Radiologia Brasileira最新文献

{"title":"Restaging magnetic resonance imaging of the rectum after neoadjuvant therapy: a practical guide.","authors":"Natally Horvat, João Miranda, Fernanda Kinochita, Tiago Lins de Carvalho, Giovanni Brondani Torri, Thiago José Pinheiro Lopes, Cesar Higa Nomura","doi":"10.1590/0100-3984.2024.0004","DOIUrl":"10.1590/0100-3984.2024.0004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. Rectal cancer accounts for approximately one-third of new colorectal cancer cases, with adenocarcinoma as the predominant subtype. Despite an overall decline in colorectal cancer incidence and mortality, due to advancements in screening, early diagnosis, and treatment options, there is a concerning increase in incidence rates among young patients. Recent significant advances in managing locally advanced rectal cancer, such as the establishment of different surgical approaches, neoadjuvant treatment using different protocols for high-risk cases, and the adoption of organ-preservation strategies, have increased the importance of the role played by radiologists in locoregional assessment on magnetic resonance imaging at baseline, at restaging, and during active surveillance of patients with rectal cancer. In this article, we review the role of restaging rectal magnetic resonance imaging after neoadjuvant therapy, providing radiologists with a practical, step-by-step guide for assessing treatment response.</p>","PeriodicalId":20842,"journal":{"name":"Radiologia Brasileira","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11268099/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141760617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiology in the age of artificial intelligence: challenges and opportunities.","authors":"Tulio Augusto Alves Macedo, Manoel de Souza Rocha","doi":"10.1590/0100-3984.2024.57.e1-en","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-3984.2024.57.e1-en","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20842,"journal":{"name":"Radiologia Brasileira","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11267975/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141760609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opening doors for open-source large language models in radiology education.","authors":"Partha Pratim Ray","doi":"10.1590/0100-3984.2024.0037","DOIUrl":"10.1590/0100-3984.2024.0037","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20842,"journal":{"name":"Radiologia Brasileira","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11258978/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141734944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural language processing in the classification of radiology reports in benign gallbladder diseases.","authors":"Lislie Gabriela Santin, Henrique Min Ho Lee, Viviane Mariano da Silva, Ellison Fernando Cardoso, Murilo Gleyson Gazzola","doi":"10.1590/0100-3984.2023.0096-en","DOIUrl":"10.1590/0100-3984.2023.0096-en","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop a natural language processing application capable of automatically identifying benign gallbladder diseases that require surgery, from radiology reports.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We developed a text classifier to classify reports as describing benign diseases of the gallbladder that do or do not require surgery. We randomly selected 1,200 reports describing the gallbladder from our database, including different modalities. Four radiologists classified the reports as describing benign disease that should or should not be treated surgically. Two deep learning architectures were trained for classification: a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) network. In order to represent words in vector form, the models included a Word2Vec representation, with dimensions of 300 or 1,000. The models were trained and evaluated by dividing the dataset into training, validation, and subsets (80/10/10).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The CNN and BiLSTM performed well in both dimensional spaces. For the 300- and 1,000-dimensional spaces, respectively, the F1-scores were 0.95945 and 0.95302 for the CNN model, compared with 0.96732 and 0.96732 for the BiLSTM model.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our models achieved high performance, regardless of the architecture and dimensional space employed.</p>","PeriodicalId":20842,"journal":{"name":"Radiologia Brasileira","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11235066/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141591242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inguinal lymph node metastases from prostate cancer: clinical, pathology, and multimodality imaging considerations.","authors":"Sungmin Woo, Anton S Becker, Soleen Ghafoor, Felipe de Galiza Barbosa, Yuki Arita, Hebert A Vargas","doi":"10.1590/0100-3984.2024.0013","DOIUrl":"10.1590/0100-3984.2024.0013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate clinical, pathology, and imaging findings associated with inguinal lymph node (LN) metastases in patients with prostate cancer (PCa).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This was a retrospective single-center study of patients with PCa who underwent imaging and inguinal LN biopsy between 2000 and 2023. We assessed the following aspects on multimodality imaging: inguinal LN morphology; extrainguinal lymphadenopathy; the extent of primary and recurrent tumors; and non-nodal metastases. Imaging, clinical, and pathology features were compared between patients with and without metastatic inguinal LNs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We evaluated 79 patients, of whom 38 (48.1%) had pathology-proven inguinal LN metastasis. Certain imaging aspects- short-axis diameter, prostate-specific membrane antigen uptake on positron-emission tomography, membranous urethra involvement by the tumor, extra-inguinal lymphadenopathy, and distant metastases-were associated with pathology-proven inguinal LN metastases (<i>p</i> < 0.01 for all). Associations with long-axis diameter, fatty hilum, laterality, and uptake of other tracers on positronemission tomography were not significant (<i>p</i> = 0.09-1.00). The patients with metastatic inguinal LNs had higher prostate-specific antigen levels and more commonly had castration-resistant PCa (<i>p</i> < 0.01), whereas age, histological grade, and treatment type were not significant factors (<i>p</i> = 0.07-0.37). None of the patients had inguinal LN metastasis in the absence of locally advanced disease with membranous urethra involvement or distant metastasis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Several imaging, clinical, and pathology features are associated with inguinal LN metastases in patients with PCa. Isolated metastasis to inguinal LNs is extremely rare and unlikely to occur in the absence of high-risk imaging, clinical, or pathology features.</p>","PeriodicalId":20842,"journal":{"name":"Radiologia Brasileira","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11235075/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141591240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The importance of the medical imaging technology park: access, equity, and balance.","authors":"Claudia Marques Canabrava, Altacílio Aparecido Nunes, Antônio Pazin Filho","doi":"10.1590/0100-3984.2024.57.e2-en","DOIUrl":"10.1590/0100-3984.2024.57.e2-en","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20842,"journal":{"name":"Radiologia Brasileira","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11235062/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141591160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of steatosis assessment in imaging.","authors":"Hilton Muniz Leão Filho","doi":"10.1590/0100-3984.2024.57.e3","DOIUrl":"10.1590/0100-3984.2024.57.e3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20842,"journal":{"name":"Radiologia Brasileira","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11235060/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141591159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imaging findings of acute calcific periarthritis, with emphasis on magnetic resonance imaging: pictorial essay.","authors":"Letícia Bianco Gomes de Almeida, Marcelo Mantiolhe Martins, Vinícius Neves Marcos","doi":"10.1590/0100-3984.2023.0126-en","DOIUrl":"10.1590/0100-3984.2023.0126-en","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute calcific periarthritis (ACP) is defined as periarticular inflammation associated with intra-articular deposits of hydroxyapatite and other basic calcium phosphate crystals. Patients with ACP present with a sudden onset of pain, together with localized swelling, as well as erythema, tenderness, and reduced range of motion. Familiarity with the clinical and radiological manifestations of ACP aids in the diagnosis and helps differentiate it from other conditions, particularly infectious or inflammatory pathologies such as septic arthritis and gout, thereby reducing the number of unnecessary diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. The objective of this pictorial essay is to illustrate the imaging findings of ACP in various joints, with an emphasis on the findings obtained by magnetic resonance imaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":20842,"journal":{"name":"Radiologia Brasileira","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11235058/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141591239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-invasive hepatic fat quantification: Can multi-echo Dixon help?","authors":"Akarshi Gupta, Rashmi Dixit, Anjali Prakash","doi":"10.1590/0100-3984.2023.0125","DOIUrl":"10.1590/0100-3984.2023.0125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of multi-echo Dixon magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in hepatic fat quantification, in comparison with that of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), on 3.0-T MRI.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Fifty-five adults with no known liver disease underwent MRI in a 3.0-T scanner for determination of the hepatic fat fraction, with two techniques: multi-echo Dixon, in a manually drawn region of interest (ROI) and in the entire liver parenchyma (automated segmentation); and MRS. The diagnostic accuracy and cutoff value for multi-echo Dixon were determined, with MRS being used as the reference standard.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean fat fraction obtained by multi-echo Dixon in the manually drawn ROI and in the entire liver was 5.2 ± 5.8% and 6.6 ± 5.2%, respectively, whereas the mean hepatic fat fraction obtained by MRS was 5.7 ± 6.4%. A very strong positive correlation and good agreement were observed between MRS and multi-echo Dixon, for the ROI (r = 0.988, r² = 0.978, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and for the entire liver parenchyma (r = 0.960, r² = 0.922, <i>p</i> < 0.001). A moderate positive correlation was observed between the hepatic fat fraction and body mass index of the participants, regardless of the fat estimation technique employed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>For hepatic fat quantification, multi-echo Dixon MRI demonstrated a very strong positive correlation and good agreement with MRS (often considered the gold-standard noninvasive technique). Because multi-echo Dixon MRI is more readily available than is MRS, it can be used as a rapid tool for hepatic fat quantification, especially when the hepatic fat distribution is not homogeneous.</p>","PeriodicalId":20842,"journal":{"name":"Radiologia Brasileira","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11235074/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141591243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relevance of the correlation between tomography findings and laboratory test results in the accuracy of the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.","authors":"Daniel Lopes da Cunha, Maria Lucia Rossetti, Evaldo Teixeira Nunes, Eduardo Bruno Lobato Martins, Aila de Menezes Ferreira, Sariane Coelho Ribeiro","doi":"10.1590/0100-3984.2023.0079-en","DOIUrl":"10.1590/0100-3984.2023.0079-en","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the correlation between multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) findings and laboratory test results in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 57 patients were evaluated. Patients with suspected PTB were divided into groups according to the final diagnosis (confirmed or excluded), and the groups were compared in terms of sociodemographic variables, clinical symptoms, tomography findings, and laboratory test results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the patients with a confirmed diagnosis of PTB, small pulmonary nodules with a peribronchovascular distribution were significantly more common in the patients with a positive sputum smear microscopy result (47.4% vs. 8.3%; <i>p</i> = 0.046), as were a miliary pattern (36.8% vs. 0.0%; <i>p</i> = 0.026), septal thickening (84.2% vs. 41.7%; <i>p</i> = 0.021), and lymph node enlargement (52.6% vs. 8.3%; <i>p</i> = 0.020). Small pulmonary nodules with a centrilobular distribution were significantly more common among the culture-positive patients (75.0% vs. 35.7%; <i>p</i> = 0.045), as was a tree-in-bud pattern (91.7% vs. 42.9%; <i>p</i> = 0.014). A tree-in-bud pattern, one of the main tomography findings characteristic of PTB, had a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 71.0%, 73.1%, 75.9%, and 67.9%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MDCT presented reliable predictive values for the main tomography findings in the diagnosis of PTB, being a safe tool for the diagnosis of PTB in patients with clinical suspicion of the disease. It also appears to be a suitable tool for the selection of patients who are candidates for more complex, invasive examinations from among those with high clinical suspicion of PTB and a negative sputum smear microscopy result.</p>","PeriodicalId":20842,"journal":{"name":"Radiologia Brasileira","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11235076/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141591155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}