Process Safety and Environmental Protection最新文献

{"title":"In-depth analysis of the synergistic effects of red mud, circulating fluidized bed fly ash and desulfurization gypsum in the preparation of foam lightweight soil: Reaction mechanism, performance optimization and carbon emission analysis","authors":"Jiarui Gu ,&nbsp;Yujie Shao ,&nbsp;Chao Wei ,&nbsp;Zinuo Tian ,&nbsp;Zengqi Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaoming Liu ,&nbsp;Junyong Wang ,&nbsp;Lilei Zhu ,&nbsp;Chunjiang Wang ,&nbsp;Jianying Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.108029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.108029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Foam lightweight soil (FLS) is a kind of porous lightweight engineering material with low density, high fluidity, and controllable strength. It is widely used in civil engineering in the fields of filling, roadbed reinforcement, and slope support. This study developed a novel FLS through synergistic utilization of red mud (RM), circulating fluidized bed fly ash (CFA), and desulfurized gypsum (DG). The response surface method (RSM) was used to design 16 sets of experiments and to predict the mechanical properties of the FLS. Moreover, the reaction mechanisms, compound synergistic effects and carbon emissions of the solid wastes were analyzed in depth. The results revealed that when the RM dosage was less than 50 %, the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of FLS tended to increase and then decreased with increasing CFA dosage and decreasing DG dosage. The prediction result of the RSM indicated that the 7 d and 28 d UCS of FLS can be more than 1.8 MPa and 2.1 MPa, respectively, at solid waste doses greater than 50 %. Microanalysis revealed that the UCS of FLS was influenced by both the hydration products and the pore structure. Too much RM incorporation leads to more macropores and connecting pores in FLS, which is not conducive to strength. In addition, the carbon emission and social cost of carbon of the FLS were approximately 45.476 kgCO₂/m³ and 2.85$, respectively. A comparison of results from other studies revealed that each cubic meter of FLS reduces <span><math><msub><mrow><mtext>E</mtext></mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>CO</mtext></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></msub></math></span> and SCC by approximately 75.2∼86.7 % while ensuring that the performance meets the required engineering requirements. This paper provides a theory for the preparation of solid waste-based FLS in roadbed filler and slope support.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 108029"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145333233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiscale design and regeneration of recyclable hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent for efficient Pb2 + extraction via Cl⁻ coordination","authors":"Jun Gao ,&nbsp;Nan Li ,&nbsp;Dongmei Xu ,&nbsp;Lianzheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Yixin Ma ,&nbsp;Yinglong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.108032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.108032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water contamination with lead (II) (Pb²⁺) poses risks to human health and ecosystems, necessitating sustainable and efficient remediation strategies. This study developed recyclable hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (HDESs) for high-efficiency Pb²⁺ extraction, integrating COSMO-SAC predictions, density functional theory (DFT), and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to unravel extraction mechanisms. Four DESs were prepared using Aliquat 336 (hydrogen bond acceptor, HBA) paired with decanoic acid, 1-decanol, DL-menthol, or thymol (hydrogen bond donors, HBDs) at a 1:1 molar ratio. The theoretical analyses revealed that thymol-based HDES exhibited superior binding stability with Pb²⁺ via Cl^- coordination, while maintaining robust HBA-HBD interactions. The experimental optimization identified thymol-Aliquat 336 HDES as the optimal extractant, achieving the extraction efficiency of 98.66 % for Pb²⁺ with an initial concentration of 100 μg/mL in the aqueous solution under the following conditions: <em>T</em> = 298.15 K, pH = 1, HBA:HBD = 1:1 molar ratio, and mass ratio of 1:1. After the 5th regeneration cycle using back-extraction with 1 mol/L HCl, the HDES thymol-Aliquat 336 achieved an extraction efficiency of 74.92 %. FTIR and interaction energy analyses confirmed the reversibility of Cl^--Pb²⁺ coordination and the stability of HBD-HBA hydrogen bonding during regeneration. This work advances DES design by coupling multiscale simulations with process investigation, offering a green, cost-effective solution for Pb²⁺ removal with significant potential for industrial application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 108032"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145333232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects and mechanisms of exogenous carbon addition on organic carbon pools in petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil","authors":"Yang Li ,&nbsp;Xin Huang ,&nbsp;Chuan Huang ,&nbsp;Liao Wang ,&nbsp;Sergei Sokolov ,&nbsp;Xiang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.108020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.108020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The problem of soil petroleum hydrocarbon pollution caused by the extensive use of petroleum and its products needs to be solved urgently. As a biostimulation, the addition of glucose can increase the number of microorganisms and improve the activity of petroleum degrading bacteria. However, there are few reports on the effects of glucose on different fractions of organic carbon in polluted soils. Low, medium and high concentrations of glucose (50 %, 100 % and 300 % soil microbial biomass carbon) were added to petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil. The response law and microbiological mechanism of soil organic carbon components to glucose input were revealed by the isotope tracing technique and high-throughput sequencing technology. The increase of stable soil organic carbon fractions was found due to the carbon turnover of glucose mediated by microorganisms. The addition of glucose resulted in a decrease in the particulate organic carbon pool and an increase in the mineral-associated organic carbon pool. The results of isotope tracer technique showed that glucose addition increased the δ¹³C value of soil organic carbon from −10.76 ‰ to 84.11 ‰ −858.18 ‰. High concentration of glucose addition would lead to more glucose to the stable carbon pool. Microbial communities and functions analysis showed that Bacillus was a pioneer genus activated by glucose, and the relative abundance reached 25.97 % on the 0th day in the high concentration group. Compared with other functional genes involved in carbon metabolism, the gene bglX encoding β-glucosidase had the highest abundance in the high concentration group.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 108020"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145333166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Explosion propagation characteristics of gas and air under segmented distribution in sealed pipelines","authors":"Yansen Lu ,&nbsp;Xiaoxing Zhong ,&nbsp;Tengfei Chen ,&nbsp;Qiu Zhong ,&nbsp;Puchun Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.108027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.108027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In confined mine roadways, gas and air commonly form a segmented distribution. To investigate the characteristics of explosion propagation under such conditions, experiments were conducted with varying air and gas segment lengths and different gas concentrations, using a self-designed explosion propagation simulation system. Flame propagation behavior, peak overpressure, and explosion mechanisms under uniform and segmented gas and air distributions were systematically investigated. Results show that, under gas and air segmented distribution, flame propagation undergoes four distinct stages: spherical, finger-shaped, planar, and tulip-shaped. When the air segment is longer than the gas segment, the flame front cannot reach the sealed end due to insufficient fuel. Within a certain range (0.5–1.5 m), increasing air segment length delays the effect of reflected pressure waves on the flame front, weakening suppression and increasing propagation distance. Longer gas segments and higher gas concentrations result in more combustible gas, extending flame propagation. Furthermore, due to the oxygen replenishment effect from the air segment, increasing gas concentration within the 8 %-11 % range continuously raises the peak overpressure at the closed end, with 11 % producing higher values than 9.5 % and 8 %. The findings provide a valuable reference for assessing the risk of methane explosions in sealed mine roadways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 108027"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145333106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yeast extract as a double-edged sword in microbial induced carbonate precipitation for copper remediation: Unraveling the nutrient - ligand dilemma","authors":"Zijia Zhang ,&nbsp;Keqiang Zhou ,&nbsp;Zijing Lu ,&nbsp;J. Viridiana Garcia-Meza ,&nbsp;Zhenbin Wu ,&nbsp;Ling Xia ,&nbsp;Xiheng Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.108028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.108028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) is a promising strategy for heavy metal remediation, yet the role of organic nutrients in modulating metal sequestration remains underexplored. This study systematically investigates the dual functionality of yeast extract (YE) in MICP for copper (Cu²⁺) removal, focusing on its interplay as a nutrient source and a competing ligand. A highly ureolytic and Cu²⁺-tolerant strain, <em>Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus</em> SX1, isolated from copper tailings, was employed to evaluate YE's concentration-dependent effects. Results revealed that YE (0–2.0 g/L) enhanced SX1 growth and Cu²⁺ tolerance, while 3.0 g/L inhibited growth due to nutrient imbalance. Paradoxically, Cu²⁺ removal efficiency inversely correlated with YE concentration, declining from 62.8 % (1.0 g/L YE) to 6.8 % (3.0 g/L YE). Mineralogical analyses (XRD, FT-IR, XPS) identified Cu₂(OH)₂CO₃ precipitation as the dominant mechanism at 1.0–2.0 g/L YE, whereas adsorption prevailed at 3.0 g/L YE. Competitive ligand exchange-adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry (CLE-ACSV) and UV–vis spectroscopy confirmed strong Cu²⁺-YE coordination (K′_CuYE = 1.2651 × 10 ¹⁰ - 1.78238 × 10 ¹⁰), which hindered carbonate mineralization. These findings highlight a critical trade-off between microbial viability and Cu²⁺ immobilization efficacy, emphasizing the necessity to optimize organic nutrient levels in MICP systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 108028"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145333171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of climate intervention technologies for sustaining cities close to oil and gas operations: A sustainability and feasibility-based decision support system under molecular fuzzy set","authors":"Abdolvahhab Fetanat ,&nbsp;Mohsen Tayebi","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.108031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.108031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As cities universally grapple with exacerbating challenges from environmental extremes such as wildfires, heat waves, air pollution, climate change, and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions, there is an urgent need for a decision support system (DSS) to provide actionable insights for policymakers and plan the mitigation of the adverse impacts of these extremes on communities. In this regard, climate intervention technologies are important and valuable technologies for sustaining cities under environmental extremes. Assessing these technologies for use as an optimal alternative is urgently needed in most of Iran's southern regions due to the proximity of cities in these regions to oil, gas, and petrochemical systems. According to, in order to optimize the use of these technologies for the studied regions, an intelligent DSS based on a systematic model, namely the Delphi-fuzzy molecular ranking (DFMORAN) model is conducted by considering the sustainability and feasibility principles of different climate intervention technologies. For implementing the DEFMORAN model, ten climate intervention technologies consisting of 1) stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI), 2) space-based geo-engineering (SBG), 3) marine cloud brightening (MCB), 4) direct air capture with carbon storage (DACCS), 5) enhanced weathering, 6) biochar, 7) afforestation and reforestation (AR), 8) bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), 9) soil carbon sequestration (SCS), 10) marine biomass and blue carbon (MBBC) are considered as decision-making alternatives. Also, an evaluation system containing 17 criteria-based sustainability and feasibility principles (economic, environmental, social, and feasibility aspects) is used. The results of this model reveal that the AR and SCS with the highest rank are proposed as the sustainable and optimal alternatives for mitigating the environmental extremes and conserving the ecosystem of the studied cities in Iran.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 108031"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145363436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on thermal exposure of pipes to steady hydrogen jet fire impingement","authors":"Ian Bradley ,&nbsp;Martin Kluge ,&nbsp;Abdel Karim Habib ,&nbsp;Giordano Emrys Scarponi","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.108017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.108017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Jet fires resulting from the accidental release of pressurized hydrogen represent a critical issue, especially due to their potential to trigger a domino effect. The lack of studies on the characterisation of the conditions experienced by, and response of, structures and process equipment directly engulfed in a hydrogen jet fire is of concern to industry. This work presents a characterisation study of a hydrogen jet fire with respect to the conditions experienced by an engulfed object. The total heat flux, along with its radiative component, was measured for hydrogen mass flow rates ranging from 0.05 to 0.2 kg/s. Heat fluxes exceeding 700 kW/m² were measured at a location that coincided with the point of jet impact. The maximum radiative fraction measured was 20 % at the back of the tube where the specimen could receive radiation from the majority of the flame plume. It is concluded that conditions within hydrogen jet fires are notably more severe than those in hydrocarbon jet fires (for which a heat flux of 350 kW/m² is considered high). This suggests that PFP systems should not be automatically assumed to provide protection against hydrogen jet fires without further research or actual test evidence of performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 108017"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145366077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collaborative resource recovery and carbon emission reduction from municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash through semi-dry carbon sequestration","authors":"Jia Qian ,&nbsp;Zukai Li ,&nbsp;Jianting Sun ,&nbsp;Shenxu Bao ,&nbsp;Fan Liu ,&nbsp;Yulong Li ,&nbsp;Lie Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.108023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.108023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study developed an efficient semi-dry carbonation process for municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (MSWIBA) to simultaneously achieve resource recovery and carbon emission reduction. The optimal carbonation conditions were established at a liquid-to-solid ratio of 0.15, temperature of 40°C, and pressure of 0.2 MPa using a simulated flue gas containing 20 % CO₂, achieving maximum carbon sequestration of 10.7 % within 12 h - equivalent to the performance obtained in pure CO₂ atmosphere within 60 min. The carbonation treatment significantly modified BA characteristics, increasing particle size while reducing sub-10μm particles, enhancing specific surface area, pore size and porosity, and transforming surface morphology through calcite formation. Concurrently, the process effectively improved heavy metal immobilization, reducing leaching concentrations to meet regulatory standards, and ensuring environmental safety for subsequent applications. When employed as supplementary cementitious material, carbonated BA demonstrated superior performance compared to untreated BA, exhibiting reduced water demand, improved workability, accelerated early hydration through nucleation effects, and enhanced pore structure via Ca(OH)₂ carbonation to form CaCO₃. These modifications collectively contributed to a significant improvement in compressive strength of cement mortar at equivalent dosages. The findings demonstrate that semi-dry carbonation effectively enhances both the carbon sequestration potential and cementitious properties of BA, establishing its viability as a sustainable alternative to conventional cement in construction applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 108023"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145333231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic SIL assessment of in-service storage tank nitrogen injection system based on barrier monitoring","authors":"Xiangcan Li ,&nbsp;Jinjiang Wang ,&nbsp;Zhenqiang Wei ,&nbsp;Wencong Ye ,&nbsp;Laibin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.108025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.108025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a critical interlocking protective barrier for large petroleum storage tanks, the nitrogen injection system prevents accidents such as leaks and explosions during oil storage and transportation. However, prolonged operation inevitably leads to component degradation. Traditional static Safety Integrity Level (SIL) assessments based on fixed failure rate parameters fail to consider operational state impacts on failure probabilities. Therefore, this paper proposes a dynamic SIL assessment method incorporating barrier monitoring data to enable real-time system performance assessment. The methodology integrates Proportional Hazards Model (PHM) with Broyden Fletcher Goldfarb Shanno (BFGS) algorithm for parameter optimization, combined with Probability of Failure per Hour (PFH) quantification to achieve continuous SIL evaluation during system operation. In a case study on the nitrogen injection system, the proposed dynamic method revealed a time overrun rate of 49.08 % when compared to the traditional static assessment. This finding indicates that the system frequently operated below the required safety levels, necessitating enhanced preventive maintenance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 108025"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145363437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a scalable adsorptive bioremediation approach for perchlorate decontamination in water resources: A step towards process safety and circularity","authors":"Rothish R. Nair ,&nbsp;Jasmin G. Russel ,&nbsp;V.R. Vaishna ,&nbsp;Jiffin Sam ,&nbsp;B. Krishnakumar ,&nbsp;K.P. Prathish","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.108021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.108021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Perchlorate contamination in water sources poses a significant environmental and public health challenge, necessitating efficient, scalable, and sustainable treatment solutions. This study presents an integrated perchlorate treatment approach that combines adsorption and bioremediation, utilizing a retrievable adsorbent substrate (RAS) system developed by imprinting a functionalized montmorillonite clay-chitosan composite (Mt-H-CTS) onto a flexible carbon cloth substrate. The RAS was designed to effectively address the challenges and limitations of conventional methods for the decontamination of toxic perchlorate ions in large volumes of water, while ensuring process safety and circularity. Batch adsorption experiments with the Mt-H-CTS and RAS modules were conducted to optimize key parameters, including pH, contact time, and sorbent dosage, achieving a maximum adsorption efficiency. The developed sorbent system demonstrated excellent perchlorate removal performance in batch-scale experiments, achieving a maximum adsorption capacity of 5 mg g⁻¹ within 45 min under neutral pH. A lab-scale pilot study with 5 L of perchlorate-contaminated water (25 mg L⁻¹) showed &gt; 98 % removal using RAS modules. Furthermore, real-water application using samples collected from a perchlorate-contaminated (5 mg L⁻¹) community pond validated the field applicability of the RAS system. These findings were incorporated, and a conceptual design and theoretical calculations for scaling up are presented to ease the lab-to-field scale applications. Moreover, the study addresses the challenges associated with spent adsorbent materials by presenting a novel approach to decontaminate perchlorate from spent sorbent (RAS) using an integrated bioremediation strategy. This approach is crucial for ensuring the economic feasibility of safe sorbent disposal while enhancing its reusability. The mechanistic perspective of better performance of ex-situ vis-à-vis in-situ bioremediation in terms of % decontamination, reusability, and faster kinetics (12 hr vis-à-vis 5 days) has been illustrated, thereby clearly unveiling the practical application potential of the developed novel RAS-coupled bioremediation strategy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 108021"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145333107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}