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Exact, Average, and Broken Symmetries in a Simple Adaptive Monitored Circuit 简单自适应监测电路中的精确对称性、平均对称性和破缺对称性
IF 6.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Quantum Pub Date : 2025-06-17 DOI: 10.22331/q-2025-06-17-1771
Zhi Li, Zhu-Xi Luo
{"title":"Exact, Average, and Broken Symmetries in a Simple Adaptive Monitored Circuit","authors":"Zhi Li, Zhu-Xi Luo","doi":"10.22331/q-2025-06-17-1771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-06-17-1771","url":null,"abstract":"Symmetry is a powerful tool for understanding phases of matter in equilibrium. Quantum circuits with measurements have recently emerged as a platform for novel states of matter intrinsically out of equilibrium. Can symmetry be used as an organizing principle for these novel states, their phases and phase transitions? In this work, we give an affirmative answer to this question in a simple adaptive monitored circuit, which hosts an ordering transition in addition to a separate entanglement transition, upon tuning a single parameter. Starting from a symmetry-breaking initial state, depending on the tuning parameter, the steady state could (i) remain symmetry-broken, (ii) exhibit the average symmetry in the ensemble of trajectories, or (iii) exhibit the exact symmetry for each trajectory. The ordering transition is mapped to the transition in a classical majority vote model, described by the Ising universality class, while the entanglement transition lies in the percolation class. Numerical simulations are further presented to support the analytical understandings.","PeriodicalId":20807,"journal":{"name":"Quantum","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144305463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Accurate neural quantum states for interacting lattice bosons 相互作用晶格玻色子的精确神经量子态
IF 6.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Quantum Pub Date : 2025-06-17 DOI: 10.22331/q-2025-06-17-1772
Zakari Denis, Giuseppe Carleo
{"title":"Accurate neural quantum states for interacting lattice bosons","authors":"Zakari Denis, Giuseppe Carleo","doi":"10.22331/q-2025-06-17-1772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-06-17-1772","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, neural quantum states have emerged as a powerful variational approach, achieving state-of-the-art accuracy when representing the ground-state wave function of a great variety of quantum many-body systems, including spin lattices, interacting fermions or continuous-variable systems. However, accurate neural representations of the ground state of interacting bosons on a lattice have remained elusive. We introduce a neural backflow Jastrow Ansatz, in which occupation factors are dressed with translationally equivariant many-body features generated by a deep neural network. We show that this neural quantum state is able to faithfully represent the ground state of the 2D Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian across all values of the interaction strength. We scale our simulations to lattices of dimension up to $20{times}20$ while achieving the best variational energies reported for this model. This enables us to investigate the scaling of the entanglement entropy across the superfluid-to-Mott quantum phase transition, a quantity hard to extract with non-variational approaches.","PeriodicalId":20807,"journal":{"name":"Quantum","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144305464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Simulating Meson Scattering on Spin Quantum Simulators 自旋量子模拟器上介子散射模拟
IF 6.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Quantum Pub Date : 2025-06-17 DOI: 10.22331/q-2025-06-17-1773
Elizabeth R. Bennewitz, Brayden Ware, Alexander Schuckert, Alessio Lerose, Federica M. Surace, Ron Belyansky, William Morong, De Luo, Arinjoy De, Kate S. Collins, Or Katz, Christopher Monroe, Zohreh Davoudi, Alexey V. Gorshkov
{"title":"Simulating Meson Scattering on Spin Quantum Simulators","authors":"Elizabeth R. Bennewitz, Brayden Ware, Alexander Schuckert, Alessio Lerose, Federica M. Surace, Ron Belyansky, William Morong, De Luo, Arinjoy De, Kate S. Collins, Or Katz, Christopher Monroe, Zohreh Davoudi, Alexey V. Gorshkov","doi":"10.22331/q-2025-06-17-1773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-06-17-1773","url":null,"abstract":"Studying high-energy collisions of composite particles, such as hadrons and nuclei, is an outstanding goal for quantum simulators. However, preparation of hadronic wave packets has posed a significant challenge, due to the complexity of hadrons and the precise structure of wave packets. This has limited demonstrations of hadron scattering on quantum simulators to date. Observations of confinement and composite excitations in quantum spin systems have opened up the possibility to explore scattering dynamics in spin models. In this article, we develop two methods to create entangled spin states corresponding to wave packets of composite particles in analog quantum simulators of Ising spin Hamiltonians. One wave-packet preparation method uses the blockade effect enabled by beyond-nearest-neighbor Ising spin interactions. The other method utilizes a quantum-bus-mediated exchange, such as the native spin-phonon coupling in trapped-ion arrays. With a focus on trapped-ion simulators, we numerically benchmark both methods and show that high-fidelity wave packets can be achieved in near-term experiments. We numerically study scattering of wave packets for experimentally realizable parameters in the Ising model and find inelastic-scattering regimes, corresponding to particle production in the scattering event, with prominent and distinct experimental signals. Our proposal, therefore, demonstrates the potential of observing inelastic scattering in near-term quantum simulators.","PeriodicalId":20807,"journal":{"name":"Quantum","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144305486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A quantum algorithm for linear autonomous differential equations via Padé approximation 线性自治微分方程的pad<s:1>近似量子算法
IF 6.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Quantum Pub Date : 2025-06-17 DOI: 10.22331/q-2025-06-17-1770
Dekuan Dong, Yingzhou Li, Jungong Xue
{"title":"A quantum algorithm for linear autonomous differential equations via Padé approximation","authors":"Dekuan Dong, Yingzhou Li, Jungong Xue","doi":"10.22331/q-2025-06-17-1770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-06-17-1770","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a novel quantum algorithm for solving linear autonomous ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using the Padé approximation. For linear autonomous ODEs, the discretized solution can be represented by a product of matrix exponentials. The proposed algorithm approximates the matrix exponential by the diagonal Padé approximation, which is then encoded into a large, block-sparse linear system and solved via quantum linear system algorithms (QLSA). The detailed quantum circuit is given based on quantum oracle access to the matrix, the inhomogeneous term, and the initial state. The complexity of the proposed algorithm is analyzed. Compared to the method based on Taylor approximation, which approximates the matrix exponential using a $k$-th order Taylor series, the proposed algorithm improves the approximation order $k$ from two perspectives: 1) the explicit complexity dependency on $k$ is improved, and 2) a smaller $k$ suffices for the same precision. Numerical experiments demonstrate the advantages of the proposed algorithm comparing to other related algorithms.","PeriodicalId":20807,"journal":{"name":"Quantum","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144305461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Optimal number of stabilizer measurement rounds in an idling surface code patch 空转表面代码补丁中稳定器测量弹数的最优
IF 6.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Quantum Pub Date : 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.22331/q-2025-06-12-1767
Áron Márton, János K. Asbóth
{"title":"Optimal number of stabilizer measurement rounds in an idling surface code patch","authors":"Áron Márton, János K. Asbóth","doi":"10.22331/q-2025-06-12-1767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-06-12-1767","url":null,"abstract":"Logical qubits can be protected against environmental noise by encoding them into a highly entangled state of many physical qubits and actively intervening in the dynamics with stabilizer measurements. In this work, we numerically optimize the rate of these interventions: the number of stabilizer measurement rounds for a logical qubit encoded in a surface code patch and idling for a given time. We model the environmental noise on the circuit level, including gate errors, readout errors, amplitude and phase damping. We find, qualitatively, that the optimal number of stabilizer measurement rounds is getting smaller for better qubits and getting larger for better gates or larger code sizes. We discuss the implications of our results to some of the leading architectures, superconducting qubits, and neutral atoms.","PeriodicalId":20807,"journal":{"name":"Quantum","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144268996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Low Overhead Qutrit Magic State Distillation 低开销Qutrit魔法状态蒸馏
IF 6.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Quantum Pub Date : 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.22331/q-2025-06-12-1768
Shiroman Prakash, Tanay Saha
{"title":"Low Overhead Qutrit Magic State Distillation","authors":"Shiroman Prakash, Tanay Saha","doi":"10.22331/q-2025-06-12-1768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-06-12-1768","url":null,"abstract":"We show that using qutrits rather than qubits leads to a substantial reduction in the overhead cost associated with an approach to fault-tolerant quantum computing known as magic state distillation. We construct a family of $[[9m-k, k, 2]]_3$ triorthogonal qutrit error-correcting codes for any positive integers $m$ and $k$ with $k leq 3m-2$ that are suitable for magic state distillation. In magic state distillation, the number of ancillae required to produce a magic state with target error rate $epsilon$ is $O(log^gamma epsilon^{-1})$, where the yield parameter $gamma$ characterizes the overhead cost. For $k=3m-2$, our codes have $gamma = log_2 (2+frac{6}{3 m-2})$, which tends to $1$ as $m to infty$. Moreover, the $[[20,7,2]]_3$ qutrit code that arises from our construction when $m=3$ already has a yield parameter of $1.51$ which outperforms all known qubit triorthogonal codes of size less than a few hundred qubits.","PeriodicalId":20807,"journal":{"name":"Quantum","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144269030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Optimal estimates of trace distance between bosonic Gaussian states and applications to learning 玻色子高斯态间迹距的最优估计及其在学习中的应用
IF 6.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Quantum Pub Date : 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.22331/q-2025-06-12-1769
Lennart Bittel, Francesco Anna Mele, Antonio Anna Mele, Salvatore Tirone, Ludovico Lami
{"title":"Optimal estimates of trace distance between bosonic Gaussian states and applications to learning","authors":"Lennart Bittel, Francesco Anna Mele, Antonio Anna Mele, Salvatore Tirone, Ludovico Lami","doi":"10.22331/q-2025-06-12-1769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-06-12-1769","url":null,"abstract":"Gaussian states of bosonic quantum systems enjoy numerous technological applications and are ubiquitous in nature. Their significance lies in their simplicity, which in turn rests on the fact that they are uniquely determined by two experimentally accessible quantities, their first and second moments. But what if these moments are only known approximately, as is inevitable in any realistic experiment? What is the resulting error on the Gaussian state itself, as measured by the most operationally meaningful metric for distinguishing quantum states, namely, the trace distance? In this work, we fully resolve this question by demonstrating that if the first and second moments are known up to an error $varepsilon$, the trace distance error on the state also scales as $varepsilon$, and this functional dependence is optimal. To prove this, we establish tight bounds on the trace distance between two Gaussian states in terms of the norm distance of their first and second moments. As an application, we improve existing bounds on the sample complexity of tomography of Gaussian states.","PeriodicalId":20807,"journal":{"name":"Quantum","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144268997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Simulation of open quantum systems on universal quantum computers 开放量子系统在通用量子计算机上的模拟
IF 6.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Quantum Pub Date : 2025-06-05 DOI: 10.22331/q-2025-06-05-1765
Huan-Yu Liu, Xiaoshui Lin, Zhao-Yun Chen, Cheng Xue, Tai-Ping Sun, Qing-Song Li, Xi-Ning Zhuang, Yun-Jie Wang, Yu-Chun Wu, Ming Gong, Guo-Ping Guo
{"title":"Simulation of open quantum systems on universal quantum computers","authors":"Huan-Yu Liu, Xiaoshui Lin, Zhao-Yun Chen, Cheng Xue, Tai-Ping Sun, Qing-Song Li, Xi-Ning Zhuang, Yun-Jie Wang, Yu-Chun Wu, Ming Gong, Guo-Ping Guo","doi":"10.22331/q-2025-06-05-1765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-06-05-1765","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid development of quantum computers has enabled demonstrations of quantum advantages on various tasks. However, real quantum systems are always dissipative due to their inevitable interaction with the environment, and the resulting non-unitary dynamics make quantum simulation challenging with only unitary quantum gates. In this work, we present an innovative and scalable method to simulate open quantum systems using quantum computers. We define an adjoint density matrix as a counterpart of the true density matrix, which reduces to a mixed-unitary quantum channel and thus can be effectively sampled using quantum computers. This method has several benefits, including no need for auxiliary qubits and noteworthy scalability. Moreover, some long-time properties like steady states and the thermal equilibrium can also be investigated as the adjoint density matrix and the true dissipated one converge to the same state. Finally, we present deployments of this theory in the dissipative quantum $XY$ model for the evolution of correlation and entropy with short-time dynamics and the disordered Heisenberg model for many-body localization with long-time dynamics. This work promotes the study of real-world many-body dynamics with quantum computers, highlighting the potential to demonstrate practical quantum advantages.","PeriodicalId":20807,"journal":{"name":"Quantum","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144218691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Stabilizer codes for Heisenberg-limited many-body Hamiltonian estimation 海森堡有限多体哈密顿估计的稳定器代码
IF 6.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Quantum Pub Date : 2025-06-05 DOI: 10.22331/q-2025-06-05-1766
Santanu Bosu Antu, Sisi Zhou
{"title":"Stabilizer codes for Heisenberg-limited many-body Hamiltonian estimation","authors":"Santanu Bosu Antu, Sisi Zhou","doi":"10.22331/q-2025-06-05-1766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-06-05-1766","url":null,"abstract":"Estimating many-body Hamiltonians has wide applications in quantum technology. By allowing coherent evolution of quantum systems and entanglement across multiple probes, the precision of estimating a fully connected $k$-body interaction can scale up to $(n^kt)^{-1}$, where $n$ is the number of probes and $t$ is the probing time. However, the optimal scaling may no longer be achievable under quantum noise, and it is important to apply quantum error correction in order to recover this limit. In this work, we study the performance of stabilizer quantum error correcting codes in estimating many-body Hamiltonians under noise. When estimating a fully connected $ZZZ$ interaction under single-qubit noise, we showcase three families of stabilizer codes – thin surface codes, quantum Reed–Muller codes and Shor codes – that achieve the scalings of $(nt)^{-1}$, $(n^2t)^{-1}$ and $(n^3t)^{-1}$, respectively, all of which are optimal with $t$. We further discuss the relation between stabilizer structure and the scaling with $n$, and identify several no-go theorems. For instance, we find codes with constant-weight stabilizer generators can at most achieve the $n^{-1}$ scaling, while the optimal $n^{-3}$ scaling is achievable if and only if the code bears a repetition code substructure, like in Shor code.","PeriodicalId":20807,"journal":{"name":"Quantum","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144218747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Explicit block encodings of boundary value problems for many-body elliptic operators 多体椭圆算子边值问题的显式分组编码
IF 6.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Quantum Pub Date : 2025-06-04 DOI: 10.22331/q-2025-06-04-1764
Tyler Kharazi, Ahmad M. Alkadri, Jin-Peng Liu, Kranthi K. Mandadapu, K. Birgitta Whaley
{"title":"Explicit block encodings of boundary value problems for many-body elliptic operators","authors":"Tyler Kharazi, Ahmad M. Alkadri, Jin-Peng Liu, Kranthi K. Mandadapu, K. Birgitta Whaley","doi":"10.22331/q-2025-06-04-1764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-06-04-1764","url":null,"abstract":"Simulation of physical systems is one of the most promising use cases of future digital quantum computers. In this work we systematically analyze the quantum circuit complexities of block encoding the discretized elliptic operators that arise extensively in numerical simulations for partial differential equations, including high-dimensional instances for many-body simulations. When restricted to rectangular domains with separable boundary conditions, we provide explicit circuits to block encode the many-body Laplacian with separable periodic, Dirichlet, Neumann, and Robin boundary conditions, using standard discretization techniques from low-order finite difference methods. To obtain high-precision, we introduce a scheme based on periodic extensions to solve Dirichlet and Neumann boundary value problems using a high-order finite difference method, with only a constant increase in total circuit depth and subnormalization factor. We then present a scheme to implement block encodings of differential operators acting on more arbitrary domains, inspired by Cartesian immersed boundary methods. We then block encode the many-body convective operator, which describes interacting particles experiencing a force generated by a pair-wise potential given as an inverse power law of the interparticle distance. This work provides concrete recipes that are readily translated into quantum circuits, with depth logarithmic in the total Hilbert space dimension, that block encode operators arising broadly in applications involving the quantum simulation of quantum and classical many-body mechanics.","PeriodicalId":20807,"journal":{"name":"Quantum","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144218689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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