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Coherent Optical Communication 相干光通信
Seventh Topical Meeting on Integrated and Guided-Wave Optics Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/igwo.1984.tha5
J. Midwinter
{"title":"Coherent Optical Communication","authors":"J. Midwinter","doi":"10.1364/igwo.1984.tha5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/igwo.1984.tha5","url":null,"abstract":"Virtually all fibre transmission systems up to the present have used simple intensity modulation of the transmit laser, most frequently in the form of binary ON/OFF modulation. At the receiver, incoming optical power has been converted directly to photocurrent in a photodetector. Such receivers typically operate with sensitivities of 2000 photons/bit for 1E-9 bit error rates at 1300 or 1500nm wavelength, approximately 20dB away from the theoretically ideal photodetector performance. The only technique that has succeeded in closing this gap to date is that of the coherent system, using an optical local-oscillator at the receiver to operate with a photo-detector mixer in heterodyne or homodyne mode. Apart from the receiver, the transmitter design must be radically changed also and, ultimately, the technology seems likely to lead to new ways of using light for communications.","PeriodicalId":208165,"journal":{"name":"Seventh Topical Meeting on Integrated and Guided-Wave Optics","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114510238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Single-Mode Fiber Devices 单模光纤器件
Seventh Topical Meeting on Integrated and Guided-Wave Optics Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/igwo.1984.thc1
R. Stolen
{"title":"Single-Mode Fiber Devices","authors":"R. Stolen","doi":"10.1364/igwo.1984.thc1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/igwo.1984.thc1","url":null,"abstract":"Optical fibers were once thought of strictly as a transmission medium. It was expected that any processing of the optical signal would take place outside of the fiber; either by conventional electronics, or by devices based on planar integrated optics. Over the years this situation has changed, as many optical components, that are made directly with single-mode fiber, have been reported. Such components include directional couplers, polarizers, phase modulators, polarization transformers, filters, and optical amplifiers. Most of these components require control over the state of polarization, and take advantage of recent improvements in polarization preserving fibers. At the same time there has been a steady improvement in single-mode fiber splicing techniques. It is thus becoming possible to think of fairly complex devices based on combinations of several inline single-mode fiber components.","PeriodicalId":208165,"journal":{"name":"Seventh Topical Meeting on Integrated and Guided-Wave Optics","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116320250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Fundamental Diffraction Limits of the Performance of Chirped Grating Lenses 啁啾光栅透镜性能的基本衍射极限
Seventh Topical Meeting on Integrated and Guided-Wave Optics Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/igwo.1984.thd3
J. Delavaux, W. Chang
{"title":"Fundamental Diffraction Limits of the Performance of Chirped Grating Lenses","authors":"J. Delavaux, W. Chang","doi":"10.1364/igwo.1984.thd3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/igwo.1984.thd3","url":null,"abstract":"Although highly efficient chirped grating lenses have been reported[1−7], their performance that will combine high efficiency η with large angular field of view Δθ or high η with low F-number is limited by the phase distortion in the diffraction process and by fabrication tolerances. In this paper, we will show how the coupling coefficient Kc and the minimum periodicity Λmin will limit the lens performance (i.e. η, Δθ and F). The efficiency is also sensitive to the variation of the line width to space width ratio obtained in the lithographic process. However, it is insenstive to the position accuracy of the individual grating grooves.","PeriodicalId":208165,"journal":{"name":"Seventh Topical Meeting on Integrated and Guided-Wave Optics","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114447500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Time-Division Multiplexing/Demultiplexing and Data Encoding Experiments Using Fast T:LiNbO3 Directional Coupler Switch/Modulators 基于Fast T:LiNbO3方向耦合器开关/调制器的时分复用/解复用和数据编码实验
Seventh Topical Meeting on Integrated and Guided-Wave Optics Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/igwo.1984.tua3
S. Korotky, L. Buhl, R. Alferness, G. Eisenstein, J. Veselka, G. Harvey, P. Read
{"title":"Time-Division Multiplexing/Demultiplexing and Data Encoding Experiments Using Fast T:LiNbO3 Directional Coupler Switch/Modulators","authors":"S. Korotky, L. Buhl, R. Alferness, G. Eisenstein, J. Veselka, G. Harvey, P. Read","doi":"10.1364/igwo.1984.tua3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/igwo.1984.tua3","url":null,"abstract":"For multi-gigabit/sec communication systems, high-speed electro-optic guided-wave modulators and switches are attractive alternatives to circumvent spectral and optical power limitations of directly modulated semiconductor lasers. These waveguide devices may be used, for example, to externally modulate and time-division multiplex/demultiplex high peak power pulses obtained from mode-locked semiconductor laser sources. Here, we report fully-connectorized and packaged, 2X1 and 3X1 Ti:LiNbO3 waveguide switches designed for 1.3 μm wavelength and experiments carried out to assess the high-speed performance of these devices in optical time-division multiplexing/demultiplexing and data encoding applications. Using the devices as switches, we have actively multiplexed optical pulse streams with output non-return-to-zero (NRZ) center-to-center bit spacings of less than 100 ps, while incurring an average optical power penalty of only 0.5 dB. We have also operated the devices as modulators to encode a pseudo-random data stream at 2Gb/s NRZ without degradation of the eye pattern or the cw semiconductor laser source spectrum.","PeriodicalId":208165,"journal":{"name":"Seventh Topical Meeting on Integrated and Guided-Wave Optics","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130237769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
High Speed InGaAs PIN Photodiode Grown on Semi-Insulating InP Substrate Suitable for Monolithic Integration 适合单片集成的半绝缘InP衬底上生长的高速InGaAs PIN光电二极管
Seventh Topical Meeting on Integrated and Guided-Wave Optics Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/igwo.1984.tha3
K. Li, E. Rezek, H. Law
{"title":"High Speed InGaAs PIN Photodiode Grown on Semi-Insulating InP Substrate Suitable for Monolithic Integration","authors":"K. Li, E. Rezek, H. Law","doi":"10.1364/igwo.1984.tha3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/igwo.1984.tha3","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of a PIN photodiode with an FET is attractive to obtain low noise, high speed photoreceivers for optical communication systems. Most of the high speed photodiode work to date has been done on conductive substrates which are not suitable for monolithic integration1-4. In this paper, we report a low operating voltage InGaAs PIN photodiode suitable for optoelectronic monolithic integration, fabricated on a semi-insulating InP substrate with the lowest reported dark current density of 2.5 x 10-6 A/cm2 at -10V bias (0.2nA for a 100μm diameter diode). At the operating voltage of -5V, an external quantum efficiency of >90% at 1.3μm and >83% at 1.55μm, a rise time of <35 ps and a FWHM of <45 ps have been measured.","PeriodicalId":208165,"journal":{"name":"Seventh Topical Meeting on Integrated and Guided-Wave Optics","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114520646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fabrication of Titanium-In-Diffused Lithium Niobate Optical Waveguides by Laser Annealing at 10.6 μm 10.6 μm激光退火制备钛扩散铌酸锂光波导
Seventh Topical Meeting on Integrated and Guided-Wave Optics Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/igwo.1984.wc6
M. Parmenter, R. Holman, V. E. Wood, J. Busch, G. Long
{"title":"Fabrication of Titanium-In-Diffused Lithium Niobate Optical Waveguides by Laser Annealing at 10.6 μm","authors":"M. Parmenter, R. Holman, V. E. Wood, J. Busch, G. Long","doi":"10.1364/igwo.1984.wc6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/igwo.1984.wc6","url":null,"abstract":"The most common method for fabricating high quality planar and channel waveguides in electrooptic lithium niobate is titanium in-diffusion.1 This process typically involves uniform heating, in a furnace, of polished lithium niobate single crystal substrates on which dense, thin titanium metal films have been deposited. The process, nowadays, is normally conducted for 5-6 hours in moistened oxygen2 at 1000°C. As the diffusion furnace is heated to 1000°C, or during an intentional pre-soak at 600°C, the titanium film oxidizes to titanium dioxide. This oxide precursor then reacts with the crystal surface layers in a complex mechanism culminating in the diffusive incorporation of titanium ions within the lithium niobate lattice.","PeriodicalId":208165,"journal":{"name":"Seventh Topical Meeting on Integrated and Guided-Wave Optics","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114751214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fiber-Coupling Loss and Drive Voltage Simultaneous Reductions by Tapered Titanium-Thickness Diffusion in LiNbO3 Waveguide Switches LiNbO3波导开关中锥形钛厚度扩散法同时降低光纤耦合损耗和驱动电压
Seventh Topical Meeting on Integrated and Guided-Wave Optics Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/igwo.1984.tua5
M. Kondo, K. Komatsu, Y. Ohta
{"title":"Fiber-Coupling Loss and Drive Voltage Simultaneous Reductions by Tapered Titanium-Thickness Diffusion in LiNbO3 Waveguide Switches","authors":"M. Kondo, K. Komatsu, Y. Ohta","doi":"10.1364/igwo.1984.tua5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/igwo.1984.tua5","url":null,"abstract":"Titanium-diffused LiNbO3 waveguide switches and modulators are foreseen as elements in optical switching networks1) or external modulators2) in high bit-rate optical communication systems, because of their broadband and low loss capability. In practical applications, both low insertion loss, when coupled to optical fibers, and low operating voltage for high speed driving are required in these devices. Recently, low Ti:LiNbO3 waveguide to single-mode fiber coupling loss has been reported.3) The relation between drive voltage and waveguide structure has also been discussed.4) However, a low loss and low drive voltage switch or modulator has not been realized, because the conditions for achieving the above two purposes are different. That is, mode size matching between waveguide and fiber is required for low loss coupling. On the other hand, small mode size is preferable for low drive voltage.","PeriodicalId":208165,"journal":{"name":"Seventh Topical Meeting on Integrated and Guided-Wave Optics","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121904473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
TrLiNbO3 Guided-Wave Devices for Long Wavelength Telecommunications 长波通信用TrLiNbO3导波器件
Seventh Topical Meeting on Integrated and Guided-Wave Optics Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/igwo.1984.tua1
R. Alferness, L. Buhl, S. Korotky, M. Divino
{"title":"TrLiNbO3 Guided-Wave Devices for Long Wavelength Telecommunications","authors":"R. Alferness, L. Buhl, S. Korotky, M. Divino","doi":"10.1364/igwo.1984.tua1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/igwo.1984.tua1","url":null,"abstract":"The recent growth in single-mode lightwave technology for communications, sensor and signal processing has heightened the prospects for practical application of TrLiNbO3 guided-wave devices. For telecommunications applications, long wavelength (λ=1.3μm–1.6μm) devices with low fiber-coupled insertion loss will be required. Here we summarize our recent work on long wavelength Ti:LiNbO3 waveguide high-speed switch/modulators, tunable filters, polarization controllers and splitters, and short, high-peak power pulse generators.","PeriodicalId":208165,"journal":{"name":"Seventh Topical Meeting on Integrated and Guided-Wave Optics","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126350585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
InGaAsP/InP λ=1.3μm Channelled Substrate Buried Heterostructure Lasers with Vapor Phase Epitaxial Current Confinement Layers 具有气相外延电流约束层的InGaAsP/InP λ=1.3μm沟道衬底埋置异质结构激光器
Seventh Topical Meeting on Integrated and Guided-Wave Optics Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/igwo.1984.tuc4
D. Wilt, R. Karlicek, K. Strege, W. C. Dautremont-Smith, N. Dutta, E. Flynn, W. D. Johnston, R. Nelson
{"title":"InGaAsP/InP λ=1.3μm Channelled Substrate Buried Heterostructure Lasers with Vapor Phase Epitaxial Current Confinement Layers","authors":"D. Wilt, R. Karlicek, K. Strege, W. C. Dautremont-Smith, N. Dutta, E. Flynn, W. D. Johnston, R. Nelson","doi":"10.1364/igwo.1984.tuc4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/igwo.1984.tuc4","url":null,"abstract":"We have fabricated 13 μm InGaAsP/InP channelled substrate buried heterostructure lasers with vapor phase epitaxial (VPE) grown current confinement structures to increase throughput and reduce the cost of devices. The cross section of the device fabricated is indicated in Figure 1. Three layers of InP are grown by hydride transport VPE to form the npn base structure which is v-groove etched and regrown by liquid phase epitaxy.","PeriodicalId":208165,"journal":{"name":"Seventh Topical Meeting on Integrated and Guided-Wave Optics","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128028379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Planar Guided-Wave Magnetooptic Diffraction By Magnetostatic Surface Waves In Yig/Ggg Waveguides* Yig/Ggg波导中静磁表面波的平面导波磁光衍射*
Seventh Topical Meeting on Integrated and Guided-Wave Optics Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/igwo.1984.tub3
C. S. Tsai, D. Young, L. Adkins, C. Lee, H. Glass
{"title":"Planar Guided-Wave Magnetooptic Diffraction By Magnetostatic Surface Waves In Yig/Ggg Waveguides*","authors":"C. S. Tsai, D. Young, L. Adkins, C. Lee, H. Glass","doi":"10.1364/igwo.1984.tub3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/igwo.1984.tub3","url":null,"abstract":"Modulation and switching of light waves in Yttrium iron garnet (YIG)–Gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG) waveguides using Farady rotation(1), and light propagation and mode-conversion in a thin-film dielectric waveguide using magnetooptic YIG substrate(2,3) had been studied in detail. More recently, propagation and mode-conversion in a YIG/GGG waveguide with an isotropic top layer using Faraday rotation was also analyzed.(4) In this paper we report on wideband modulation at multigigahertz (2 to 7 GHz) center frequency that results from planar magnetooptic diffraction by magnetostatic surface waves in the YIG/GGG waveguide.","PeriodicalId":208165,"journal":{"name":"Seventh Topical Meeting on Integrated and Guided-Wave Optics","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124388850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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