoy Bar","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.114514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.114514","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a detailed covariance and correlation matrix analysis for experimentally measured cross sections obtained using the activation technique. Both statistical and systematic contributions to the covariance matrix were explicitly calculated using sensitivity coefficients. The detector efficiency was determined by refitting standard source data with an exponential function, and the associated covariance matrix of the fitted parameters was propagated to estimate the uncertainty in efficiency at the relevant <mml:math altimg=\"si160.svg\" display=\"inline\"><mml:mi>γ</mml:mi></mml:math>-ray energy. The cross sections and the corresponding experimental parameters, such as beam flux, target thickness, <mml:math altimg=\"si160.svg\" display=\"inline\"><mml:mi>γ</mml:mi></mml:math>-ray intensity, and decay corrections, were taken from previously published measurements and are used here for the purpose of illustrating the covariance formalism. The resulting covariance and correlation matrices provide a comprehensive representation of uncertainties and their interdependencies. This formalism demonstrates the importance of including correlated uncertainties for reliable interpretation and comparison of experimental cross section data.","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"402 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149085032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Kaewjaeng, O. Ornketphon, S. Kantama, C. Mutuwong, P. Meejitpaisan, M. Thongkam, T. Chusin, R. Boonsuth, P. Limsuwan, H.J. Kim, J. Kaewkhao
{"title":"Gd2O3 added in oxyfluorophosphate glass for medical applications: Physical, optical, radiation shielding and magnetic resonance signal behaviors","authors":"S. Kaewjaeng, O. Ornketphon, S. Kantama, C. Mutuwong, P. Meejitpaisan, M. Thongkam, T. Chusin, R. Boonsuth, P. Limsuwan, H.J. Kim, J. Kaewkhao","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.114522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.114522","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, physical, optical, radiation shielding and magnetic resonance signal properties of (65-x)P<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">5</ce:inf>: 15NaF: 5ZnF<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>: 15AlF<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>: xGd<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf><ce:bold>,</ce:bold> where x = 0, 3, 9, 15% mol were investigated. Glasses were fabricated by melt-quenching technique. The density of glass samples was determined using Archimedes’ method, indicating that density increases with higher concentrations of gadolinium oxide (Gd<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>). Molar volumes also show an upward trend as the concentration of Gd<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> increases. Glass exhibits colorless behavior and shows lower percentage of transmission in 300–500 nm range and demonstrates comparable percentage transmission between 500 and 900 nm relative to both commercial windows and standard X-ray shielding windows.","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149085051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jamila S. Alzahrani, S.S. Owoeye, Norah Alomayrah, M.S. Al-Buriahi
{"title":"Synthesis and radiation shielding properties of HG-Na2O-K2O-SrO-BaO-Er2O3 glasses (where, HG= B2O3; TeO2 and P2O5)","authors":"Jamila S. Alzahrani, S.S. Owoeye, Norah Alomayrah, M.S. Al-Buriahi","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.114519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.114519","url":null,"abstract":"Development of efficient shielding materials against harmful radiation is now of significant interests owing to increased use of radiation in several fields by humans. Consequently, this present study fabricated three Er<ce:sup loc=\"post\">3+</ce:sup>ions-modified HG-Na<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O-K<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O-SrO-BaO-Er<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> glasses (where, HG= B<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>; TeO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> and P<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">5</ce:inf>) whilst comparative investigation of their physical and gamma/neutron shielding characteristics are evaluated. The glasses were synthesized according to the following chemical equation: 64X – 5Na<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O – 5K<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O – 10SrO – 15BaO – 1Er<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> mol. %, where x: B<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>; TeO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> and P<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">5</ce:inf> by melt-quenching technique. The results revealed TeO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>-based glass has better density of 4.976 gcm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-3</ce:sup> compared to 2.958 and 3.126 gcm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-3</ce:sup> for P<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">5</ce:inf>- and B<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>-based glasses respectively. B<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>-based glass displayed better neutron shielding value of 0.0970 cm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-1</ce:sup> followed byTeO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>- (0.0941 cm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-1</ce:sup>) and P<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">5</ce:inf>- (0.0872 cm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-1</ce:sup>). The MACs ranged from 0.0264-18.8787 cm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup>g<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-1</ce:sup> for P<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">5</ce:inf>-; 0.0276-22.8064 cm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup>g<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-1</ce:sup> for B<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> and 0.0379-41.8888 cm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup>g<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-1</ce:sup> for TeO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>-based glasses. TeO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>-based glass showed LAC values between 0.1886-208.4386 cm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-1</ce:sup> while both P<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">5</ce:inf>- and B<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> glasses exhibited values within 0.0780-55.8431 and 0.0862-71.2929 cm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-1</ce:sup> respectively. TeO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>- also showed better MFP values within 0.0048-5.3028 cm compared to 0.0179-12.817 and 0.01403-11.5957 cm for P<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">5</ce:inf>- and B<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>- glasses. TeO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>- showed the least HVL values within 0.0033-","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149085033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Allison, A.V. Bagulya, D. Bernard, V.N. Ivanchenko, I. Semeniouk
{"title":"Positron annihilation into two or three gammas in Geant4","authors":"J. Allison, A.V. Bagulya, D. Bernard, V.N. Ivanchenko, I. Semeniouk","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.114505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.114505","url":null,"abstract":"New models describing processes of positron annihilation into two and three gamma have been introduced into the Geant4 toolkit. A high energy extension of the annihilation of relativistic positrons with electrons in media takes into account first order radiative corrections. Annihilation at rest considers the creation and decay of ortho- and para-positronium states. The correlation of polarisation of emitted gammas is simulated and a method of sampling quantum correlations in positron annihilation to gamma-gamma is developed for the first time. Recommendations for the use of these models are provided, and the effect on simulation results is discussed.","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149085037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Yabsantia, N. Wantana, S. Kaewjaeng, Y. Ruangtaweep, P. Pakawanit, C. Phoovasawat, S. Kothan, P. Limsuwan, H.J. Kim, F. Khrongchaiyaphum, T. Keawmon, P. Wasuworawong, E. Kaewnuam, J. Kaewkhao
{"title":"Preliminary study of CeF3 concentration-dependent luminescence and synchrotron X-ray imaging of La2O3–ZnO borophosphate glasses","authors":"S. Yabsantia, N. Wantana, S. Kaewjaeng, Y. Ruangtaweep, P. Pakawanit, C. Phoovasawat, S. Kothan, P. Limsuwan, H.J. Kim, F. Khrongchaiyaphum, T. Keawmon, P. Wasuworawong, E. Kaewnuam, J. Kaewkhao","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.114511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.114511","url":null,"abstract":"Ce<ce:sup loc=\"post\">3+</ce:sup>-activated borophosphate glasses have attracted interest as luminescence materials for synchrotron X-ray imaging because their optical and emission properties can be tailored through compositional control. This preliminary study aimed to characterize the CeF₃ concentration-dependent luminescence of La<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>–ZnO borophosphate glasses and to evaluate the feasibility of synchrotron X-ray image formation. Glasses with compositions of 10La<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>–20ZnO–5B<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>–(65−x)P<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">5</ce:inf>–xCeF<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> (x = 0.00–1.00 mol%) were prepared by conventional melt-quenching method. The effects of CeF<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> concentration on the physical, structural, optical, luminescence, photon attenuation, and imaging properties were investigated using density and refractive index measurements, X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL), radioluminescence (RL), PL decay analysis, theoretical mass attenuation coefficient calculations, and synchrotron X-ray imaging. All glasses were amorphous and transparent in the visible region, and their density increased with CeF<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> content. The glass containing 0.10 mol% CeF<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> showed the highest PL and RL intensities; higher concentrations reduced the emission intensity, consistent with concentration quenching. The luminescence spectra exhibited a broad near-ultraviolet band attributed to the allowed 5d→4f transitions of Ce<ce:sup loc=\"post\">3+</ce:sup>. The 0.10 mol% CeF<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> glass showed an intensity-weighted average PL lifetime of 24.76 ns under pulsed optical excitation, consistent with the fast 5d→4f emission of Ce<ce:sup loc=\"post\">3+</ce:sup>; this value characterizes the PL decay and should not be interpreted as a scintillation timing parameter. The calculated mass attenuation coefficients varied slightly over 0.001–1 MeV, indicating that CeF<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> incorporation had minimal influence on photon attenuation. Under 11.5 keV monochromatic synchrotron X-rays, the imaging configuration employing the 0.10 mol% CeF<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> glass achieved an MTF-derived spatial resolution of 44.43 lp/mm at MTF = 0.2. Successful image formation provides preliminary evidence supporting further investigation of this glass for X-ray imaging, although practical application requires further validation.","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149085052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Irradiation of pharmaceuticals: A literature review update and appraisal","authors":"Geoffrey P. Jacobs","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.114483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.114483","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"41 1","pages":"114483"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149020973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nguyen Duy Quang,Phan Bao Quoc Hieu,Truong Phuong Dung,Tuong Thi Thu Huong,Tran Hai Nam,Trinh Van Cuong,Phan Quoc Vuong,Pham Ngoc Son
{"title":"Enhanced Neutron Detection and First Identification of Chlorine Recoil Signals in LaCl3 via Deep Learning","authors":"Nguyen Duy Quang,Phan Bao Quoc Hieu,Truong Phuong Dung,Tuong Thi Thu Huong,Tran Hai Nam,Trinh Van Cuong,Phan Quoc Vuong,Pham Ngoc Son","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.114504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.114504","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"399 1","pages":"114504"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149020969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Free radical reactions with hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol in aqueous media: insight into radical scavenging and antioxidant behaviour","authors":"Priyamdeep Kaur, Pratigya Kujur, Apurav Guleria, Madhab Chandra Rath","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.114449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2026.114449","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work, pulse radiolysis studies have been employed to investigate the reactivity of HTy and Ty toward a variety of reducing and oxidising free radicals, such as hydrated electron (<ce:math altimg=\"si1.svg\"></ce:math>), hydroxyl radical (<ce:math altimg=\"si2.svg\"></ce:math>) and azide radical (N<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf><ce:math altimg=\"si3.svg\"></ce:math>). A comparative approach was adopted to establish how the additional phenolic hydroxyl group in HTy modulates the radical-induced redox pathways relative to Ty. The transient absorption behaviour, formation/decay kinetics, and probable reaction channels provide direct insight into the initial steps governing their antioxidant action. Complementary antioxidant assays based on ABTS<ce:sup loc=\"post\">•+</ce:sup> and DPPH radicals further support the radiation-chemical observations and reveal remarkably stronger radical scavenging by HTy than by Ty. The superior reactivity of HTy is attributed to its catechol functionality, which favours rapid hydrogen atom/electron transfer and enhanced stabilization of the resulting phenoxyl-type intermediates, whereas the monophenolic Ty exhibits substantially weaker response. Overall, this study provides a fundamental kinetic and mechanistic basis for understanding the antioxidant behaviour of these olive phenolic compounds and highlights how subtle structural variation governs their redox efficiency against biologically relevant radical species.","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148883625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}