Hua Long , He-yu Xu , Cheng-bin Mao , Bei Wang , Jun-na Xu , Jie Zhu , Ya-yun Ma
{"title":"Process and mechanism of extracting valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries with a mixed organic acid","authors":"Hua Long , He-yu Xu , Cheng-bin Mao , Bei Wang , Jun-na Xu , Jie Zhu , Ya-yun Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The valuable metals recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) can achieve resource utilization and reduce environmental pollution. In this study, a mixed organic acid composed of acetic acid and ascorbic acid was used to extract valuable metals from the cathode material of spent ternary LIBs, and the leaching process and mechanism were studied. Based on the leaching results, the leaching efficiencies of Ni, Co, Mn and Li were 95.9 %, 95.3 %, 96.6 % and 97.6 % under optimal leaching conditions, respectively. A kinetic study revealed that the leaching processes of Ni, Co, Mn and Li all conformed to the Avrami reaction model with the apparent activation energies of 75.0, 75.3, 72.8 and 43.6 kJ/mol, respectively, which belonged to control of chemical reactions. Valuable metal ions undergo coordination reactions with carboxyl groups in mixed organic acid to form acetate salt and ascorbate during the leaching process. In a mixed organic acid system, ascorbic acid could not only reduce high-valence nickel, cobalt and manganese to soluble divalent ions, but also synergistically dissolve with acetic acid to promote metal ions into the solution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 107072"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Causal relationship analysis and risk assessment of contributing factors in coal mine ordinary accidents: A case study (2002–2023)","authors":"Chenhui Yuan, Gui Fu , Jiangshi Zhang, Yongtun Li, Meng Han, Yuxuan Lu, Jinkun Zhao, Zhirong Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Systematically analyzing accident causes and identifying causal pathways is essential for eliminating accident triggers and effectively managing risks. This study conducted an in-depth analysis of 386 coal mine ordinary accident cases from 2002 to 2023, covering six major types of accidents: object striking, vehicle injury, mechanical injury, high falling, roof falling, and other injuries. The accident causation model-24Model, grounded theory, association rule mining, and Bayesian networks were integrated in this study, enabling a thorough exploration of internal causal relationships and the assessment of risk profiles. The main findings are as follows: Accident causes are categorized into four primary dimensions—safety culture, safety management system, safety capability, and unsafe acts/conditions—from which 75 factors are identified. Employing the Apriori algorithm, 78 association rules are extracted, revealing the causal logic between six types of accidents and their respective contributing factors. Based on these findings, a Bayesian network is constructed, and through conditional probability analysis and local sensitivity analysis, six probability-sensitivity risk matrices are developed, enabling the classification of factors into different risk levels for each accident scenario. A tiered prevention strategy is designed to address these risk levels. An accident prevention system is proposed, guided by safety culture, integrated into the management system, enhanced individual safety capabilities, and strengthened behavior control processes. Additionally, a three-line of defense risk management mechanism is introduced, providing a systematic, data-driven framework for safety management and accident prevention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 107065"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lingli He , Cangyuan Dong , Li Zhang , Yu Yan , Xiaochun Wang , Hailiang Yang , Feiyue Qian
{"title":"Impacts of packed bed configuration on nitrate removal efficiency and microbial spatial distribution in solid-phase denitrification of partial nitritation/anammox granular reactor effluent","authors":"Lingli He , Cangyuan Dong , Li Zhang , Yu Yan , Xiaochun Wang , Hailiang Yang , Feiyue Qian","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nitrate residues pose challenges to the application of the partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A) process in treating ammonium-rich wastewater. This study aimed to develop multilayer packed beds comprising poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-cohyroxyvelate (PHBV) particles and volcanic rocks to facilitate efficient nitrate reduction from the effluent of a PN/A granular reactor via solid-phase denitrification (SPD). The results indicated that when the influent concentration of ammonium-nitrogen was 300 mg/L, the SPD packed beds with a 60 % PHBV packing ratio completely eliminated the nitrate generated in the PN/A reactor without excessive organic release. Consequently, the combined processes achieved a stable nitrogen removal efficiency of 97.2 ± 2.3 %. The SPD packed bed configuration significantly affected both the nitrate removal behavior and biomass spatial distribution. High-throughput sequencing and functional gene predictions related to carbon and nitrogen metabolism revealed that the PHBV biofilm effectively drove the hydrolysis of solid carbon sources for denitrification, with synergistic effects between hydrolytic bacteria (<em>Clostridium_sensu_stricto_7</em>, <em>Sporomusaceae</em>, and <em>Sporomusaceae</em>) and denitrifiers (<em>Comamonadaceae</em>, <em>Rhodocyclaceae</em> and <em>Thauera</em>). Moreover, the biofilm attached to the volcanic rocks was crucial in reducing nitrate and organic carbon within the SPD packed beds, which were enriched in denitrifying genes. These findings facilitate combining PN/A and SPD processes to treat ammonium-rich wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 107075"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yehao Huang , Jia Yao , Bowen Yu , Longyu Zhang , Xiangyu Song , Weijun Peng
{"title":"Enhancing separation of chalcopyrite and molybdenite via ozone micro-nano bubble oxidation and flotation","authors":"Yehao Huang , Jia Yao , Bowen Yu , Longyu Zhang , Xiangyu Song , Weijun Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chalcopyrite and molybdenite present challenges in flotation separation due to their similar floatability. In this study, ozone micro-nano bubble was employed to oxidize chalcopyrite and molybdenite, altering their surface properties to facilitate them separation via flotation. The flotation results demonstrated a significant reduction in the recovery of chalcopyrite through ozone micro-nano bubble oxidation, while molybdenite remained unaffected. The concentrates with the Mo recovery remained steady at 84 % and Cu recovery below 9 % were achieved in flotation experiments of the artificially mixed ores with various mass ratios of chalcopyrite and molybdenite. Analysis of the results from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), zeta potential, and contact angle measurements indicated that the surface of chalcopyrite was oxidized to form metal oxides and hydroxides after ozone micro-nano bubble oxidation, thereby decreasing its floatability. In contrast, the oxidation products of molybdenite dissolved in the pulp, preserving its original surface and floatability. Additionally, experimental results confirmed that micro-nano bubbles exhibited superior oxidation effectiveness and rate than those of conventional bubbles. In summary, ozone micro-nano bubble oxidation presented a promising green alternative to traditional depressants for the efficient separation of copper and molybdenum sulfide ore.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 107064"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fadl A. Essa , Ali Basem , H.Y. Gadallah , Mahmoud S. El-Sebaey , Wissam H. Alawee , Hasan Sh. Majdi , Z.M. Omara
{"title":"Experimental multifaceted approach for enhance pyramidal solar still productivity: Tracking, corrugated absorber, reflectors, external condenser, and phase change material integration","authors":"Fadl A. Essa , Ali Basem , H.Y. Gadallah , Mahmoud S. El-Sebaey , Wissam H. Alawee , Hasan Sh. Majdi , Z.M. Omara","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study enhances the performance of pyramid solar still by incorporating a vertically positioned, triangular-shaped absorber with a single-axis solar tracking mechanism. This innovation, combined with a flat and corrugated vertical absorber covered by burlap covers to reduce water content and accelerate evaporation, rear mirror to maximize solar energy capture, fan to expedite steam removal, and a composite layer of phase changing material and silver nanoparticles to augment thermal performance. The study demonstrated significant productivity enhancements for various modified solar still with triangular-shaped absorber configurations compared to reference pyramid distiller. The modified pyramid distiller with triangular-shaped absorber, modified pyramid distiller with corrugated triangular-shaped absorber, and modified pyramid distiller with corrugated triangular-shaped absorber and tracking exhibited substantial productivity gains of 32 %, 61 %, and 102 %, respectively. Further improvements were observed with the integration of reflectors and tracking, achieving a 130 % increase in productivity for the modified pyramid distiller with corrugated triangular-shaped absorber and reflectors. Notably, the implementation of an external condenser led to an additional 50 % productivity increase. The incorporation of phase change material in the modified pyramid distiller with corrugated triangular-shaped absorber, and reflectors resulted in the highest productivity, reaching 10400 mL/m²/day, representing a 166 % increase over PSS. Concurrently, the energy efficiency of modified solar still with triangular absorber (39.6 %), modified solar still with corrugated triangular absorber (44.2 %), tracked modified solar still with corrugated triangular absorber (49 %), modified solar still with corrugated triangular absorber and reflector (50.5 %), modified solar still with corrugated triangular absorber, reflector and fan (59 %), and modified solar still with corrugated triangular absorber, reflector and PCM (57 %). The thermal exergy efficiency of the distiller with a tracked corrugated absorber was found to be approximately 2.96 %, 3.2 %, 3.6 %, and 3.45 % for the configurations of modified pyramid distiller with corrugated triangular-shaped absorber, modified pyramid distiller with corrugated triangular-shaped absorber and reflectors, modified pyramid distiller with corrugated triangular-shaped absorber, reflectors and condenser, and modified pyramid distiller with corrugated triangular-shaped absorber, reflectors and phase change material, respectively. The results underscore the cost-effectiveness of the proposed design enhancements, with the modified pyramid distiller with corrugated triangular-shaped absorber, reflectors and condenser achieving a 31.5 % reduction in production costs compared to the traditional distiller.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 107061"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chenlong Wei , Huihui Qiao , Jiayu Fang , Xuexiang Wang , Jun Wen , Peng Tong
{"title":"Recovery of high-purity rhenium resources from W-Mo-Re alloy scraps by two-stage low-temperature oxidation volatilization","authors":"Chenlong Wei , Huihui Qiao , Jiayu Fang , Xuexiang Wang , Jun Wen , Peng Tong","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rhenium in the waste of tungsten-molybdenum-rhenium alloy has high value, but there are problems such as low purity and low recovery rate in recovering rhenium from the waste of tungsten-molybdenum-rhenium alloy. To effectively solve these problems, this article uses a combination of high-temperature pyrometallurgy and secondary low-temperature oxidation volatilization to effectively extract fine-grained rhenium oxide from tungsten-molybdenum-rhenium alloy scrap. The composition and microstructure of the recovered material were analyzed by SEM, XRD, and ICP. The results showed that when the temperatures of the three-zone tube furnace were set to 800°C, 380°C, and 150°C, the content of rhenium oxide in the recovered material from the concentrated precipitate reached 97 %, the content of molybdenum oxide was about 2.3 %, and no tungsten oxide was detected. The material in the concentrated deposition area is oxidized and volatilized at a low temperature of 450°C, resulting in a high purity of 99.95 % and a recovery rate of 82.7 % for Re<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>. It can be seen that the high-temperature pyrometallurgical method combined with the secondary low-temperature oxidation volatilization method is simple and the recovered rhenium oxide has high purity and excellent performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 107056"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Géssica O.S. Santos , Cristina Sáez , Marcos R.V. Lanza , Manuel A. Rodrigo
{"title":"Treatment of limonene-polluted air streams by sequential GAC adsorption and electrochemically H2O2-based oxidation: Challenges and perspectives","authors":"Géssica O.S. Santos , Cristina Sáez , Marcos R.V. Lanza , Manuel A. Rodrigo","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sequenced granular activated carbon (GAC)–oxidation process stands out as an advanced treatment that combines the adsorption ability of GAC to capture contaminants with a subsequent oxidation step to degrade or transform these pre-adsorbed into less toxic or added-value products. With this two-step treatment it is possible to extend GAC’s service life and enhances process sustainability. However, research gap remains regarding its application for non-polar gaseous pollutants and the use of electrogenerated oxidants in the oxidation step. To address this, a case study was conducted using limonene (LIM), a non-polar, hydrophobic volatile organic compound common found in indoor air and industrial products. Here, LIM-polluted gaseous streams were treated using a fixed-bed setup, followed by oxidation with electrochemically produced hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>). Initial tests showed that LIM in aqueous solutions was not efficiently degraded by H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> alone, but radical oxidation, promoted by H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> activation by UVC light or O<sub>3</sub>, improved reactivity. On GAC, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> unexpectedly proved effective due to interactions with free radicals, though UVC irradiation provided minimal additional improvement. In contrast, the addition of ferrocene (Fc), a promising heterogeneous catalyst, significantly enhanced degradation, achieving removal efficiencies up to 35 % in neutral media. This improvement was attributed the Fc-mediated activation within GAC. Eight different intermediates were identified, supporting an oxidation mechanism that varies between technologies. Overall, characterization revealed minimal structural changes in GAC post-treatment. BET analysis showed slight surface area variations for UVC and Fc/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> processes, but a decrease in 69 % for H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> alone, and a 24.4 % increase for UVC/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 107054"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guohao Zhang , Cailing Wang , Hongwei Wang , YU Tao
{"title":"Advanced deep learning model for predicting water pollutants using spectral data and augmentation techniques: A case study of the Middle and Lower Yangtze River, China","authors":"Guohao Zhang , Cailing Wang , Hongwei Wang , YU Tao","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deep learning has demonstrated significant advantages in managing nonlinear relationships within high-dimensional spectral data, making it widely applicable in water quality monitoring. However, the variety of model selection and construction strategies has resulted in substantial fluctuations in predictive performance, particularly with high-dimensional data. This study constructs an integrated deep learning framework for predicting water pollutant concentrations, incorporating several key modules including data preprocessing, frequency decomposition, feature enhancement, sample augmentation, and decoder regression prediction. In the established model, an improved wavelet transform algorithm is first employed to address the issue of original data being unable to effectively distinguish detailed features, thereby accurately extracting the periodicity and volatility characteristics of the data. Secondly, an encoder module based on the Informer architecture enhances various frequency domain features and further improves the quality of features and their correlation with labels through distillation techniques. Subsequently, an improved generative adversarial network is introduced to tackle the problem of small sample data by effectively augmenting the limited dataset, thereby enhancing the overall quality of the dataset. Finally, a decoder module combining an optimization algorithm and an improved convolutional neural network (IMCPSO-RCNN) effectively addresses the shortcomings of traditional models in hyperparameter optimization and predictive performance, achieving efficient and accurate regression prediction of pollutant concentrations. A case study in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River shows that this model outperforms others in prediction accuracy, achieving coefficients of determination (R²) of 0.9785, 0.9733, and 0.9741 for TN, COD, and TP, respectively. The root mean square error (RMSE) values are 0.0601, 0.6248, and 0.0023, while the mean absolute error (MAE) scores are 0.0252, 0.2810, and 0.0006, respectively. The necessity and effectiveness of each model component are validated through ablation experiments. This research offers an efficient and unified deep learning solution for monitoring water pollutants.</div></div><div><h3>Synopsis</h3><div>This deep learning framework enhances water quality monitoring by accurately predicting pollutant concentrations, informing environmental policy and water system management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 107058"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guangyu Liu , Xinxin Fan , Cailin Wang , Xuefeng Zhao , Lan Meng , Qihui Hu , Yuxing Li
{"title":"Study on the pitting corrosion behavior of X65 steel in supercritical and dense-phase CO2 based on in-situ electrochemical noise measurement","authors":"Guangyu Liu , Xinxin Fan , Cailin Wang , Xuefeng Zhao , Lan Meng , Qihui Hu , Yuxing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is a lack of electrochemical measurements and analysis in supercritical and dense-phase CO<sub>2</sub> environments due to the difficulty in conducting in-situ electrochemical tests. This study constructed a novel in-situ electrochemical noise (EN) testing system for supercritical and dense-phase CO<sub>2</sub> corrosion, and the influences of water content and phase state on the corrosion kinetics of pipeline steel were investigated. The results show that metastable pitting and stable pitting coexisted to dominate localized corrosion in supercritical conditions, while stable pitting predominated in dense-phase environments. The differences in pitting corrosion mechanism were further analyzed by the SEM and 3D profilometer characterizations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 107060"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}