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A Note on Quantum-Secure PRPs 关于量子安全prp的注释
IF 6.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Quantum Pub Date : 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.22331/q-2025-04-08-1696
Mark Zhandry
{"title":"A Note on Quantum-Secure PRPs","authors":"Mark Zhandry","doi":"10.22331/q-2025-04-08-1696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-04-08-1696","url":null,"abstract":"We show how to construct pseudorandom permutations (PRPs) that remain secure even if the adversary can query the permutation, both in the forward and reverse directions, on a quantum superposition of inputs. Such quantum-secure PRPs have found numerous applications in cryptography and complexity theory. Our construction combines a quantum-secure pseudorandom function together with constructions of classical format preserving encryption. By combining known results, we show how to construct quantum-secure PRP in this model whose security relies only on the existence of one-way functions.","PeriodicalId":20807,"journal":{"name":"Quantum","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143798374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
What can unitary sequences tell us about multi-time physics? 关于多时间物理，酉序列能告诉我们什么？
IF 6.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Quantum Pub Date : 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.22331/q-2025-04-08-1695
Gregory A. L. White, Felix A. Pollock, Lloyd C. L. Hollenberg, Charles D. Hill, Kavan Modi
{"title":"What can unitary sequences tell us about multi-time physics?","authors":"Gregory A. L. White, Felix A. Pollock, Lloyd C. L. Hollenberg, Charles D. Hill, Kavan Modi","doi":"10.22331/q-2025-04-08-1695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-04-08-1695","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-time quantum processes are endowed with the same richness as multipartite states, including temporal entanglement and exotic causal structures. However, experimentally probing these rich phenomena leans heavily on fast and clean mid-circuit measurements, which are rarely available. We show here how surprisingly accessible these phenomena are in nascent quantum processors even when faced with substantially limited control. We work within the limitation where only unitary control is allowed, followed by a terminating measurement. Within this setting, we first develop a witness for genuine multi-time entanglement, and then methods to bound (from top and bottom) multi-time entanglement, non-Markovianity, purity, entropy, and other correlative measures. Our tools are designed to be implemented on quantum information processors, which we proceed to demonstrate. Finally, we discuss the limitations of these methods by testing them across random multi-time processes. Conceptually, this broadens our understanding of the extent to which temporal correlations may be determined with only deterministic control. Our techniques are pertinent to generic quantum stochastic dynamical processes, with a scope ranging across condensed matter physics, quantum biology, and in-depth diagnostics of NISQ-era quantum devices.","PeriodicalId":20807,"journal":{"name":"Quantum","volume":"64 1","pages":"1695"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143798373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Spatially-Coupled QLDPC Codes 空间耦合QLDPC码
IF 6.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Quantum Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.22331/q-2025-04-07-1693
Siyi Yang, Robert Calderbank
{"title":"Spatially-Coupled QLDPC Codes","authors":"Siyi Yang, Robert Calderbank","doi":"10.22331/q-2025-04-07-1693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-04-07-1693","url":null,"abstract":"Spatially-coupled (SC) codes is a class of convolutional LDPC codes that has been well investigated in classical coding theory thanks to their high performance and compatibility with low-latency decoders. We describe toric codes as quantum counterparts of classical two-dimensional spatially-coupled (2D-SC) codes, and introduce spatially-coupled quantum LDPC (SC-QLDPC) codes as a generalization. We use the convolutional structure to represent the parity check matrix of a 2D-SC code as a polynomial in two indeterminates, and derive an algebraic condition that is both necessary and sufficient for a 2D-SC code to be a stabilizer code. This algebraic framework facilitates the construction of new code families. While not the focus of this paper, we note that small memory facilitates physical connectivity of qubits, and it enables local encoding and low-latency windowed decoding. In this paper, we use the algebraic framework to optimize short cycles in the Tanner graph of 2D-SC hypergraph product (HGP) codes that arise from short cycles in either component code. While prior work focuses on QLDPC codes with rate less than 1/10, we construct 2D-SC HGP codes with small memories, higher rates (about 1/3), and superior thresholds.","PeriodicalId":20807,"journal":{"name":"Quantum","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143789547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Resource-Optimized Grouping Shadow for Efficient Energy Estimation 高效能量估计的资源优化分组阴影
IF 6.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Quantum Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.22331/q-2025-04-07-1694
Min Li, Mao Lin, Matthew J. S. Beach
{"title":"Resource-Optimized Grouping Shadow for Efficient Energy Estimation","authors":"Min Li, Mao Lin, Matthew J. S. Beach","doi":"10.22331/q-2025-04-07-1694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-04-07-1694","url":null,"abstract":"The accurate and efficient energy estimation of quantum Hamiltonians consisting of Pauli observables is an essential task in modern quantum computing. We introduce a Resource-Optimized Grouping Shadow (ROGS) algorithm, which optimally allocates measurement resources by minimizing the estimation error bound through a novel overlapped grouping strategy and convex optimization. Our numerical experiments demonstrate that ROGS requires significantly fewer unique quantum circuits for accurate estimation accuracy compared to existing methods given a fixed measurement budget, addressing a major cost factor for compiling and executing circuits on quantum computers.","PeriodicalId":20807,"journal":{"name":"Quantum","volume":"30 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143789533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Charge and Spin Sharpening Transitions on Dynamical Quantum Trees 动态量子树上的电荷和自旋锐化跃迁
IF 6.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Quantum Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.22331/q-2025-04-07-1692
Xiaozhou Feng, Nadezhda Fishchenko, Sarang Gopalakrishnan, Matteo Ippoliti
{"title":"Charge and Spin Sharpening Transitions on Dynamical Quantum Trees","authors":"Xiaozhou Feng, Nadezhda Fishchenko, Sarang Gopalakrishnan, Matteo Ippoliti","doi":"10.22331/q-2025-04-07-1692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-04-07-1692","url":null,"abstract":"The dynamics of monitored systems can exhibit a measurement-induced phase transition (MIPT) between entangling and disentangling phases, tuned by the measurement rate. When the dynamics obeys a continuous symmetry, the entangling phase further splits into a fuzzy phase and a sharp phase based on the scaling of fluctuations of the symmetry charge. While the sharpening transition for Abelian symmetries is well understood analytically, no such understanding exists for the non- Abelian case. In this work, building on a recent analytical solution of the MIPT on tree-like circuit architectures (where qubits are repatedly added or removed from the system in a recursive pattern), we study entanglement and sharpening transitions in monitored dynamical quantum trees obeying $U(1)$ and $SU(2)$ symmetries. The recursive structure of tree tensor networks enables powerful analytical and numerical methods to determine the phase diagrams in both cases. In the $U(1)$ case, we analytically derive a Fisher-KPP-like differential equation that allows us to locate the critical point and identify its properties. We find that the entanglement/purification and sharpening transitions generically occur at distinct measurement rates. In the $SU(2)$ case, we find that the fuzzy phase is generic, and a sharp phase is possible only in the limit of maximal measurement rate. In this limit, we analytically solve the boundaries separating the fuzzy and sharp phases, and find them to be in agreement with exact numerical simulations.","PeriodicalId":20807,"journal":{"name":"Quantum","volume":"217 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143789532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Noise-tolerant public-key quantum money from a classical oracle 来自经典预言机的噪声容忍公钥量子货币
IF 6.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Quantum Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.22331/q-2025-04-07-1691
Peter Yuen
{"title":"Noise-tolerant public-key quantum money from a classical oracle","authors":"Peter Yuen","doi":"10.22331/q-2025-04-07-1691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-04-07-1691","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum money is the task of verifying the validity of banknotes while ensuring that they cannot be counterfeited. Public-key quantum money allows anyone to perform verification, while the private-key setting restricts the ability to verify to banks, as in Wiesner's original scheme. The current state of technological progress means that errors are impossible to entirely suppress, hence the requirement for noise-tolerant schemes. We show for the first time how to achieve noise-tolerance in the public-key setting. Our techniques follow Aaronson and Christiano's oracle model, where we use the ideas of quantum error correction to extend their scheme: a valid banknote is now a subspace state possibly affected by noise, and verification is performed by using classical oracles to check for membership in \"larger spaces.\" Additionally, a banknote in our scheme is minted by preparing conjugate coding states and applying a unitary that permutes the standard basis vectors.","PeriodicalId":20807,"journal":{"name":"Quantum","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143789531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nonlinearity of the Fidelity in Open Qudit Systems: Gate and Noise Dependence in High-dimensional Quantum Computing 开放量子系统保真度的非线性：高维量子计算中的门和噪声依赖
IF 6.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Quantum Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.22331/q-2025-04-07-1690
Jean-Gabriel Hartmann, Denis Janković, Rémi Pasquier, Mario Ruben, Paul-Antoine Hervieux
{"title":"Nonlinearity of the Fidelity in Open Qudit Systems: Gate and Noise Dependence in High-dimensional Quantum Computing","authors":"Jean-Gabriel Hartmann, Denis Janković, Rémi Pasquier, Mario Ruben, Paul-Antoine Hervieux","doi":"10.22331/q-2025-04-07-1690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-04-07-1690","url":null,"abstract":"High-dimensional quantum computing has generated significant interest due to its potential to address scalability and error correction challenges faced by traditional qubit-based systems. This paper investigates the Average Gate Fidelity (AGF) of single qudit systems under Markovian noise in the Lindblad formalism, extending previous work by developing a comprehensive theoretical framework for the calculation of higher-order correction terms. We derive general expressions for the perturbative expansion of the Average Gate Infidelity (AGI) in terms of the environmental coupling coefficient and validate these with extensive numerical simulations, emphasizing the transition from linear to nonlinear behaviour in the strong coupling regime. Our findings highlight the dependence of AGI on qudit dimensionality, quantum gate choice, and noise strength, providing critical insights for optimising quantum gate design and error correction protocols. Additionally, we utilise our framework to identify universal bounds for the AGI in the strong coupling regime and explore the practical implications for enhancing the performance of near-term qudit architectures. This study offers a robust foundation for future research and development in high-dimensional quantum computing, contributing to the advancement of robust, high-fidelity quantum operations.","PeriodicalId":20807,"journal":{"name":"Quantum","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143789529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Quantum Edge Detection 量子边缘检测
IF 6.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Quantum Pub Date : 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.22331/q-2025-04-03-1687
Santiago Llorens, Walther González, Gael Sentís, John Calsamiglia, Ramon Muñoz-Tapia, Emili Bagan
{"title":"Quantum Edge Detection","authors":"Santiago Llorens, Walther González, Gael Sentís, John Calsamiglia, Ramon Muñoz-Tapia, Emili Bagan","doi":"10.22331/q-2025-04-03-1687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-04-03-1687","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces quantum edge detection, aimed at locating boundaries of quantum domains where all particles share the same pure state. Focusing on the 1D scenario of a string of particles, we develop an optimal protocol for quantum edge detection, efficiently computing its success probability through Schur-Weyl duality and semidefinite programming techniques. We analyze the behavior of the success probability as a function of the string length and local dimension, with emphasis in the limit of long strings. We present a protocol based on square root measurement, which proves asymptotically optimal. Additionally, we explore a mixed quantum change point detection scenario where the state of particles transitions from known to unknown, which may find practical applications in detecting malfunctions in quantum devices","PeriodicalId":20807,"journal":{"name":"Quantum","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143775661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Impact of decoherence on the fidelity of quantum gates leaving the computational subspace 退相干对量子门离开计算子空间保真度的影响
IF 6.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Quantum Pub Date : 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.22331/q-2025-04-03-1684
Tahereh Abad, Yoni Schattner, Anton Frisk Kockum, Göran Johansson
{"title":"Impact of decoherence on the fidelity of quantum gates leaving the computational subspace","authors":"Tahereh Abad, Yoni Schattner, Anton Frisk Kockum, Göran Johansson","doi":"10.22331/q-2025-04-03-1684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-04-03-1684","url":null,"abstract":"The fidelity of quantum operations is often limited by incoherent errors, which typically can be modeled by fundamental Markovian noise processes such as amplitude damping and dephasing. In Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 150504 (2022), we presented an analytical result for the average gate fidelity of a general multiqubit operation in terms of the dissipative rates and the corresponding Lindblad jump operators, provided that the operation remains in the computational subspace throughout the time evolution. Here we generalize this expression for the average gate fidelity to include the cases where the system state temporarily leaves the computational subspace during the gate. Such gate mechanisms are integral to several quantum-computing platforms, and our formula is applicable to all of them; as examples, we employ it for the two-qubit controlled-Z gate in both superconducting qubits and neutral atoms. We also obtain the average gate fidelity for simultaneous operations applied in multiqubit systems. These results are useful for understanding the error budgets of quantum gates while scaling up quantum computers.","PeriodicalId":20807,"journal":{"name":"Quantum","volume":"107 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143766734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Which features of quantum physics are not fundamentally quantum but are due to indeterminism? 量子物理的哪些特征从根本上不是量子的，而是由于不确定性造成的？
IF 6.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Quantum Pub Date : 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.22331/q-2025-04-03-1686
Flavio Del Santo, Nicolas Gisin
{"title":"Which features of quantum physics are not fundamentally quantum but are due to indeterminism?","authors":"Flavio Del Santo, Nicolas Gisin","doi":"10.22331/q-2025-04-03-1686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-04-03-1686","url":null,"abstract":"What is fundamentally quantum? We argue that most of the features, problems, and paradoxes – such as the measurement problem, the Wigner's friend paradox and its proposed solutions, single particle nonlocality, and no-cloning – allegedly attributed to quantum physics have a classical analogue if one is to interpret classical physics as fundamentally indeterministic. What really characterizes non-classical effects are incompatible physical quantities, which, in quantum quantum theory are associated to the fundamental constant $hbar$.","PeriodicalId":20807,"journal":{"name":"Quantum","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143766732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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