Radiation Physics and Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Radiolytic behavior and effect in nuclear reactor coolants: A focus on ammonia and hydrazine","authors":"Xiangyi Du ,&nbsp;Zifang Guo ,&nbsp;Yifan Li ,&nbsp;Zhiyi Wang ,&nbsp;Sinan Chen ,&nbsp;Linfeng Nong ,&nbsp;Jiawei Lu ,&nbsp;Mingzhang Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112615","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coolant selection is intricately linked to the design and type of the nuclear reactor. To mitigate the corrosion of structural materials, the water chemistry of the primary circuit must be carefully managed. Usually, substances such as hydrogen, ammonia, and hydrazine are employed in the reactor's primary coolant. Among these additives, ammonia and hydrazine, which are nitrogen-containing additives, undergo a series of radiolysis reactions in the reactor, and the oxidation environment of the system is altered. In this review, published studies on the radiolytic behavior of ammonia and hydrazine were summarized and analyzed. For ammonia coolants, the ·OH radicals produced by water radiolysis react rapidly with NH₃. The radiolysis product of ammonia, ·NH₂ reacted with oxidizing species such as H₂O₂, ·OH, and O₂. Under aerobic conditions, the radiolysis of ammonia solutions primarily led to the production of NO_x⁻. For hydrazine coolants, NH₃, H₂, and N₂ were formed by thermal decomposition and radiolysis. N₂H₄ directly inhibited the formation of H₂O₂ and nitrogen oxides due to its strong reducibility and ability to remove O₂, ·OH, and H₂O₂. As the irradiation continued, NH₃ was consumed and its concentration decreased, the pH of coolant tended to decrease with further increases in absorbed dose.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 112615"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143452740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymeric gamma rays shield promoted by ferrite nanoparticles synthesized with Ni and Zn cations","authors":"Mohammad Marashdeh ,&nbsp;Fawzy Hammad Sallam ,&nbsp;K.A. Mahmoud ,&nbsp;M. Rashad ,&nbsp;M.I. Sayyed ,&nbsp;Hanan Akhdar ,&nbsp;Mohamed Tharwat","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112617","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112617","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanocrystalline ferrite with spinel nickel and zinc cations has been prepared according to the formula Zn_xNi_{1- x}Fe₂O₄ where x = 0.1. After that, the synthesized Zn_0.1Ni_0.9Fe₂O₄ was inserted in a polystyrene polymer with concentrations of 0, 5, 10, and 15 wt% using melt-processing technique. The properties of the nanocomposites including structural, morphological, and thermal properties are attained using X-ray analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometry, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The elemental composition and existence of cations in the composite structure are verified also the crystal size of the nano-ferrite is equal to 28.18 nm. According to the chemical composition obtained by EDX spectroscopy the Ni increased in the fabricated composite samples between 0 and 2.3 wt%. The increase in Ni concentration is associated by an increase in the density of fabricated composites between 1.042 and 1.211 g/cm³, respectively. Then, the increase in the Ni concentrations within the fabricated composites enhances the radiation shielding properties of fabricated composites as proved by the Monte Carlo simulation over the energy interval of 15–244 keV. The increase in the Ni concentration between 0 and 2.3 wt% increase the linear attenuation coefficient of fabricated composites between 0.881 and 6.933 cm⁻¹ (at 15 keV), 0.184–0.330 cm⁻¹ (at 59.5 keV), and 0.120–0.140 cm⁻¹ (at 244 keV), respectively. The enhancement in the linear attenuation coefficient decreases the half value thickness of fabricated composites to 0.10, 2.10, and 4.94 cm at 15, 59.5, and 244 keV, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 112617"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143452742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental validation of absolute full energy peak efficiency and energy resolution of NaI(Tl), CsI(Tl), BGO, YAP(Ce) and CeBr3 scintillation detectors modeled with Monte Carlo codes","authors":"Issam Mouhti ,&nbsp;John Elton McFee ,&nbsp;Mohamed Drissi El-Bouzaidi ,&nbsp;J. El Qars ,&nbsp;El Houssaine Ouacha ,&nbsp;M'hand Assakrar ,&nbsp;Mohammed Bellioua","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112603","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112603","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gamma ray spectroscopy has been used extensively for advanced studies in nuclear medicine, industry, and scientific research. Progress in modern high speed computers has allowed the development of sophisticated Monte Carlo simulation codes which can accurately model the time and energy response of gamma spectroscopy detectors and estimate performance parameters. The purpose of this work is to study results from simulation of scintillation detectors for gamma spectroscopy applications. Simulations were performed for three state-of-the-art Monte Carlo transport programs, OpenMC, Geant4 and MCNPX. For each, a model accurately approximating the geometry, dimensions and materials corresponding to the scintillators in real gamma spectroscopy experiments was created. Simulations were run for five different types of inorganic scintillation detectors – NaI(Tl), CsI(Tl), BGO, YAP(Ce) and CeBr₃ - for a wide range of incident gamma ray energies from 32 keV to 1408 keV. The gamma rays chosen correspond to well-known energies from commonly available radionuclide calibration sources, namely ²⁴¹Am, ²²Na, ¹³³Ba, ¹⁵²Eu, ¹³⁷Cs and ⁶⁰Co. Common detector performance parameters were extracted for each simulation program, including absolute full energy peak efficiency and energy resolution. Estimates from simulations of the latter two parameters were compared to experimental data for several gamma sources under the same or very similar conditions, including varying source-to-detector distance to validate the simulation models and the performance of the different simulation codes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 112603"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143436938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bentonite-clay bricks reinforced with fuel fly ash: Structural and gamma attenuation characterization","authors":"K.A. Mahmoud ,&nbsp;Aljawhara H. Almuqrin ,&nbsp;Abd Allh M. Abd El-Hamid ,&nbsp;A.M. Abu El-Soad ,&nbsp;M.I. Sayyed","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112599","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112599","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A series of brick samples were fabricated for radiation shielding purposes as an Egyptian bentonite clay–fuel fly ash mixture from Saudi Arabia with various ratios. To determine the mineral distributions in the clay, the study utilized an X-ray diffraction spectrometer, which proves that the main minerals in the bentonite clay are quartz and montmorillonite mineral. Additionally, the study used energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy to show the morphology, grain size, and chemical composition for both clay and fly ash used in the brick fabrications. Moreover, the NaI(Tl) detector and Monte Carlo simulation methods were used for experimental measurements to estimate the prepared samples' radiation shielding characteristics. The study shows experimental–simulation method agreement, where the prepared brick samples' linear attenuation coefficient decreases over the interval of 0.1483 ± 0.004−0.0967 ± 0.003 cm⁻¹, 0.1172 ± 0.002−0.0775 ± 0.001 cm⁻¹, and 0.1102 ± 0.001−0.0729 ± 0.001 cm⁻¹ at the 0.662, 1.173, and 1.332 MeV γ-ray energies, respectively, with a 0 to 40 wt% fly ash concentration increase. A higher shielding capacity was noted for the thicker fabricated brick samples, which are thus applicable for radiation shielding purposes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 112599"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143452741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eco-friendly and low-dose radiation shielding material using natural waste cuttlebone and silicone rubber composite","authors":"Gunjanaporn Tochaikul ,&nbsp;Nuttapol Tanadchangsaeng ,&nbsp;Anuchan Panaksri ,&nbsp;Nutthapong Moonkum","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112604","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112604","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the development and evaluation of silicone/cuttlebone composites as eco-friendly alternatives to conventional radiation shielding materials. Designed with a uniform thickness of 3 mm, the composites offer a lightweight, non-toxic suitable solution for applications prioritizing environmental sustainability. Cuttlebone, a calcium carbonate-rich natural byproduct, was incorporated into silicone rubber at varying concentrations (0%, 12.5%, 25%, and 50% by weight) to examine its effect on radiation attenuation properties. The composites underwent thorough mixing, curing, and post-curing processes before being evaluated for their physical morphology, radiation shielding efficiency, and mechanical performance. Key parameters, including radiation absorption, linear attenuation coefficient, and half-value layer (HVL), were assessed under X-ray energies of 60, 90, and 120 kVp. At 120 kVp, the 50% CB composite achieved an absorption dose of 56.70%, a linear attenuation coefficient of 2.79 cm⁻¹, and a HVL of 0.25 cm. While lead (0.5 cm thickness) exhibited superior performance (99.91% absorption dose, 14.07 cm⁻¹ linear attenuation, and 0.05 cm HVL), the silicone/cuttlebone composite presents a sustainable alternative for applications requiring reduced toxicity and environmental impact. These findings emphasize its potential for diverse medical and industrial uses, with further research needed to enhance its shielding efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 112604"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation of Si–Er–O structures in Si by Ar-irradiation for harvesting light at the 4f intraband transition","authors":"S. Abedrabbo ,&nbsp;M.M. Zeidan ,&nbsp;A. Abdullah ,&nbsp;I.A. Qattan ,&nbsp;J. Hassan ,&nbsp;A.T. Fiory","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112607","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112607","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the pursuit of developing cost-effective optically active media for silicon-based infrared emitters, we employed a multi-step fabrication process to create silicon films doped with erbium (Er) and oxygen (O). The process involved physical vapor deposition (PVD) followed by ion beam surface modification (IBM) and oxygen incorporation that are facilitated by Ar⁺ and O²⁺ implantation, and thermal annealing techniques. The resulting silicon films, denoted as Si–Er–O, demonstrated efficient room-temperature emission, indicative of 4f transitions. Notably, the observed photoluminescence (PL) manifests Stark-split ⁴I_13/2 - ⁴I_15/2 transitions characteristic of Er³⁺ impurity centers mimicking that of Er in optical fiber materials. The concentration distributions of the dopants within the films were determined utilizing Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS). The main finding of this study is the correlation between Er concentration, oxygen presence, and optical activity in Si–Er–O films. Results demonstrate that the optical activity of Er³⁺ ions rise with the O/Er atomic concentration ratio, peaking at a specific ratio; corroborating earlier results from other researchers in the literature. Elevated Er concentration correlates with decreased PL signals, confirming that Er–O association enhances optically active Er³⁺, while Er–Er association inhibits it. This optimal balance suggests potential improvements in light emitting diodes (LED) manufacturing via PVD. More importantly, the efficacy of IBM is evident in its role in enhancing Er thermal diffusion and achieving optimal optical activation. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of controlling processing conditions to achieve desired composition and properties, with implications for enhancing LED efficiency, especially in the infrared spectral range.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 112607"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143436937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensors in pursuit of personalized radiation medicine","authors":"D.A. Bradley ,&nbsp;A. Taheri ,&nbsp;S.N. Mat Nawi ,&nbsp;Lam Siok Ee ,&nbsp;M.U. Khandaker ,&nbsp;S.F.Abdul Sani ,&nbsp;N.S. Mohd Nor Ihsan ,&nbsp;Jeannie Hsiu Ding Wong","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112602","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112602","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We are developing high spatial resolution radiation-sensitive passive and active insulator sensors, the responses respectively reflecting molecular configuration absorptivity and disruptions, and electron trapping, with readout dependent upon evoked light. Present interest in radiation medicine links with an over-arching aim of providing for the capture of detailed dose data, accessing systems possessing the ability to reflect patient-to-patient variations. In turn, enriched data can link to AI-assisted individualized procedures offering the potential of improvements in therapeutic outcomes. The work builds on prior investigation of the thermoluminescence of 50 μm graphite foils and Raman analysis of 75 μm PTFE tape, the latter medium being the focus of current interest. For PTFE the intention herein is to investigate systems of readout that offer an alternative to Raman spectroscopy, investigating photoluminescence- and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. In use of photoluminescence spectroscopy linear dose sensitivity from a few mGy to in excess of several Gy is found, the lower end being important in encompassing typical penumbral doses and scatter. Additionally, the flexible PTFE tape provides for a comprehensive range of body curvatures. Moreover, unprecedented micron level 2D spatial resolution is obtained from use of laser readout. The tape offers particular advantages, allowing safe and accurate dose assessments in otherwise hard to deal-with situations, including for eyes and skin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 112602"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural radionuclide distribution and radiological risk assessment in Brazilian building finishes: Paints, varnishes, sealers, primers, and enamels","authors":"Lucas Faria da Silva ,&nbsp;Leandro Barbosa da Silva ,&nbsp;Carlos Omar Pastrana Orejuela ,&nbsp;Jonathan Oliveira dos Santos ,&nbsp;Altivo Monteiro de Souza ,&nbsp;Gabriel do Nascimento Freitas ,&nbsp;Ademir Xavier da Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112609","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112609","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the natural radioactivity levels in paints, varnishes, sealers, primers, and enamels used in residential buildings in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, addressing a gap in the existing literature on naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) in surface finishing materials. While the contribution of building materials to radiation exposure is well documented, limited data exists on the specific activities of ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, and ⁴⁰K in common surface finishes such as paints, varnishes, sealers, primers, and enamels. Thirty-three samples from leading Brazilian manufacturers were analyzed using gamma spectrometry to determine activity concentrations. Results revealed significant variations across material types, with paints exhibiting the highest levels—notably sample T9 with 40.45 Bq kg⁻¹−1 (²²⁶Ra), 36.68 Bq kg⁻¹−1 (²³²Th), and 194.56 Bq kg⁻¹ (⁴⁰K)—while sealers consistently showed the lowest. Calculated annual effective doses for all samples, including the highest at 0.4 mSv y⁻⁻¹ (T9), remained well below the international safety limit of 1 mSv y⁻⁻¹. Importantly, the activities of the majority of radionuclides in the compounds were found to be below their respective dose limits, confirming compliance with global safety standards. The calculated radiological hazard metrics, including annual effective dose and associated economic costs, highlighted the importance of minimizing overall radiation exposure by prioritizing lower radioactivity finishing materials, especially when combined with other high-activity construction materials. This research establishes the first comprehensive database of radioactivity levels in Brazilian surface finishing materials and offers practical guidance for enhancing building safety standards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 112609"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143446013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The stabilization effects of graphene oxide coupled with rosemary extract","authors":"Traian Zaharescu ,&nbsp;Ioana Cîrstea ,&nbsp;Aurora Crăciun ,&nbsp;Radu Mirea","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112601","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112601","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The stabilization efficiencies produced on ethylene-propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) by graphene oxide (GO) and rosemary extract (RM) are studied by nonisothermal chemiluminescence. The obtained eco-materials present an evident improvement of durability under the accelerated degradation occurred by γ-exposure. The complementary contributions achieved by these additives in respect with the effects of their couple are discussed by means of the comparison of the onset oxidation temperatures characterizing the potential contributions of GO and RM by scavenging of free radicals. The oxidation resistance is evaluated by means of the values of activation energy, which is required for the delay of structural degradation. The values of activation energies increase by the addition of protectors and they maintain higher degree of stabilization in the irradiated polymers by means of the radiochemical crosslinking of polymer substrate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 112601"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase contrast based high resolution X-ray desktop tomography","authors":"A.M.M.M. Perez ,&nbsp;D. Hampai ,&nbsp;A. Filippo ,&nbsp;E. Capitolo ,&nbsp;M.E. Poletti ,&nbsp;S.B. Dabagov","doi":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112600","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.112600","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In our research on X-ray imaging, a desktop setup composed by a microfocus source, a charge-coupled device (CCD) detector and a precision rotation stage was used to carry out the studies on X-ray phase contrast imaging (XPCI) for high resolution tomography. Attenuation based tomographic imaging of a screw was performed, while organic samples consisting of both an insect embedded an amber stone, and a piece of wood were imaged using phase contrast technique. Stereo-imaging was performed by reconstruction of projection images. The procedure of reconstruction is based on a conversion of projection images into slices images, on a segmentation, as well as on a 3D rendering. We have shown that rendered images allow identification of fine details of both inorganic and organic samples studied. Precise instrumentation used has enabled us to combine the phase information and the tomographic reconstruction that results in getting high resolution tomographic images.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20861,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 112600"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143418549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}