Process Safety and Environmental Protection最新文献

{"title":"Synergistic bio-adsorption and methane production using plant residues for enhanced heavy metal removal and anaerobic digestion efficiency","authors":"Samir I. Gadow ,&nbsp;Mohamed A. El-Shawadfy ,&nbsp;Mohamed M. Abdel-Galeil ,&nbsp;Fatma H. Abd El-Zaher ,&nbsp;Zenta Kato ,&nbsp;Wei Xu ,&nbsp;Junchao Yang ,&nbsp;Yu-You Li","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tackling the dual challenge of environmental contamination and renewable energy demands, this study explores the potential of plant residues in wastewater treatment. Watermelon plant residue (WPR), eggplant plant residue (EPR), and their combination (WPR + EPR) were evaluated as eco-friendly bio-adsorbents for heavy metal removal while enhancing anaerobic digestion. The WPR + EPR combination achieved the highest removal efficiencies for Zinc (Zn) (98.37 %), copper (Cu) (92.87 %), lead (Pb) (73.86 %), and iron (Fe) (69.42 %). Individually, WPR was most effective for cobalt (Co) (95.19 %), nickel (Ni) (94.86 %), and manganese (Mn) (94.23 %), while EPR excelled in chromium (Cr) removal (92.41 %). Synergistic effects in the combined treatment resulted in the highest cumulative adsorption capacity (0.18932 mg/g), leveraging complementary functional groups. Adsorption followed chemisorption-dominated pseudo-second-order kinetics, with rapid phases described by the Elovich model and intra-particle diffusion contributing at later stages, particularly for Ni and Mn. Bio-adsorption enhanced anaerobic digestion, with WPR producing the most biogas (288.3 mL) and the highest chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal (53.16 %). Principal Component Analysis identified WPR post-adsorption as the most effective. This study demonstrates the dual advantages of bio-adsorption in wastewater treatment and bioenergy recovery, emphasizing agricultural residues as sustainable and cost-effective solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 107278"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the potential of chemical recycling for poly(methyl methacrylate) through pyrolysis: Rigorous modeling, economic, and environmental evaluation","authors":"Hsu-Cheng Hua ,&nbsp;Meng-Wei Lin ,&nbsp;Zi-Cheng Su ,&nbsp;I.-Lung Chien ,&nbsp;Bor-Yih Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107258","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pyrolysis is considered a promising method for the chemical recycling of waste plastics. While experimental and feasibility studies on the pyrolysis of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) have been conducted, a comprehensive pyrolyzer model has not yet been established. To address this gap, this study firstly develops a comprehensive and rigorous process model for the pyrolysis of PMMA. The research focuses on a one-dimensional, three-phase entrained bed model for the pyrolysis reactor, which thoroughly examines mass, energy, and momentum balances, as well as pyrolysis kinetics and thermodynamic properties. Subsequently, appropriate separation strategies have been developed for various scenarios of PMMA pyrolysis. For process analysis, a techno-economic evaluation (TEA) determines the minimum required selling price (MRSP) of recycled methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer, which ranges from 0.76 to 1.1 USD/kg across various sources and with uncertainties in monomer yield. However, the corresponding price is less than half the cost of virgin MMA. Additionally, LCA indicated that chemical recycling of PMMA offers substantial advantages across multiple environmental impact categories compared to incineration and landfill treatments, including global warming potential (GWP), fine particulate matter formation (FPMF), terrestrial acidification (TA), human carcinogenic toxicity (HCT), fossil resource Scarcity (FRS), and water consumption (WC). The findings further indicate that the pyrolysis of PMMA sources containing impurities, as well as any uncertainties associated with monomer yield, may compromise the overall sustainability of the process. Overall, this study provides insights into the potential of PMMA pyrolysis as a sustainable recycling method, contributing to both economic efficiency and environmental sustainability in the polymer industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 107258"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143934611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of clinker/Ca(OH)2 external blending on the hydration mechanism of oil shale ash–MSWI FA based cementitious materials","authors":"Xiang Chen ,&nbsp;Siqi Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuhang Liu ,&nbsp;Wen Ni ,&nbsp;Dongshang Guan ,&nbsp;Tong Zhao ,&nbsp;Zeping Wu ,&nbsp;Anlin Shao","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper utilized the blast furnace slag (BFS:70 %)–municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI FA:20 %)–desulfurization gypsum (DFG:10 %) cementitious system as a foundation, with the oil shale ash gradually replacing the BFS to prepare a solid waste quaternary cementitious system. After selecting the optimal ratio, PI 42.5 and Ca(OH)₂ are used as activators to optimize it, and the impact of different activator types and dosages on solid waste gelling systems is studied. The results show PI 42.5 markedly enhances the solid waste-based system's strength. The optimal effect of clinker shifts forward in the later stage of hydration. The strength of CP1 reaches 39.06 MPa, with a 50 % improvement. Ca(OH)₂ led to the formation of many hexagonal plate-like crystals at the early stage, reducing the system's early strength but significantly increasing it at the later hydration stage. The heavy metal leaching results of all groups meet the drinking water quality standard. Microanalysis by XRD, FTIR, TG-DTG, SEM&amp;EDS shows that the addition of PI 42.5 promotes the generation of functional hydration products such as ettringite, C–(A)–S–H and hydrate calcium chloroaluminate (HCC). As the hydration reaction progressed, ettringite production rose, C–S–H converted to C–A–S–H continuously, and the CP1 group has the best effect in the late stage. This study provides new ideas for the synergistic utilization of municipal hazardous wastes and metallurgical solid wastes, aids economy-environment coordination, and provides a theoretical basis for optimizing solid-waste gelling materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 107269"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143943100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methanol-driven advanced reduction of nitrate and 2,4,6-tribromophenol by UV-activated photolysis","authors":"Yawei Xie ,&nbsp;Yue Wang ,&nbsp;Shijie Wu ,&nbsp;Hmuu Khet Nwe Zaw ,&nbsp;Yaozu Jin ,&nbsp;Shiyi Ni ,&nbsp;Lyujun Chen ,&nbsp;Hongyuan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107271","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107271","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organic radicals-based advanced reduction processes (ARPs) have gained increasing attention in recent years. This study constructs a novel ARP leveraging NO₃⁻ photolysis with methanol as an organic additive to enhance the reductive removal of NO₃⁻ and 2,4,6-tribromophenol (2,4,6-TBP) under UV irradiation. Results demonstrate that methanol significantly improves NO₃⁻ reduction (97.8 %) and 2,4,6-TBP debromination (97.1 %) at pH 10. However, excessive 2,4,6-TBP (2 mM) reduces light penetration, diminishing system efficiency. Humic acid, Cl⁻, and CO₃²⁻ minimally affect 2,4,6-TBP removal but inhibit debromination and NO₃⁻ reduction. Dissolved oxygen (DO) shows negligible impact in closed systems due to rapid depletion. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) confirms the formation of •OH and •CH₂OH radicals, which drive dual oxidation-reduction pathways. While some intermediates exhibit toxicity, the overall effluent toxicity decreases by 33 %. The findings of this study challenge conventional perspectives on methanol's role in advanced oxidation processes and suggest a potential novel approach for the reductive elimination of pollutants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 107271"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143943099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing low-oxygen combustion reactivity in sintering fuels using CaO-coated coke: Insights from quasi-particle TGA and sintering pot experiment","authors":"Guanxiang Wang ,&nbsp;Chaoqun Li ,&nbsp;Wenqing Xu ,&nbsp;Xianchun Li ,&nbsp;Yixi Wang ,&nbsp;Tingyu Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High proportion flue gas recirculation reduces oxygen content, affecting sintering production. To address combustion inhibition under low oxygen conditions, this study examines the impact of quasi-particle structure on combustion characteristics in hypoxic environments. The combustion characteristics of one-dimensional quasi-particles were quantitatively analyzed using non-isothermal and isothermal thermogravimetric experiments. The reactivity index and reaction rate constant of CaO-coated coke increased by 26.6 % and 15 %, respectively, compared to pure coke under 15 % O₂ conditions. Subsequent studies have shown that CaO-coating increases the number of active sites and extends the diffusion path of combustion products, significantly enhancing the catalytic combustion effect. These findings were used to propose a CaO premixed low-oxygen sintering scheme. The effect of low-oxygen sintering of two-dimensional discrete fuels on production indexes was investigated by sintering pot experiments. Experimental results indicate that CaO premixing increases vertical sintering speed by 6.33 %, enhancing productivity by 5.45 %. Furthermore, the melting time of the surface layer is prolonged by 50 %, leading to a 12.6 % yield increase and a 1.9 % improvement in drum strength. This study confirms that CaO premixing meets production requirements at 15 % O₂, thus providing data basis for improvements in the sinter flue gas recirculation rate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 107270"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143948193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable hydrogen production for ammonia from black liquor gasification integrated with modern pulp mills for carbon-neutral systems","authors":"Muhammad Naqvi ,&nbsp;Muhammad Ali Ijaz Malik ,&nbsp;Abdul-Sattar Nizami ,&nbsp;Abdul Sattar Qureshi","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107257","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107257","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change mitigation and energy security serve as significant drivers for the development of innovative sustainable technologies aimed at evaluating diverse sustainability factors to achieve efficient future energy systems. With an established infrastructure, pulp and paper mills can concurrently produce bio-chemicals, biofuels, and electricity alongside pulp and paper products utilizing waste black liquor. This study highlights key sustainability aspects of hydrogen production leading to ammonia synthesis derived from various black liquor gasification systems integrated with modern pulp mills. The study is novel as it comprehensively presents the detailed aspects of black liquor as a sustainable feedstock, emphasizing its availability as a byproduct in the pulp and paper industry, along with its environmental benefits and includes a comparison of the key sustainability aspects of green ammonia production with traditional methods. Furthermore, the paper conducts an environmental impact assessment, analyzing the implications of such integration, encompassing aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, air and water pollution, and other environmental factors. Economic viability and technological advancements are critically assessed, along with an exploration of the socio-economic and policy implications. From a technical perspective, the integrated catalytic hydrothermal gasification (CHG) system demonstrated the highest energy efficiency among studied systems but at a cost of highest additional biomass import to offset the energy deficit of the reference mill. The paper summarizes the key findings related to the sustainability aspects emphasizing its pivotal role in advancing sustainable energy transitions and reducing carbon emissions. The current study builds new knowledge on black liquor-based hydrogen production leading to ammonia synthesis to key stakeholders and contributes to understanding the potential for sustainable and environmentally friendly green chemical solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 107257"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144070081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valorization of phosphogypsum into sustainable binder in grouting engineering: Effect of polyacrylamide on slurry stability, leaching behaviour, hydration and performance","authors":"Ziyan Wang ,&nbsp;Gaoshang Ouyang ,&nbsp;Tao Sun ,&nbsp;Haoyuan Li ,&nbsp;Tingxuan Qin ,&nbsp;Liwei Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A newly discovered phosphogypsum-based excess-sulphate slag cement (PESSC), characterised by its multicomponent composition and diverse physical properties, exhibits sluggish crystallisation and hydration, resulting in inadequate slurry stability and potential toxic leaching. A water-soluble polyacrylamide polymer (PAM) effectively retained water, and adjusted the flocculent structure of PESSC, while influencing the hydration process due to its hydrolysis. Comprehensively, this study explored the slurry stability and macroscopic properties of PESSC with five levels of PAM content, assessing its practical engineering feasibility and providing rationales for selected concentrations. A significant increase in plastic viscosity and thixotropy of PESSC slurry was detected after the addition of PAM through the formation of a three-dimensional cementitious network which inhibited the water transfer and gypsum dissolution. Correspondingly, the bleeding of modified PESSC was inhibited accompanied by the advance of maximum bleeding ratio, showing greater slurry stability. However, PAM hydrolysis had an adverse influence on the initial hydration of fresh PESSC paste as the weakening of pH value development and product precipitation, but decreased the leaching toxicity. With further hydration, Ca²⁺ began to link with both the end and side groups of PAM and gradually established a connection between hydrates and PAM, enhancing the mechanical strengths. PESSC/PAM composite exhibited an impressive increase in hydration degree, where adding PAM increased both the MCL and Al/Si of crosslinked C-(A)-S-H gels. Modifying PESSC with PAM within 0.5 ‰ is deemed to meet performance and environmental requirements in engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 107238"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144069934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles on highways: Leakage diffusion characteristics and safety assessment","authors":"Bingxue Song,&nbsp;Xingyan Wang,&nbsp;Yong Kang,&nbsp;Hongxiao Li,&nbsp;Meiliang Li,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCVs), the risk of hydrogen leakage and explosion on highways urgently requires in-depth research. This study systematically analyzed the impact of leak aperture (2 mm, 4 mm, 10 mm), leakage volume (64 L, 128 L, 192 L), environmental wind speed (0–8 m/s), and obstacle layout on hydrogen diffusion and explosion consequences by constructing a three-dimensional highway accident model and integrating computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with the TNO Multi-Energy method. The results indicate that in an open environment, the greater the leak aperture and leakage volume, the lower the environmental wind speed, and the higher the density of obstacles, the more significant the increase in explosion risk. For instance, under conditions of a 10 mm aperture, 192 L leakage volume, and 0 m/s wind speed, the peak overpressure reaches 68.9 kPa, corresponding to a 90 % tympanic membrane rupture distance of 1.65 m. This study further proposes a three-tier emergency evacuation strategy (core danger zone ≤1.65 m, secondary risk zone 1.65–6.86 m, peripheral monitoring zone 6.86–15 m), which can provide a scientific basis for emergency response to hydrogen vehicle accidents on highways. The findings fill the gap in hydrogen safety assessment in open environments and are of great significance for promoting the large-scale application of hydrogen energy transportation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 107255"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143935634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geometric optimization and jet-assisted efficiency enhancement of the dust collection inlet for tunnel construction-phase wet string grid dust removal vehicle","authors":"Jiujun Cheng ,&nbsp;Shiqiang Chen ,&nbsp;Tingting Song ,&nbsp;Hao Zhou ,&nbsp;Tao Ling ,&nbsp;Xin Lu ,&nbsp;Dong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107256","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107256","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dust hazard during drilling and blasting method construction significantly impacts the working environment and occupational safety of personnel. The wet string grid dust removal vehicle, as a novel tunnel dust control device, exhibits suboptimal dust control performance at its collection inlet, with great potential for improvement. Through theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and experimental validation, the following results were obtained in this study: optimized the inlet structure to a parabolic type, with preferred geometric parameters of dimensionless diameter ratio 1.6 and dimensionless length ratio 0.4, after optimization, the pressure difference across the inlet decreased by 91.04 %, while the controlled length and disturbed volume increased by 25.03 % and 16.70 %, respectively; a jet-assisted dust collection inlet was proposed, with the critical momentum ratio determined as 0.219; when the jet velocity reached 20 m/s, the controlled length increased 2.59-fold; comparative analysis of post-blasting dust control effects revealed that the jet-assisted inlet effectively prevented dust diffusion to personnel-intensive zones, achieving a dust removal efficiency of 95.74 % at 10 m behind the vehicle. These findings provide theoretical support for optimizing dust collection inlet of the wet string grid dust removal vehicle and other dust removal equipment, as well as improving environmental conditions in construction tunnels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 107256"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144070082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of alkali roasting and leaching conditions on the recovery of rare earth elements from iron-rich mine tailings: A study using deep eutectic solvents","authors":"Shuronjit Kumar Sarker ,&nbsp;Sachin Yadav ,&nbsp;Nawshad Haque ,&nbsp;Biplob Kumar Pramanik","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107259","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107259","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reprocessing of mine tailings has gained significant attention as a sustainable approach for recovering critical minerals, including rare earth elements (REEs). While hydrometallurgical methods using mineral acids are widely studied and recognized as effective, their environmental impact remains a major concern. This study explores deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as eco-friendly alternatives for recovering REEs from Fe-rich Australian tailings. Six different DES formulations were evaluated for their leaching efficiency, and the impact of alkali roasting on recovery efficiency was assessed. Additionally, the performance of the most effective DES was compared against the commonly used mineral acids—H₂SO₄, HCl, and HNO₃. The findings identified alkali roasting with KOH at 250 °C for 30 minutes, followed by leaching with a DES composed of choline chloride (ChCl) and p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) in a 2:1 molar ratio, as the most efficient approach. This method achieved up to 95 % leaching efficiency for total rare earth elements (TREEs) and Fe, along with 94 % material dissolution—significantly outperforming other DES formulations and the three mineral acids. The superior performance of the ChCl:PTSA was attributed to KOH roasting, which enhanced REEs liberation by breaking down complex mineral matrices into simpler oxides. Furthermore, KOH roasting required less energy than conventional roasting due to its lower temperature and shorter duration. The DES-based leaching process using ChCl:PTSA offered a promising green alternative for REEs recovery from Fe-rich tailings, providing high efficiency under mild operating conditions while reducing environmental impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 107259"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143924766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}