Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Theoretical and practical importance of plasma levels of haloperidol. correlations with clinical and computerized EEG data","authors":"Rene P. De Buck ,&nbsp;Norberto Zelaschi ,&nbsp;Christian Gilles ,&nbsp;Jacques Durdu ,&nbsp;Henri Brauman","doi":"10.1016/0364-7722(81)90033-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0364-7722(81)90033-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p></p><ul><li><span>1.</span><span><p>1. Haloperidol plasma levels, after long acting haloperidol i.m. injection, are analyzed and compared with clinical evolution and EEG modifications.</p></span></li><li><span>2.</span><span><p>2. Haloperidol plasma levels were determined by radioimmunoassay. Clinical status was assessed weekly and computerized EEG were performed daily from day 3 to 7 after haloperidol decanoate injection.</p></span></li><li><span>3.</span><span><p>3. The plasma level-dose relationship during oral treatment and 4 weeks after haloperidol decanoate injection are very similar. After injection, the plasma level attains its highest value within 3 to 10 days and decreases along a logarithmic curve. An inverse relationship with B.P.R.S.scores is found in many patients. EEG changes are related to clinical status rather than to plasma levels.</p></span></li><li><span>4.</span><span><p>4. The results obtained by these three methods are proposed as criteria for the assessment of the reinjection time.</p></span></li></ul></div>","PeriodicalId":20801,"journal":{"name":"Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology","volume":"5 5","pages":"Pages 499-502"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0364-7722(81)90033-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18351885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Panic induced by sodium lactate: Electrophysiological correlates","authors":"Verner Knott,&nbsp;Rajnish Chaudhry,&nbsp;Yvon D. Lapierre","doi":"10.1016/0364-7722(81)90036-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0364-7722(81)90036-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p></p><ul><li><span>1.</span><span><p>1. This pilot study examined physiological concomitants of lactate-precipitated panic in six patients selected according to DSM-III criteria for panic disorder.</p></span></li><li><span>2.</span><span><p>2. Electrophysiological measures of central, autonomic and skeletal-muscular activities were monitored during a baseline period, i.v. administration of 5% D/W and of 0.5 M sodium lactate.</p></span></li><li><span>3.</span><span><p>3. Panic episodes were elicited in all patients following lactate administration. Marked increases in HR, EOG and EMG together with EEG alpha reduction, P₂-N₂ amplitude reductions of the AEP and paradoxical increases in EEG delta activity indicate that experimentally induced panic states are characterised by physiological hyperarousal.</p></span></li></ul></div>","PeriodicalId":20801,"journal":{"name":"Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology","volume":"5 5","pages":"Pages 511-514"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0364-7722(81)90036-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18351888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extra-focal catecholamine levels in ‘kindled’ rat forebrains","authors":"W. McIntyre Burnham,&nbsp;Gary A. King ,&nbsp;Kenneth G. Lloyd","doi":"10.1016/0364-7722(81)90042-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0364-7722(81)90042-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p></p><ul><li><span>1.</span><span><p>1. Levels of noradrenaline, dopamine and dopamine metabolites were measured in the striatum, limbic system and hypothalamus of amygdala-kindled and yoked control rats.</p></span></li><li><span>2.</span><span><p>2. Subjects were sacrificed three weeks after the kindled animals had displayed their fifth “Stage 5” generalized convulsion.</p></span></li><li><span>3.</span><span><p>3. No significant differences between kindled and control brains were found in any region except the hypothalamus. In the hypothalamus, noradrenaline and dopamine levels were significantly elevated in the kindled tissue. DOPAC was unchanged.</p></span></li><li><span>4.</span><span><p>4. The data suggest that amygdala kindling produces long lasting catecholaminergic changes in the hypothalamus, a major target for amygdaloid efferent fibers. They are in general agreement with the “noradrenaline hypothesis” of kindling.</p></span></li></ul></div>","PeriodicalId":20801,"journal":{"name":"Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology","volume":"5 5","pages":"Pages 537-541"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0364-7722(81)90042-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18351893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of amino acid precursors on catecholamine synthesis in the brain","authors":"David J. Edwards,&nbsp;Marguerite Rizk","doi":"10.1016/0364-7722(81)90048-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0364-7722(81)90048-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p></p><ul><li><span>1.</span><span><p>1. We studied L-DOPA, DOPS and tyrosine as precursors of CAs using GC/CI/MS techniques to measure the effects of these amino acids in rats on the production of metabolites in brain and urine.</p></span></li><li><span>2.</span><span><p>2. L-DOPA caused a significant increase in levels of brain NE metabolites which was not blocked by the peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor, Ro4-4602.</p></span></li><li><span>3.</span><span><p>3. DOPS increased brain levels of both NE and DA metabolites but the increases in NE (but not DA) metabolites were blocked by Ro4-4602.</p></span></li><li><span>4.</span><span><p>4. Tyrosine had no significant effect on CA metabolites in brain, but metabolites of tyramine and octopamine were increased 2- to 3-fold.</p></span></li><li><span>5.</span><span><p>5. We conclude that interpretation of results obtained with these precursor amino acids may be complicated by their lack of specificity or by conversion to amines in the brain capillaries.</p></span></li></ul></div>","PeriodicalId":20801,"journal":{"name":"Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology","volume":"5 5","pages":"Pages 569-572"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0364-7722(81)90048-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17854771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multicenter controlled trial in phobic-obsessive psychoneurosis. The effect of chlorimipramine and of its combinations with haloperidol and diazepam","authors":"G.B. Cassano,&nbsp;P. Castrogiovanni,&nbsp;M. Mauri,&nbsp;G. Rutigliano,&nbsp;R. Pirro,&nbsp;G. Cerone,&nbsp;N.P. Nielsen,&nbsp;S. Reitano,&nbsp;N. Guidotti,&nbsp;D. Bedarida,&nbsp;F.P. Marchetti,&nbsp;A. Catalano,&nbsp;M.V. Benecchi,&nbsp;G. Amabile,&nbsp;M. Zanasi,&nbsp;L. Pugliese,&nbsp;M.L. Rocco,&nbsp;A. Balestrieri,&nbsp;M. Tansella,&nbsp;L. Burti,&nbsp;F. Pariante","doi":"10.1016/0364-7722(81)90061-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0364-7722(81)90061-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p></p><ul><li><span>1.</span><span><p>1. Chlorimipramine has been reported to be effective in the treatment of phobic-obsessive patients. It has been widely used in combination with anti-anxiety compounds such as benzodiazepines, or with major tranquillizers, such as butirophenones, but no clear-cut superiority of anyone of these treatments has been yet established.</p></span></li><li><span>2.</span><span><p>2. A multicenter trial was performed to compare the therapeutic characteristics of chlorimipramine alone with those displayed in combination with haloperidol or diazepam in patients showing an obsessive and/or phobic sympomatology.</p></span></li><li><span>3.</span><span><p>3. A total of 54 inpatients of both sexes were admitted to a 60-day trial and were treated in double-blind conditions. The experiment was carried-out in three groups: chlorimipramine, chlorimipramine and diazepam, and chlorimipramine and haloperidol.</p></span></li><li><span>4.</span><span><p>4. The psychopatological picture and the evaluation of clinical efficacy was assessed by a battery of instruments: the MMPI, the RSD of Hamilton, the BPRS of Overall and Gorham and the IMPS of Lorr. For safety a check-list of side-effects has been used.</p></span></li><li><span>5.</span><span><p>5. After statistical processing, the data gathered from various centres seem to indicate differentiated types of response in all three treatments. These data suggest a possible differentiation in the use of the three treatments.</p></span></li></ul></div>","PeriodicalId":20801,"journal":{"name":"Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 129-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0364-7722(81)90061-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18070589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary studies on CSF gamma-aminobutyric acid levels in psychiatric patients before and during treatment with different psychotropic drugs","authors":"Reinhilde Zimmer ,&nbsp;Albert W Teelken ,&nbsp;Klaus D Meier ,&nbsp;Manfred Ackenheil ,&nbsp;Karl J Zander","doi":"10.1016/0364-7722(81)90103-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0364-7722(81)90103-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p></p><ul><li><span>1.</span><span><p>1. Measurements of CSF GABA levels were performed on different groups of psychiatric patients.</p></span></li><li><span>2.</span><span><p>2. Two different methods were used for determination of CSF GABA concentration: a) gaschromatography/ mass spectrometry and b) amino acid analysis with fluorescence detection.</p></span></li><li><span>3.</span><span><p>3. No difference in CSF GABA levels between control patients and untreated schizophrenic patients was seen.</p></span></li><li><span>4.</span><span><p>4. An increase of CSF GABA levels was found after 30 days of treatment with sulpiride and during chronic treatment with different neuroleptics for many years in long-stay hospitalized schizophrenic patients.</p></span></li><li><span>5.</span><span><p>5. In short-stay hospitalized schizophrenic patients after a period of about 6 weeks of treatment with different neuroleptics in combination with benzodiazepines and antiparkinsonian drugs a decrease of CSF GABA levels compared with control patients was observed.</p></span></li><li><span>6.</span><span><p>6. It is assumed that the increase of GABA in CSF could be indicative for a neuroleptic drug. The simultaneous administration of benzodiazepines and antiparkinsonian drugs might be responsible for the decrease in CSF GABA levels.</p></span></li></ul></div>","PeriodicalId":20801,"journal":{"name":"Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology","volume":"4 6","pages":"Pages 613-620"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0364-7722(81)90103-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18234196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A follow-up study of schizophrenic outpatients treated with depot-neuroleptics","authors":"Joachim Tegeler,&nbsp;Erlo Lehmann","doi":"10.1016/0364-7722(81)90008-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0364-7722(81)90008-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p></p><ul><li><span>1.</span><span><p>1. In the last years many studies have demonstrated that the maintenance therapy with depot-neuroleptics could reduce the readmissions of schizophrenic outpatients in comparison to short-acting medication.</p></span></li><li><span>2.</span><span><p>2. Most placebo-controlled studies are based on a follow-up of only one or two years. In a “mirror-image” study over 5 years the relapse rates and the duration of the hospital stay of 78 schizophrenic outpatients treated with depot-neuroleptics were compared with these parameters under short-acting medication.</p></span></li><li><span>3.</span><span><p>3. There was a high significant reduction of the readmissions rate and of the inpatient time under the treatment with depot-neuroleptics.</p></span></li><li><span>4.</span><span><p>4. The demographic data and therapeutic conditions which influence these results were discussed.</p></span></li></ul></div>","PeriodicalId":20801,"journal":{"name":"Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 79-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0364-7722(81)90008-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17182113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opiate mechanisms: Evaluation of research involving neuronal action potentials","authors":"William R. Klemm","doi":"10.1016/0364-7722(81)90002-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0364-7722(81)90002-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p></p><ul><li><span>1.</span><span><p>1. Various conclusions about the opiate effects in the central nervous system can be drawn from studies involving the recording of nerve impulses (action potentials). There are, for example, regional differences in the kind and character of opiate effects, both in acutely treated animals and during the development of tolerance to repeated exposure to opiates.</p></span></li><li><span>2.</span><span><p>2. Generally speaking, opiates depress neuronal activity with pharmacological stereospecificity. Excitatory effects (some of which are stereospecific and due to disinhibition) do occur in several brain regions. Excitatory effects can become more prominent during tolerance development.</p></span></li><li><span>3.</span><span><p>3. Opiates interact with major neurotransmitter systems in a variety of ways that include not only post-synaptic agonist/antagonist phenomena but also pre- and post-synaptic modulatory functions; mechanisms of such interactions are poorly understood and are a focus of current research in many laboratories.</p></span></li><li><span>4.</span><span><p>4. Opiates have profound effects in various brain structures that are known to be associated with the more prominent behaviors that are induced by opiates, as reflected in such phenomena as catalepsy, euphoria, reward and analgesia. There is, however, no clear understanding or unified theory to explain how these effects are produced. In the case of analgesia, the opiates are known to act simultaneously within nociceptive pathways at several levels: spinal, brainstem, and thalamic.</p></span></li><li><span>5.</span><span><p>5. The widespread distribution of cells that are sensitive to both the stereospecific and non-stereospecific effects of opiates makes it likely that the various behavioral effects of opiates are mediated through several receptor types and several levels of the nervous system.</p></span></li></ul></div>","PeriodicalId":20801,"journal":{"name":"Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 1-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0364-7722(81)90002-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17183256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of information exchange in psychopharmacology","authors":"Felix E. Vartanian","doi":"10.1016/0364-7722(81)90071-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0364-7722(81)90071-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p></p><ul><li><span>1.</span><span><p>1. Information exchange positively influences the development of this important branch of biomedical research.</p></span></li><li><span>2.</span><span><p>2. WHO, with its Collaborating Centres on Psychopharmacology, has made certain steps towards the improvement of information exchange in psychopharmacology on an international level.</p></span></li><li><span>3.</span><span><p>3. Several collaborative activities are devoted to the different aspects of modern psychopharmacology for meeting countries' needs, especially those of developing countries. Exchange of information forms an essential part of these activities.</p></span></li></ul></div>","PeriodicalId":20801,"journal":{"name":"Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 201-203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0364-7722(81)90071-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18280701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain substrates for reinforcement and drug self-administration","authors":"Roy A. Wise,&nbsp;Michael A. Bozarth","doi":"10.1016/0364-7722(81)90028-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0364-7722(81)90028-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p></p><ul><li><span>1.</span><span><p>1. Animals will work for stimulation of some parts of their own brains; this suggests that the brain has specialized circuitry for mediation of reward.</p></span></li><li><span>2.</span><span><p>2. Current evidence identifies two links in such circuitry: a myelinated, descending, medial forebrain bundle link and an ascending, dopaminergic, medial forebrain bundle link. The myelinated link makes probable synaptic contact with the dopaminergic cells of the ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra. These dopaminergic cells may receive other myelinated and reward-relevant afferents as well, particularly from the brainstem.</p></span></li><li><span>3.</span><span><p>3. Psychomotor stimulants facilitate intracranial self-stimulation by acting at terminals of the dopaminergic link, particularly in nucleus accumbens. Opiates facilitate self-stimulation by acting at the dopamine cell bodies in the ventral tegmentum. Facilitation of self-stimulation by other drugs of abuse has not been localized to a site of action.</p></span></li><li><span>4.</span><span><p>4. Psychomotor stimulants have rewarding actions of their own in nucleus accumbens. Opiates have rewarding actions at the dopaminergic cell body region of the ventral tegmentum. The sites of rewarding action have not been determined for other drugs of abuse.</p></span></li><li><span>5.</span><span><p>5. The substrate mediating rewarding actions of opiates and psychomotor stimulants also mediates the rewarding action of more natural rewards like food and water. The fact that some drugs of abuse can come to dominate behavior in relation to more natural rewards may stem from the more direct central actions of drugs on the reward substrate. The fact that the rewarding effects of food, water, opiates, and psychomotor stimulants feel subjectively dissimilar may simply reflect the fact that while a common rewarding action is shared by these agents, many other effects which are subjectively experienced differ between agents and obscure awareness of a common dimension of all positive rewards.</p></span></li></ul></div>","PeriodicalId":20801,"journal":{"name":"Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology","volume":"5 5","pages":"Pages 467-474"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0364-7722(81)90028-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18088394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}