放射生物学实验中异质小鼠模型幻影的组织等效材料的表征和评价

IF 2.8 3区物理与天体物理 Q3 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Radiation Physics and Chemistry Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI:10.1016/j.radphyschem.2025.113034

John Paul C. Cabahug , Shalaine S. Tatu-Qassim , Laureen Ida M. Ballesteros , Jose Bernardo L. Padaca III , Ulysses B. Ante , Vladimir M. Sarmiento , Earl John T. Geraldo , Chitho P. Feliciano

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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的：3D打印等先进制造技术已被用于开发用于临床前放射生物学研究的小动物模型。为了精确的剂量测定，3D打印材料需要模拟真实小鼠模型的放射学特性。在本研究中，根据组织等效性评估了各种3D打印材料的组合，并与已知的参考标准进行了比较，以确定制作3D打印异质小鼠幻影的最佳配方。方法评估了14种不同成分和比例的测试材料的组织等效性：用于肺部的聚氨酯树脂和立体光刻板（SLA）透明树脂晶格结构，用于软组织的树脂硬化剂，以及用于骨骼的树脂-羟基磷灰石（HAP）和树脂-蒙脱土（MMT）纳米粘土树脂。采用计算机断层扫描（CT）和GAMMEX 467组织表征模型确定霍斯菲尔德单位（HU）和相对电子密度（RED）的校准曲线。元素组成和质量衰减系数由NIST XCOM光子截面数据库测定，这些值提交给Phy-X/PSD数据库进行有效原子序数（Zeff）测定。然后将结果与ICRU报告44、GAMMEX和NIST XCOM进行比较。结果肺组织中PU-Resin（1:1.3）比的RED为0.30±0.02，与GAMMEX肺（LN300）的差异为3.96%。对于软组织，树脂-硬化剂（1:1）比RED为1.07±0.00，与GAMMEX肌肉相比差异为4.36%。对于骨，30% HAP树脂的RED为1.33±0.01，与GAMMEX （CB2 - 30% CaCO3）相比差异为3.61%。上述材料的质量密度分别为0.36±0.01、1.07±0.01和1.39±0.01 g/cm3，与icru44的质量密度分别相差5.98%、1.08%和3.95%。在有效原子数（Zeff）方面，PU-resin（1:1.3）与ICRU 44（肺）相比（p = 0.9466），树脂-硬化剂（1:1）与ICRU 44（软组织）相比（p = 0.4236）， 30% HAP的树脂与NIST XCOM （B-100骨当量）相比（p = 0.9727）无显著差异。在80 keV和300 keV的临床前相关x射线能量范围内，pu -树脂（1:1.3）、树脂-硬化剂（1:1. 1）和30% HAP树脂的质量衰减系数相差高达9%。结论与GAMMEX、ICRU Report 44和NIST XCOM等参考标准相比，肺用pu树脂（1:1.3）、软组织用树脂硬化剂（1:1. 1）和骨用30% HAP树脂在CT数、CT衍生材料密度、RED、有效原子数和质量衰减系数等方面具有良好的放射学组织等效性。鉴定的材料将用于创建异质小鼠模体，用于临床前剂量验证。

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Characterization and evaluation of tissue-equivalent materials for heterogeneous mouse model phantoms in radiobiology experiments

Purpose

Advanced manufacturing techniques such as 3D printing have been employed in developing small animal phantoms for preclinical radiobiology studies. For accurate dosimetry, 3D printing materials need to mimic the radiological properties of a real mouse model. In this study, various combinations of 3D printing materials were evaluated in terms of tissue equivalence and compared with known reference standards to determine the best formulation for making a 3D-printed heterogenous mouse phantom.

Methodology

The tissue equivalence of fourteen (14) test materials of varying compositions and ratios were evaluated: polyurethane-resin and stereolithographic (SLA) clear resin lattice structure for lungs, resin-hardener for soft tissues, and resin-hydroxyapatite (HAP) and resin-montmorillonite (MMT) nanoclay-resin for bone. A calibration curve of Hounsfield units (HU) and relative electron density (RED) was determined using the computed tomography (CT) and GAMMEX 467 Tissue Characterization Phantom. The elemental compositions and mass attenuation coefficients were determined by the NIST XCOM Photon Cross Sections Database, and these values were submitted to the Phy-X/PSD Database for effective atomic number (Z_eff) determination. The results were then compared with the ICRU Report 44, GAMMEX, and NIST XCOM.

Results

For lung tissue, the PU-Resin (1:1.3) ratio has an RED of 0.30 ± 0.02, differing by 3.96 % with GAMMEX lung (LN300). For soft tissue, the resin-hardener (1:1) ratio RED is 1.07 ± 0.00, with a 4.36 % difference compared to GAMMEX muscle. For bone, resin with 30 % HAP has an RED of 1.33 ± 0.01 with a 3.61 % difference compared to GAMMEX (CB2 -30 % CaCO₃). The mass densities of the above materials were 0.36 ± 0.01, 1.07 ± 0.01, and 1.39 ± 0.01 g/cm³, differing by 5.98 %, 1.08 %, and 3.95 % with ICRU 44, respectively. In terms of effective atomic number (Z_eff), there is no significant difference between PU-resin (1:1.3) (p = 0.9466) compared to ICRU 44 lung, resin-hardener (1:1) (p = 0.4236) compared to ICRU 44 soft tissue, and resin with 30 % HAP (p = 0.9727) compared to NIST XCOM (B-100 bone equivalent). The mass attenuation coefficients of PU-resin (1:1.3), resin-hardener (1:1), and resin with 30 % HAP were found to differ by up to 9 % for preclinically relevant X-ray energies between 80 keV and 300 keV.

Conclusion

The radiological tissue equivalence of PU-resin (1:1.3) for lung, resin-hardener (1:1) for soft tissue, and a resin with 30 % HAP for bone showed good agreement in terms of CT number, CT-derived material density, RED, effective atomic number, and mass attenuation coefficient compared to reference standards such as the GAMMEX, ICRU Report 44, and NIST XCOM. The identified materials will be used to create a heterogeneous mouse phantom for preclinical dose verification.

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来源期刊

Radiation Physics and Chemistry 化学-核科学技术

CiteScore

5.60

自引率

17.20%

发文量

574

审稿时长

12 weeks

期刊介绍： Radiation Physics and Chemistry is a multidisciplinary journal that provides a medium for publication of substantial and original papers, reviews, and short communications which focus on research and developments involving ionizing radiation in radiation physics, radiation chemistry and radiation processing. The journal aims to publish papers with significance to an international audience, containing substantial novelty and scientific impact. The Editors reserve the rights to reject, with or without external review, papers that do not meet these criteria. This could include papers that are very similar to previous publications, only with changed target substrates, employed materials, analyzed sites and experimental methods, report results without presenting new insights and/or hypothesis testing, or do not focus on the radiation effects.