Process Safety and Environmental Protection最新文献

{"title":"Inhibition of sucrose dust deflagration by phosphate inhibitors based on thermodynamic studies","authors":"Guowei Chen, Kaili Xu, Jishuo Li, Bo Liu, Zhenhua Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2025.106808","url":null,"abstract":"In order to gain a systematic insight into the inhibition of sucrose dust (SD) explosions and combustion by dihydrogen phosphate (DHP), a series of inhibition experiments were conducted, covering the dust cloud minimum ignition energy (<ce:italic>MIE</ce:italic>), dust layer minimum ignition temperature (<ce:italic>MIT</ce:italic>), and overpressure. The objective is to examine the flame inhibition effect of the optimal reagent on SD explosion and combustion. The efficacy of the optimal reagent in reducing the activation energy of SD is evaluated using three distinct methods: Coats-Redfern (C-R), Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO). The results demonstrate that all three DHP inhibitors selected for investigation (NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf>H<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>PO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf>, KH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>PO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf>, and Ca(H<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>PO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf>)<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>) are capable of inhibiting SD explosion and combustion. The inhibition efficiency of NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf>H<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>PO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf> is superior to that of KH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>PO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf> and Ca(H<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>PO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf>)<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>, with improvements of 16.67 % and 28.57 % in terms of <ce:italic>MIT</ce:italic>, and 22.22 % and 30.00 % in terms of overpressure. This paper provides further insight into the mechanism of sucrose dust explosion. It is of particular importance to note that the inhibition mechanism involves the coupling of thermal propagation obstruction by DHP and the reduction of key atoms by group reaction. It is anticipated that the findings presented herein will provide valuable insights and a theoretical foundation for the development of phosphor-based flame-retardant and explosion-inhibiting materials, as well as for the prevention of SD explosion hazards.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143031458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of machine learning and molecular dynamics models for photocatalytic water decontamination","authors":"Somayeh Sohrabi, Parham Rahimi, Mohammad Khedri, Razie Heydari, Maryam Mirzaei, Asrin Bahrami, Faranak Akhlaghian, Mojtaba Taghipoor","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2025.106780","url":null,"abstract":"Efficient and sustainable water decontamination is a critical global challenge, driving the need for advanced approaches to optimize photocatalytic processes. In this study, over 1000 experiments were conducted to evaluate the degradation efficiency of various photocatalytic water decontamination approaches, resulting in a significant dataset. Furthermore, the capabilities of several machine learning models, including Polynomial Regression, Support Vector Regression (SVR), XGBoost, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), for predicting degradation efficiency were investigated. Among these, the ANN model demonstrated superior performance, achieving a Coefficient of Determination (R²) of 0.970, a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 2.70, and a Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 5.88. According to sensitivity analyses by SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method, the top three important features were the type of pollutant, its concentration, and the photocatalyst dosage. Notably, SHAP analysis indicated that CuO/TiO₂ was the most efficient photocatalyst among those studied. To further understand the underlying interactions, Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted, focusing on parameters such as radius of gyration (Rg), Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD), Solvent Accessible Surface Area (SASA), and energy profiles. The simulations revealed a high electrostatic interaction energy of −22 kJ/mol and a low RMSD of 3.95 nm, confirming a strong affinity between CuO and TiO₂, consistent with experimental observations. This integration of machine learning models with atomistic-level MD analysis establishes a novel framework for optimizing photocatalytic water decontamination and culminates in a predictive tool for forecasting degradation efficiency and enhancing sustainable remediation strategies.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143031461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The dewatering performance and mechanism of streptomycin mycelial residue based on Fenton oxidation","authors":"Linlin Xu, Xingxing Zhou, Jiaxing Du, Gan Wan, Lushi Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2025.106784","url":null,"abstract":"Streptomycin mycelial residue (SMR) derived from streptomycin production is a typical kind of antibiotic mycelial residue (AMR). Pyrolysis and incineration can completely conquer the troubles derived from the residual antibiotics and resistance gene during the recycling of antibiotic mycelial residue (AMR). However, the high-water content (usually &gt;90 %) of AMR greatly limits the application of thermochemical method. In this work, an interesting and novel try on the dewatering of SMR through Fenton conditioning was conducted. The effects of operational parameters on SMR dewaterability, evaluated by the specific resistance to filtration (SRF) and water content (WC) of filter cake, were explored. Besides, comprehensive analyses on SMR were performed to reveal the dewatering mechanism. Increasing the dosage of H<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> instead of Fe<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2+</ce:sup> was more favorable to improve oxidation capacity of Fenton system under the weak oxidizing condition. Both the strong-acid and the alkaline environments were detrimental to the function of Fenton's reagent. The SRF and WC of SMR can be reduced by 92.91 % and 20.12 % at the optimal condition of Fe<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2+</ce:sup>=50 mg/g DS, H<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>= 60 mg/g DS, pH= 3.5, and reaction time= 60 min, respectively, which can give guidance on the industrial application of Fenton technique. The oxidation efficacy of Fenton's reagent was the crucial to improve the dewaterability of SMR, which can destroy flocs/mycelium cells to release the interstitial water/intracellular bound water and construct hydrophobic channels in flocs to facilitate the further water removal. Besides, the reforming and flocculation derived from Fenton's system can also contribute to SMR dewatering.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143031460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Boosting aromatic production from pine sawdust and waste plastics co-pyrolysis via acidity tuning of HZSM-5","authors":"Changsen Zhang, Yupu Xu, Weiwei Wu, Long Ren, Panpan Liu, Tiegang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2025.106803","url":null,"abstract":"Co-pyrolysis of biomass and plastic wastes represents an appealing approach to obtain value-added aromatics and contribute to resource utilization. Herein, the boost of HZSM-5 (HZ-5) catalyst acidity on aromatics in co-pyrolysis products of pine sawdust (PW) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) was investigated. HZ-5 zeolites with varying b-axis lengths (B-HZ-5) and SiO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>/Al<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> ratios were hydrothermally prepared, while metal-loaded HZ-5 zeolites (X/B-HZ-5, X = Pd, Zn, Ni, Fe, Mg) were synthesized by wet impregnation method to tune the acidity of zeolites. Results showed that B-HZ-5(2.5) achieved aromatics selectivity (96.98 %) and BTEX selectivity (59.41 %) when SiO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>/Al<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> ratio was 50, temperature was 550 ℃, and catalyst-to-feedstock ratio was 2: 1. The proportion of p-xylene in xylene was improved to 94.82 %. Zn/B-HZ-5(2.5) raised BTEX selectivity (74.48 %) and reduced polyaromatics (PAHs) selectivity (19.88 %). The characterization results manifested that urea reduced external Bronsted acid (B-acid) concentration of HZ-5 by changing its crystal size along the b-axis, inhibiting BTEX alkylation and MAHs polymerization on the outer surface of HZ-5. A lower SiO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>/Al<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> ratio indicated more B-acid, enhancing aromatization activity. Incorporation of ZnOH<ce:sup loc=\"post\">+</ce:sup> interacted with external B-acid of B-HZ-5 to generate new Lewis acid (L-acid), which enhanced cyclization and dehydrogenation activity, inhibiting further aromatics oligomerization and reducing PAHs selectivity.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143031463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Latest advanced techniques applied to solar still configurations to enhance performance: A review","authors":"Menshawy M. Zakaria, Mohamed F.C. Esmail, Waleed A. Abdel-Fadeel, Ahmed.M. Abdel-Ghany, Essam Hares","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2025.106806","url":null,"abstract":"Solar desalination offers a sustainable solution for freshwater scarcity in the deserts of arid climate, such as in the upper part of Egypt, where an extensive solar irradiance and elevated air temperature are existing most of the year months. However, applications of solar desalination are still limited in these regions due to the low productivity of these systems. Several efforts have been done worldwide mainly to enhance productivity and performance. This article is to review and compare the latest techniques applied to several solar still configurations (i.e., single and double slopes, and pyramid) aimed to enhance productivity and performance. Solar stills with horizontal and inclined absorbers, operated passively or actively were considered in the review. These modifications are to enhance evaporation and/or condensation processes (e. g., metallic fins, black-coating, nanoparticles, sensible and latent heat storage materials, internal and external reflectors, wick absorber, magnets, cover cooling, and integrating different types of solar collectors). The survey revealed that for passive operation, the pyramid solar stills are recommended because of their high productivity. Integrating corrugated absorber coated with black paint, mixed with zeolite crystals, with a pyramid solar still may enhance the daily yield from 3 to 5 L/m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup> (conventional flat absorber) to 8–13 L/m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup>. For active operation, integrating an evacuated tube solar collector with any type of solar still can boost the productivity up to 175 %. Moreover, if the evacuated tube collector was used with a modified absorber pyramid solar still, a superior performance and productivity are expected. Such combination is essential for solving the freshwater scarcity in the desert of arid regions. This review can assist designers to select the optimum design configuration of solar still that achieves the highest productivity at the lowest cost, and suitable for rural and isolated areas.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143031462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of the effects of environmental photochemical processes of black carbon: Mechanisms, challenges, and perspective","authors":"Yujie Zhu, Botong Duan, Minli Wang, Xun Hu, Shengqiang Li, Han Gao, Yiqun Chen, Bingyu Wang, Qingqing Guan","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2025.106793","url":null,"abstract":"Black carbon (BC) is a special carbon-containing medium widely found in the environment, and its environmental photochemical behavior has been widely noticed due to its unique structure that gives it significant photochemical activity. Current studies on the characterization of BC photochemical structures, interactions with contaminants, and the effects of environmental aging have been continuously enhanced. However, the depth and breadth of studies of the environmental photochemical behavior of BC triggered by BC photochemical signatures is still far from adequate. This paper reviews the advancements in understanding BC's environmental photochemical behavior over the past decade, focusing on its photochemical composition, structural characteristics, and both qualitative and quantitative analysis methods. We also examine the environmental influences on photochemical behaviors and the mechanisms behind phenomena such as the photo-transformation of pollutants. Furthermore, we provide insights into future research directions regarding the environmental photochemical behavior of BC.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143031464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel pretreatment process for vanadium extraction: Purification and recovery of negative component calcium in vanadium-bearing steel slag","authors":"Guohua Ye, Yun Zhang, Yu Xie, Xinyue Xiang, Yiyang Rong, Changxu Song","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2025.106785","url":null,"abstract":"According to the characteristics of vanadium-bearing steel slag, a novel pretreatment process for vanadium extraction was proposed to purify and recover the negative component calcium from vanadium-bearing steel slag. This process included three procedures: Selective calcium leaching – Rapid and efficient precipitation of calcium – Simple regeneration of calcium precipitation filtrate. The scientific law of the novel process was studied systematically. The results showed that under the optimum process parameters, the leaching efficiency of calcium could reach 63.1 %, while the other components were not leached. When the dosage ratio of precipitant (NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf>)<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> was 1.2, the precipitation efficiency of Ca<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2 +</ce:sup> was nearly 100 %, and high-purity calcium carbonate could be obtained. When the pH of the calcium precipitated filtrate was adjusted to 4 first and then adjusted back to 6.4, the calcium precipitation filtrate could be simply regenerated, which had a green and saving effect. Moreover, the analysis and calculation of the ternary phase diagrams of the Ca<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>SiO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">5</ce:inf>-H<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O-NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf>Cl under different temperatures were performed, confirming that increasing temperature could promote calcium leaching reaction, and a stable product area could be formed through ammonium chloride reacting with tricalcium silicate. Meanwhile, the evolution of phases before and after calcium leaching was investigated via XRD and SEM-EDS, showing that the selective calcium leaching was essentially the destruction and disappearance of the calcium silicate phase, while the vanadium phase was exposed after calcium leaching, thus facilitating the subsequent vanadium leaching. Further, the effects of the novel process on subsequent acid-leaching vanadium were researched. The results indicated that after the novel process was used to pretreat vanadium-bearing steel slag, the leaching index and acid consumption of the subsequent vanadium leaching process were significantly increased and decreased, respectively. At the same time, the feed grade of acid-leaching vanadium was improved, the discharge of vanadium extraction tailings was reduced, and the production of acid-leaching solution with high acid and many impurities was avoided, thus the green and efficient vanadium extraction was realized effectively.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142989561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Superhydrophobic composite sponge with magnetically driven and photo-thermal conversion performance for efficient oil-water separation","authors":"Liwei Lin, Siyu Wu, Zhiqiang Ai, Minghao Pan, Changqing Wu, Wang Zhang, Zhongyu Li, Ziyao Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2025.106801","url":null,"abstract":"Facing the increasingly frequent marine oil spill incidents, it is crucial to find effective and environmentally friendly cleaning solutions. Commercial polyurethane (PU) sponges have attracted widespread attention due to their low density, recyclability, and clean, non-polluting nature. However, their inherent superhydrophilic and superoleophilic properties are not effective in addressing oil spill issues. To overcome this limitation, we propose a two-step modification of PU sponges using multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs), Fe<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf> nanoparticles (Fe<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf> NPs), and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to fabricate a multifunctional superhydrophobic composite sponge with magnetic, photothermal conversion, and flame-retardant properties. The composite sponge we developed exhibited a maximum water contact angle of 159° and maintained its superhydrophobic state for extended periods in both acidic and alkaline environments. The incorporation of CNTs and Fe<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf> NPs not only endowed the composite sponge with excellent photothermal conversion capabilities but also imparted magnetism, enabling efficient and directional oil spill treatment on the water surface. Additionally, the introduction of PDMS reduced the surface energy of the sponge and significantly enhanced its flame-retardant properties, improving the safety of oil spill handling on the ocean surface. The experimental results demonstrate that the composite sponge is suitable for various applications in complex or hazardous environments, including oil-water separation, absorption of high-viscosity oils, de-icing, and cleaning, providing a safe, clean, and pollution-free method for addressing marine oil spills.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142989255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive review of spray and ventilation technologies for coal dust control at mining faces","authors":"Jia-Ning Fan, Jun Deng, Yang Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2025.106799","url":null,"abstract":"Coal dust poses significant occupational health hazards and explosion risks in the global coal industry. Despite considerable research on dust control, a comprehensive analysis of the principles and applicability of the two main technologies, spraying and ventilation, is lacking. This review introduces the dust suppression principles and applicability of these technologies. The results show that surfactant-based sprays are associated with pollution of soil, water, and air, while magnetized spray technologies face issues such as complex preparation processes and frequent replacement of magnetic materials. Additionally, it remains difficult to efficiently control highly hydrophobic coal dust. Ventilation-based coal dust control technologies are effective in controlling the coal dust that has not been captured by spraying, and are environmentally friendly, with minimal impact from the hydrophobicity of coal dust, but they have certain limitations in dealing with extremely fine coal dust. It is recommended that subsequent research should focus on further combining spraying and ventilation coal dust control technologies to complement the advantages of the two technologies and improve the coal dust control effect. In addition, future research should focus on developing control technologies for fine coal dust to improve air quality in underground mines and protect miners' health.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143031465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of water and sediment pollution in Valea Viseu river, Romania","authors":"Thomas Dippong, Iulia Török, Claudiu Tănăselia, Maria-Alexandra Resz","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.106796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2025.106796","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of fast industrialization and urbanization, which led to an increase in the flux of certain toxic chemicals into rivers and sediments, this study employed a variety of perspectives to determine and assess levels of heavy metal and nitrogen compound pollution. The applied data analysis revealed that the Viseu river, Romania is abundant in NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">+</ce:sup> and Mn, with concentrations that surpass the maximum permissible concentrations stipulated by both national and international regulatory frameworks. In this context, pollution indices were used to assess the potential pollution degree of the river. The nitrate pollution index scores varied between 0.926 and 0.960, and the ammonium pollution index scores ranged between −0.96 and 2.64, indicating pollution of waters with nitrate and ammonium (attributable to intensive agricultural activities within the study area). Given the prevalence of industrial activities, it is notable that more than 50 % of the studied waters exhibited levels of pollution with Cu, Mn, Ni, and Zn. These findings are supported by heavy metal pollution indices scores ranging from 145 to 1578. The heavy metal content was analysed in sediments collected from Viseu river. The trend of metals varied as Al&gt;Mn&gt;Zn&gt;Cu&gt;Pb. Pollution indices indicated that 75 % of sediments are very high contaminated with Cd, and 50 % with Mn. Ecological risk index indicated that VV8 presents very high ecological risk, 50 % of samples considerable risk, and 25 % moderate ecological risk. Given the potential water contamination, a risk assessment was conducted. This entailed the evaluation of non-carcinogenic risk, conducted in two distinct scenarios (adults and children) through two exposure pathways (dermal contact and ingestion of NO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">-</ce:sup> and heavy metals subsequent to water ingestion). The findings showed that dermal exposure to Cu, Mn, Ni, and Zn posed a non-cancer risk in children (values 0.175–786) and to Mn and Cu in adults (0.6–13). With regard to the potential non-cancer risk from water consumption, adults are considered safe, but children present vulnerability (0.0006–2.53). Mitigation and risk control strategies for toxic chemicals are imperative to be developed and applied in the study area, to prevent potential hazards.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143031466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}