Lee J. Grota , Victor Snieckus , S.Osmond De Silva , Hing W. Tsui , William R. Holloway , Alfred J. Lewy , Gregory M. Brown
{"title":"Radioimmunoassay of melatonin in rat serum","authors":"Lee J. Grota , Victor Snieckus , S.Osmond De Silva , Hing W. Tsui , William R. Holloway , Alfred J. Lewy , Gregory M. Brown","doi":"10.1016/0364-7722(81)90039-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0364-7722(81)90039-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p></p><ul><li><span>1.</span><span><p>1. Melatonin was coupled to albumin by means of a N<sub>a</sub>-p-carboxybenzyl, a N<sub>a</sub>-propionic acid, methylene, or a diazotized p-aminobenzoic acid bridge and injected into rabbits or sheep.</p></span></li><li><span>2.</span><span><p>2. All coupling procedures stimulated antisera which bound melatonin with the greatest affinity; N-acetylserotonin and 6-hydroxymelatonin cross-reacted with the antisera at 3–5%. Other naturally occurring indolealkylamine derivatives showed less cross-reactivity.</p></span></li><li><span>3.</span><span><p>3. Coupling the hapten melatonin to protein through a bridge at or near the indole N can stimulate antisera which are relatively specific to melatonin and suggest that antisera which bind specifically to any other individual indolealkylamine derivative could be produced using these coupling procedures.</p></span></li><li><span>4.</span><span><p>4. Using the methylene bridged antisera, a radioimmunoassay for melatonin was developed and validated for rat serum. In addition to tests for reliability and parallelism, serum estimates of melatonin by radioimmunoassay correlated .98 with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.</p></span></li><li><span>5.</span><span><p>5. Serum melatonin levels have a characteristic 24-hour rhythm with a crest late in the dark period (L:D 12:12). Following the injection of 50 ug of melatonin, serum levels reach 5–20 fold higher concentrations than physiological levels.</p></span></li></ul></div>","PeriodicalId":20801,"journal":{"name":"Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology","volume":"5 5","pages":"Pages 523-526"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0364-7722(81)90039-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18351891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"3, 4 dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol (DHPG) formation: The major route of rat brain norepinephrine metabolism","authors":"Peter P. Li, Jerry J. Warsh, Damodar D. Godse","doi":"10.1016/0364-7722(81)90041-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0364-7722(81)90041-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p></p><ul><li><span>1.</span><span><p>1. The regional formation rates of conjugated DHPG and MHPG in rat brain were estimated by determining their rates of accumulation following probenecid administration.</p></span></li><li><span>2.</span><span><p>2. Brain regional conjugated DHPG formation rates correlated significantly with the regional steady state levels. This did not apply in the case of conjugated MHPG.</p></span></li><li><span>3.</span><span><p>3. The formation rates of conjugated DHPG significantly exceeded those of conjugated MHPG in hypothalamus, midbrain, brainstem, hippocampus and cerebral cortex.</p></span></li><li><span>4.</span><span><p>4. These findings clearly indicate that conjugated DHPG formation is the major route of rat brain NE metabolism and also suggests DHPG levels are more indicative of rat brain NE turnover, under resting conditions.</p></span></li></ul></div>","PeriodicalId":20801,"journal":{"name":"Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology","volume":"5 5","pages":"Pages 531-535"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0364-7722(81)90041-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18351892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Determination of brain regional normetanephrine levels by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (LC-EC)","authors":"Andrew S. Chiu , Damodar D. Godse, Jerry J. Warsh","doi":"10.1016/0364-7722(81)90046-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0364-7722(81)90046-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p></p><ul><li><span>1.</span><span><p>1. A liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection (LC-EC) assay for brain normetanephrine (NMN) has been developed which also allows concurrent determination of brain norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) concentrations.</p></span></li><li><span>2.</span><span><p>2. Tissue samples were prepurified by cation exchange chromatography and the amines then separated by reversed-phase liquid chromatography on an octylsilane stationary phase.</p></span></li><li><span>3.</span><span><p>3. This method permits measurement of at least 200 pg of the above amines in brain.</p></span></li><li><span>4.</span><span><p>4. The concentrations of NMN in rat and mouse brain regions were found to be in the range of 0.115–0.435 ng/mg protein.</p></span></li></ul></div>","PeriodicalId":20801,"journal":{"name":"Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology","volume":"5 5","pages":"Pages 559-563"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0364-7722(81)90046-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18351895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Role of serotonergic and adrenergic systems in alcohol tolerance","authors":"J.M. Khanna, H. Kalant, A.D. Lê, A.E. LeBlanc","doi":"10.1016/0364-7722(81)90027-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0364-7722(81)90027-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p></p><ul><li><span>1.</span><span><p>1. This paper attempts to provide an overview of our research which has led us to the concept of tolerance as adaptation to drug effects rather than adaptation to the drug itself.</p></span></li><li><span>2.</span><span><p>2. This notion can be expanded to include drug tolerance as an example of a range of adaptive manifestations of neuroplasticity.</p></span></li><li><span>3.</span><span><p>3. The suggestion that serotonin (5-HT) is involved in general adaptive processes gave impetus to exploration of its role in tolerance.</p></span></li><li><span>4.</span><span><p>4. The paper focusses, therefore, primarily on the line of research that started with whole brain manipulation of brain 5-HT and evolved into a study of the effects of discrete and localized depletion of 5-HT.</p></span></li><li><span>5.</span><span><p>5. The evidence for the role of median raphe nucleus, the limbic 5-HT, central norepinephrine (NE), and Des-Gly<sup>9</sup> (Arg<sup>8</sup>) vasopressin (DGAVP) in ethanol tolerance is also provided, with the relationship between the median raphe nuclei and the limbic system most clearly delineated.</p></span></li></ul></div>","PeriodicalId":20801,"journal":{"name":"Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology","volume":"5 5","pages":"Pages 459-465"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0364-7722(81)90027-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17519191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Neurotransmitter systems in aging and senile dementia","authors":"Edith G. McGeer","doi":"10.1016/0364-7722(81)90025-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0364-7722(81)90025-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p></p><ul><li><span>1.</span><span><p>1. Reported changes in neurotransmitter systems with aging in human and animal brain are briefly reviewed. The effects of age appear to vary from region to region in brain, as well as from system to system. Considerable evidence is available that dopaminergic activity decreases with age, particularly in the striatum and nucleus accumbens; this loss may be important to age-related losses in agility and increases in the incidence and severity of tardive dyskinesia. Lesser, but still convincing, evidence indicates decreases with age in noradrenergic, GABAergic and cholinergic systems, with the most marked effects being found, respectively, in the hypothalamus, thalamus and cortex-hippocampus. The cortical and hippocampal losses in cholinergic activity are markedly accentuated in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type and are probably related to memory defects in aging and dementia.</p></span></li><li><span>2.</span><span><p>2. Serotonin and met-enkephalin systems in the hypothalamus are probably relatively unchanged by age and little or no information is available on numerous other putative transmitters.</p></span></li><li><span>3.</span><span><p>3. Brief consideration is also given to age-related changes in the density of specific binding sites, possible reasons for lack of therapeutic effect of choline analogs in senile dementia, and the question of whether cell death, loss of nerve endings and/or decreased neuronal vitality underlie the deficits found.</p></span></li></ul></div>","PeriodicalId":20801,"journal":{"name":"Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology","volume":"5 5","pages":"Pages 435-445"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0364-7722(81)90025-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17189418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Abstracts Presented at the Canadian College of Neuro-psychopharmacology Fourth Annual Meeting University of Toronto, Clark Institute of Psychiatry Toronto, April 23 – 25 1981","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/0364-7722(81)90082-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-7722(81)90082-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20801,"journal":{"name":"Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 283-325"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0364-7722(81)90082-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136516172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Henriette Frances, Marie-Hélène Marion, Pierre Simon
{"title":"Antidepressant action of lithium: Proposed mechanism based upon behavioral analysis in the mouse","authors":"Henriette Frances, Marie-Hélène Marion, Pierre Simon","doi":"10.1016/0364-7722(81)90086-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0364-7722(81)90086-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p></p><ul><li><span>1.</span><span><p>1. Mice receiving lithium carbonate (1.5 or 3 mg/ml) in their drinking water for a duration of 7 to 10 days were examined on a battery of psychopharmacological tests.</p></span></li><li><span>2.</span><span><p>2. The well-known learned aversion of rats for lithium was confirmed in mice and the increase in body weight was reduced by lithium. These two effects were concentration-dependent.</p></span></li><li><span>3.</span><span><p>3. Lithium partly antagonized the hypothermia induced by reserpine, oxotremorine, or a high dose of apomorphine.</p></span></li><li><span>4.</span><span><p>4. As this antagonistic effect is also shared by the tricyclic or MAOI antidepressants as well as by beta-adrenergic stimulants, it is suggested that lithium could act as an anti-depressant by increasing the release of noradrenaline.</p></span></li></ul></div>","PeriodicalId":20801,"journal":{"name":"Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 357-361"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0364-7722(81)90086-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18336474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of morphine on rectal temperature after acute and chronic treatment in the rat","authors":"Robert Numan , Harbans Lal","doi":"10.1016/0364-7722(81)90087-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0364-7722(81)90087-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p></p><ul><li><span>1.</span><span><p>1. In naive male rats morphine sulfate administered intraperitoneally in doses less than 25 mg/kg produced hyperthermia, while higher doses produced hypothermia.</p></span></li><li><span>2.</span><span><p>2. In morphine tolerant rats, morphine produced only hyperthermia at all doses with a markedly reduced time of onset.</p></span></li><li><span>3.</span><span><p>3. When morphine was acutely administered intravenously, all doses tested (2,5,10 and 20 mg/kg) led to an initial hypothermia; hyperthermia subsequently occurred at doses 2,5 and 10 mg/kg, but not at 20 mg/kg.</p></span></li><li><span>4.</span><span><p>4. Naltrexone (5 mg/kg) antagonized both the hyperthermic and hypothermic response to intraperitoneally administered morphine, and when the hypothermic response was antagonized, hyperthermia occurred.</p></span></li><li><span>5.</span><span><p>5. Adrenalectomy retarded the hyperthermic effects of intraperitoneally administered morphine in both naive and tolerant subjects.</p></span></li><li><span>6.</span><span><p>6. It is suggested that hypothermia is a primary action of morphine on central thermoreceptors, and that certain components of the hyperthermic response are induced indirectly, perhaps through hormones of the adrenal glands.</p></span></li></ul></div>","PeriodicalId":20801,"journal":{"name":"Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 363-371"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0364-7722(81)90087-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18336475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The effects of acute and chronic administration of β-phenylethylamine on food intake and body weight in rats","authors":"Colin T. Dourish, Alan A. Boulton","doi":"10.1016/0364-7722(81)90093-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0364-7722(81)90093-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p></p><ul><li><span>1.</span><span><p>1. The food and water intake and diuresis of male Sprague-Dawley rats were monitored after a single injection of <em>β</em>-phenylethylamine (PEA), and thereafter, at 7 day intervals during 4 weeks of drug treatment.</p></span></li><li><span>2.</span><span><p>2. PEA reduced 24 hour food intake (maximal effect of 20% reduction at 50 mg/kg) after a single injection and tolerance did not develop to this effect during four weeks treatment. Similarly PEA caused a dose dependent reduction in body weight gain during this period.</p></span></li><li><span>3.</span><span><p>3. The anorectic effect of PEA appears to be behaviourally specific to feeding since there was no concurrent inhibition of water intake or diuresis.</p></span></li></ul></div>","PeriodicalId":20801,"journal":{"name":"Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 411-414"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0364-7722(81)90093-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18336478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Steven R Hirsch , Rahul Manchanda , Malcolm P.I Weller
{"title":"Dextro-propranolol in schizophrenia","authors":"Steven R Hirsch , Rahul Manchanda , Malcolm P.I Weller","doi":"10.1016/0364-7722(81)90106-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0364-7722(81)90106-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p></p><ul><li><span>1.</span><span><p>1. Nine schizophrenic patients with florid symptoms were treated openly with d-propranolol. The mean dose was 1329 mg/day and the mean duration of treatment was 3.1 weeks.</p></span></li><li><span>2.</span><span><p>2. Results showed seven out of nine patients improved. Significant change in the schizophrenia subscore of BPRS was observed. Side effects of concern were seen in two patients.</p></span></li><li><span>3.</span><span><p>3. The implications of this therapeutic effect are discussed.</p></span></li></ul></div>","PeriodicalId":20801,"journal":{"name":"Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology","volume":"4 6","pages":"Pages 633-637"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0364-7722(81)90106-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18234198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}