Process Safety and Environmental Protection最新文献

{"title":"Electromembrane extraction of Cadmium (II) using a novel design of electrochemical cell with a flat sheet supported liquid membrane","authors":"Noor R. Kadhim ,&nbsp;Hussain M. Flayeh ,&nbsp;Ali H. Abbar","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current study used an electromembrane extraction (EME) method to extract Cadmium from aqueous solutions. A supported liquid membrane (SLM) connected two glass chambers in a novel electrochemical cell design. The supported liquid membrane comprises a carrier and a polypropylene flat membrane impregnated with 1-octanol. Stainless steel and graphite plates were utilized as the anode and cathode, respectively. Cadmium was forced to travel through SLM during the removal process, which was done using an electric field. Effective parameters were examined with an interpretation of their influence on the removal efficiency of cadmium, including the kind of carrier, applied voltage, initial pH of the donor, and initial concentration of cadmium. Tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP) and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (DEHP) were the two carriers that were employed. Based on the results, the applied voltage is the main factor that raises the cadmium mass rate across the membrane. Under ideal circumstances, 1.0 % v/v bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate in 1-octanol, 60 V applied voltage, pH of 5, initial cadmium level of 15 mg/L, 6 hours, and 1000 rpm stirring rate resulted in a removal efficacy of 90 %. The removal efficiency rose from 50 % at zero voltage to 90 % at 60 V in contrast with no voltage applied, confirming the potential use of EME in removing heavy metals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 107035"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on the effect of thermal radiation on the performance and temperature of PEM electrolyzer stacks","authors":"Tao Du ,&nbsp;Changjian Wang ,&nbsp;Yunbo Xu ,&nbsp;Hongsheng Ma ,&nbsp;Yang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The thermal runaway and membrane degradation of proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer stacks may be induced by the thermal radiation. The effect of thermal radiation on both the performance characteristics and temperature distribution of the PEM electrolyzer stack is experimentally investigated using the constant current method. The performance evaluation and optimization strategies for stacks under the extreme thermal radiation are clarified. The results indicate that the drop in stack voltage is induced by the loading of thermal radiation. At a heat flux of 6.2 kW/m², the maximum voltage drop ratio reaches 5.56 %. The average conductivity of the thermal radiation group is 0.24 µS/cm higher than that of the control group at a water flow rate of 60 mL/min. Thus, the thermal radiation is found to accelerate the degradation of the PEM. In the water starvation test, the voltage runaway of the stack is aggravated by the thermal radiation, resulting in the fifth cell voltage reaching 8.91 V. Moreover, an increase in the water flow rate or the loading of a wind field can be effective measures to improve the temperature uniformity. However, when the inlet water temperature exceeds 50 ℃, the improvement effect of the wind field is limited.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 107037"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple components synergistic separation and high-efficiency lithium extraction from spent lithium ion battery","authors":"Xue Yuan ,&nbsp;Tao Jiang ,&nbsp;Chenlong Duan ,&nbsp;Yaqun He ,&nbsp;Haifeng Wang ,&nbsp;Guangwen Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recycling of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion battery is a significant work from the viewpoint of resource recycling and environmental protection. High-efficiency liberation of cathode materials and lithium extraction is a key point to improve the recycling efficiency. A novel recycling flowchart of organic pyrolysis combined with in-situ thermal-reduction of spent cathode material has been proposed in this study, which realizes the synergistic separation of multiple components and the in-situ reduction of spent LiNi_0.5Co_0.2Mn_0.3O₂ material. The reduction mechanism of electrode materials was revealed by test analysis, which indicates organic binders paly the most important role in the thermal-reduction of spent ternary cathode material. After organic pyrolysis, electrode material dissociation combined with selective lithium extraction was realized by water impact crushing. The liberation efficiency of cathode material is up to 98.56 % while 40.80 % of lithium can be simultaneously extracted in the water impact crushing process. Afterwards, thermal reduction with only 10 % carbon as reductant can recycle another 54.93 % lithium. The comprehensive recycling efficiency of lithium is up to 95.73 % in this study, which is significantly higher than that of direct carbon thermal reduction roasting. This study provides a novel recycling flowchart of spent lithium-ion battery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 107038"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143675597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the application of solid waste-derived reactive powder in engineered cementitious composites (ECC) and micro-mechanisms","authors":"Hubiao Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuling Gao ,&nbsp;Longbang Qing","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ultra-high-ductility engineered cementitious composites (ECC) face application limitations in infrastructure due to high costs and energy consumption. This study introduces recycled powder (RP) to reduce ECC production costs and environmental impact, developing a PVA fiber-reinforced economical ECC (Eco-ECC). The compressive, tensile, and flexural properties of Eco-ECC were investigated through nine different RP replacement levels, analyzing its load-bearing capacity and ductility variations. Through XRD, SEM, and BSE-EDS analyses, this study establishes the correlation between the macroscopic behavior and microscopic properties of Eco-ECC, revealing the interfacial mechanism between PVA fibers and the matrix. Special attention is given to the effects of RP content on PVA fiber bridging ability, fiber-matrix interfacial bond strength, and crack propagation. Results indicate that the compressive strength of Eco-ECC decreases with increasing RP content. However, when the cement content is 0.4 and the RP-to-FA ratio is 15 %:85 %, the compressive strength reaches 40.30 MPa. Tensile and flexural tests show that at a cement content of 0.2, the specimens exhibit multiple cracking in the tensile region, maintaining an ultimate tensile strain above 4.5 %, though tensile strength remains below 4 MPa. All Eco-ECC mixtures display distinct flexural hardening behavior, while increasing RP content negatively impacts cracking strength, peak deflection, and ultimate flexural strength. The optimal mix, R25–0.4, achieves a compressive strength of 33.3 MPa and a tensile strain of 3.72 %, balancing superior mechanical properties with enhanced ductility. Microstructural analysis reveals that higher RP content reduces matrix densification, leading to increased cracks, pores, and CaCO₃ deposition. Additionally, fewer hydration products accumulate on the PVA fiber surface, making it smoother and weakening fiber bridging capacity. Compared to conventional ECC, Eco-ECC demonstrates the lowest energy consumption (14.63 %), a 28.00 % reduction in CO₂ emissions, and a 32.11 % cost savings, showcasing significant sustainability advantages in energy efficiency, environmental impact, and economic feasibility. This study fills a research gap in understanding the role of RP in Eco-ECC, particularly its effects on mechanical performance and fiber-matrix interactions. However, further optimization is needed to enhance hydration activity and reinforcement mechanisms under high RP replacement levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 107033"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143675645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revolutionizing industrial park waste classification with artificial intelligence: A behavioral economics and evolutionary game theory perspective","authors":"Juan Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Industrial waste classification is vital for sustainable manufacturing; however, traditional methods face challenges such as high costs, behavioral inertia, and fragmented strategies that overlook dynamic interdepartmental collaboration. Artificial intelligence (AI) presents transformative potential to overcome these barriers, but existing studies fail to integrate behavioral economics and evolutionary dynamics, limiting their ability to stabilize compliance in diverse industrial parks. This study proposes a novel framework combining behavioral economics with evolutionary game theory (EGT) to explore AI-enhanced waste management dynamics across various industrial park types. Behavioral insights examine how cognitive biases, such as loss aversion and social proof, influence employee compliance with waste classification policies in AI-driven environments. Concurrently, EGT simulations model interdepartmental cooperation and strategy evolution in waste management. Results indicate that AI-based behavioral interventions, including real-time feedback and incentive mechanisms, increase compliance rates by 22 % and foster interdepartmental collaboration to maximize eco-efficiency. In gated industrial parks, strict regulation combined with AI-driven monitoring accelerates the stabilization of compliant behaviors, achieving equilibrium 40 % faster than traditional models. In open parks, social and moral incentives are essential, requiring a moral constraint threshold (<em>θ</em>) of 0.8 for stable compliance. A case study at Suzhou Industrial Park demonstrates a 52 % reduction in mixed waste disposal, 90 % accuracy in AI-driven classification, and a 30 % reduction in policy costs, underscoring the framework’s scalability. This study provides actionable insights for policymakers and industry leaders seeking to optimize waste management in diverse regulatory environments and highlights AI’s transformative role in promoting sustainable manufacturing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 107043"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D Bismuth oxyhalide flowers intertwined 1D graphitic carbon fibers catalyst: A disposable electrochemical sensor for the detection of carcinogenic 3,3′,5,5′-Tetrabromobisphenol A in water samples","authors":"Thangavelu Sakthi Priya ,&nbsp;Tse-Wei Chen ,&nbsp;Shen-Ming Chen ,&nbsp;Wei-Ching Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>3,3′,5,5′-Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBPA) is a common flame retardant in electronics and plastics, presenting ecological and health risks due to its persistence, bioaccumulation, and endocrine-disrupting effects. Its resistance to degradation amplifies the environmental impact, endangering aquatic systems and human health. To address the TBPA contamination, an advanced electrochemical sensing approach has developed utilizing a functional electrocatalyst. This method employs a hydrophobic bismuth oxychloride (BOC) and carbon nanofiber (CNF) electro-composite for precise and efficient TBPA detection. Physicochemical characterization was conducted using various spectroscopic techniques. The fabricated BOC/CNF electrocatalyst is applied to modify the screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE). Electrochemical performances were evaluated through impedance and various voltammetric techniques. Consequently, our sensor displayed a low detection limit (0.005 µM), low quantification limit (0.017 µM), good linear range (0.01–447 µM), and optimal sensitivity (4.738 µA µM^–1 cm^–2). Then, this sensor monitored the TBPA in various water samples and achieved astonishing recovery results. These outcomes suggest that our BOC/CNF-based electrochemical sensor is a promising platform for the detection of TBPA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 107032"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143675598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Closely packed CoS2/MoS2 nanoarray synthesized from MOF for overall water splitting","authors":"Tianpeng Wen ,&nbsp;Ziheng Liu ,&nbsp;Lei Yuan ,&nbsp;Xinxin Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water splitting enables efficient conversion of renewable energy storage with great potential for performance improvement. Therefore, the development of economic and high-performance electrocatalysts is crucial. This work proposed a strategy that the tightly packed CoS₂/MoS₂ heterostructure was synthesized on carbon paper as a bimetallic electrocatalyst for water splitting applications. Electrochemical test results present that CoS₂@MoS₂/CP has excellent catalytic activity and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) overpotentials of 135 mV and 348 mV were achieved in 1 M KOH. Two-electrode water splitting device anode and cathode were fabricated using CoS₂@MoS₂/CP. When the current density is 10 mA·cm⁻², the cell voltage is only 1.51 V. The 10-h long-term durability test exhibited that its stability is better than most reported non-precious metal electrocatalysts. This work provides a new research route for preparing efficient and stable electrocatalysts for better applications in water splitting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 107028"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel method to recover NaCl from molten salt chlorination residue and recycle NaCl back into molten salt chlorination process in TiCl4 production: Based on phase diagrams analysis","authors":"Yufeng Guo,&nbsp;Yu Zheng,&nbsp;Feng Chen,&nbsp;Shuai Wang,&nbsp;Lingzhi Yang,&nbsp;Hao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>TiCl₄ is the significant intermediate to produce high-end titanium materials. Molten salt chlorination is the main way to produce TiCl₄ in China. However, there is a large amount of molten salt chlorination residue (MSCR) produced during this process. The complex residue is difficult to be treated, causing serious environmental problems. To reduce environmental pollution associated with MSCR and recycle NaCl in the molten salt chlorination process, a novel process of phase transition to recover gaseous NaCl from MSCR was proposed. CaCl₂ and MgCl₂ are the dominant impurities to hinder the recovery of NaCl. Thus, the influence mechanism of CaCl₂ and MgCl₂ and improvements in the recovery of NaCl were systematically investigated in this work, including the thermodynamic phase diagrams analyses, the effects of additive of Na₂SiO₃ and temperature. As a result, sodium magnesium silicate and sodium calcium silicate were prohibited to generate and the recovery efficiency of NaCl was promoted along with the increasing activity of NaCl. The recovery efficiency of NaCl is 94.36 % and the content of NaCl in the gaseous product is 99.96 % at 1200℃ when n(CaCl₂+MgCl₂): n(Na₂SiO₃) = 1:1. This method successfully realizes the harmless treatment of MSCR and the recovery of sodium chloride.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 107024"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automatic assessment of fuel load and fire risk via digitized database and intelligent computer vision","authors":"Yifei Ding ,&nbsp;Rong Deng ,&nbsp;Yuxin Zhang ,&nbsp;Xinyan Huang ,&nbsp;Negar Elhami-Khorasani ,&nbsp;Thomas Gernay","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fuel load assessment is essential to evaluate fire hazard and risk in fire engineering design for infrastructure, safety management, and firefighting operations. This study introduces an intelligent method to automatically assess indoor fuel load and fire safety by leveraging a digitized fuel load database and computer vision. First, a well-trained fuel recognition AI model automatically estimates the fuel load through image segmentation and classification. Next, fire hazard is predicted based on a parametric temperature-time model to evaluate fire safety and risk. The AI-aided assessment tool is open-access in a web application for free and real-time operation by feeding images from surveillance cameras and 360 panoramic cameras. A case study in an open office demonstrates the smart fuel load assessment achieving an agreement of above 94%, compared to the digitized survey method. Based on the AI-predicted fuel load, the estimated fire duration and maximum gas temperature are 32% and 13% higher, respectively, than the code-based assessments. Moreover, a fire risk heatmap is auto-generated to visualize the spatial distribution of high-load fuels and potential fire spread hazards. This automatic method enhances the accessibility, convenience, and cost-effectiveness of fuel load assessment while ensuring commendable accuracy. The application of this AI tool enables more accurate predictions of fire behavior, thereby supporting smart firefighting strategies and more effective emergency response.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 107031"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143675599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why does the industry need battery safety management system (BSMS)?","authors":"Reimundo Shabana,&nbsp;Zaman Sajid,&nbsp;Dhananjay Swamy,&nbsp;Md. Tanjin Amin,&nbsp;Faisal Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enhancing battery safety is a matter of efficient risk management, which involves identifying key risk factors, monitoring them, and developing strategies to control and mitigate their impact. Among these risks, thermal runaway caused by various abuse types (e.g., electrical, mechanical and thermal), eventually leading to fire and explosion, are the most significant and can potentially cause catastrophic implications. Recently, there has been an increase in the frequency and severity of battery-related accidents. To build public trust in large-scale battery-based systems, including electric vehicles, the industry must demonstrate that they have developed robust systems that identify and manage safety similar to the hydrocarbon and chemical industries. The industry uses battery management systems (BMS) to maintain battery operation and safety. In the authors’ view, these BMS have limited capability to maintain battery safety. The BMS is designed to provide longer, stable battery life and efficient operation. It can help in some safety aspects, such as thermal management; however, it cannot be considered a safety mechanism. It is like the foot pedal brake of a car, which is an operational feature since it is designed to allow the driver to drive the vehicle. This paper provides the authors’ perspective on why we need a dedicated battery safety management system (BSMS) in addition to BMS to manage the safety of battery systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 107029"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}