Process Safety and Environmental Protection最新文献

{"title":"Novel materialization and harmless treatment of copper smelting slag (CSS): Composite ferrite formation and nonferrous metals doping mechanisms","authors":"Bingbing Liu, Zhenyu Wang, Siyi Xiao, Yanfang Huang, Hu Sun, Shuzhen Yang, Wenjuan Wang, Guihong Han","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2025.107520","url":null,"abstract":"The composite ferrite materialization conversion of copper smelting slag (CSS) is an alternative approach for the value-added utilization of high-Fe-content industrial byproduct. Various Fe-bearing minerals and secondary resources, including the Fe<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>-type, Fe<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf>-type, and FeO-type, have been successfully used to prepare high-performance composite ferrite materials. In this work, a more refractory Fe<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>SiO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf>-type CSS was attempted to prepare composite ferrite through oxidizing roasting process. Firstly, the thermodynamics analysis of the Fe<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>SiO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf>-MnO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> system in oxidization atmosphere was conducted to determine the main reactions for composite ferrite formation. Then, the phase transformation, microstructure evolution, and interface element migration were investigated to determine the oxidation reconstruction of fayalite and the Cu/Zn doping behaviors in composite ferrite. The oxidized products of fayalite react with decomposed oxides of MnO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> to form composite ferrite. Importantly, it’s found that Cu and Zn in CSS occupy the original Mn (II) at the tetrahedral site within the spinel structure. The Cu/Zn doping can improve the comprehensive electromagnetic wave absorption property, and reduce the risk of heavy metal pollution through solidification within the stable composite ferrite structure. On the other hand, the released SiO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> after oxidization of fayalite combines with CaO, Al<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>, and seldom Mn oxide to form silicate phase of (Mn, Ca, Al) SiO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>. Eventually, this work proposes an alternative method for the materialization and safe disposal of CSS, which realize the dual effect of composite ferrite transformation and simultaneous immobilization of heavy metals of Cu and Zn into the spinel structure. This work establishes the theoretical basis for the composite ferrite preparation from refractory Fe<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>SiO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf>-type iron resources.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"10 1","pages":"107520"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144515783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alleviating lead (Pb2+)-induced toxicity in muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) through Methylobacterium sp. consortium and salicylic acid (SA)-priming: Physio-bio-molecular response modulation, oxidative stress and Pb uptake reduction","authors":"Mohammad Shahid, Waquar Akhter Ansari, Mohammad Tarique Zeyad, Sajad Ali, Mohammad A. Almalki, Mohammad Alfredan","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2025.107488","url":null,"abstract":"Lead (Pb), a toxic metal that disrupts plant growth and contaminates ecosystems, posing a significant threat to the environment. This study assessed the impact of Pb-tolerant <ce:italic>Methylobacterium</ce:italic> spp. and salicylic acid (SA) on growth, physio-bio-molecular responses, and Pb uptake in contaminated muskmelon. Both rhizobacterial strains tolerated Pb, produced significant growth-regulating substances under metal stress, and demonstrated notable Pb biosorption potential. Pb at 1.0 mgPbkg<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup> soil greatly hindered plant growth and physiology, while increasing oxidative stress and metal content in plants. Pb-tolerant bacterial strains and SA mitigated metal toxicity and boosted muskmelon growth. Under 0.1 mgPbkg<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup> soil, 24<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>A, 24B, 24<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>A+24B, SA, and 24<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>A+24B+SA increased root biomass (24%, 29%, 47%, 12% and 88.2%), total chlorophyll (44.6%, 39.5%, 43%, 31.6% and 41.5%) and carotenoids (14.3%, 20%, 42.8%, 14.3% and 50%), over non-inoculated control. Combined SA and bacterial strains (24<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>A+24B) treatment lowered oxidative stress; MDA (46.9%), H₂O₂ (65.1%), and electrolyte leakage (54.4%) under 0.1 mgPbkg<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup> stress. Additionally, antioxidant enzyme defense and ROS detoxification-related gene expression in Pb-treated plants were enhanced. The <ce:italic>Methylobacterium</ce:italic> consortium and SA reduced Pb uptake in roots (65.45%, 89%), stems (64.8%, 100%), and shoots (69.7%, 100%) under 0.1 mgPbkg<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup> stress, enhancing Pb tolerance. The mitigatory effects were stronger with <ce:italic>Methylobacterium</ce:italic> consortium than with individual strains or SA. The current finding suggests that combining metal-tolerant PGPR inoculation with exogenous SA application could enhance plant production in Pb-polluted soil, offering a promising, sustainable strategy for improving crop resilience and productivity in contaminated agricultural systems.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"13 1","pages":"107488"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144515788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic enhancement of electron transfer in the photocatalysis/persulfate-oxidation system for highly efficient norfloxacin degradation","authors":"Yue Gao ,&nbsp;Xiaoxue Zhou ,&nbsp;Lexin Liu ,&nbsp;Wenwen Hao ,&nbsp;Sitong Zhou ,&nbsp;Wenting Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhiguang Zhang ,&nbsp;Libin Zeng ,&nbsp;Jun Ke","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107524","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107524","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The photocatalysis/persulfate-oxidation hybrid (PPOH) system is recognized as an effective approach for eliminating organic contaminants. Nevertheless, designing highly stable, high-performance catalysts remains an ongoing challenge. In this study, graphene quantum dots (GQDs)-loaded Fe-doped NH₂-MIL-125 (Ti) (G_xNM (Fe_0.2Ti_0.8)) are synthesized via a co-modification strategy for norfloxacin (NOR) degradation in PPOH. The introduction of Fe doping not only enhances visible light responsiveness but also provides activation sites for peroxydisulfate (PDS), facilitating the photogenerated carrier transfer in the metal-to-metal charge transfer (MMCT) process between Ti-O-Fe. GQDs incorporation further suppresses photogenerated carrier recombination. In the PPOH system, NOR degradation by G₁₀NM (Fe_0.2Ti_0.8) achieves a rate of 80.1 % within 120 min, surpassing that of NH₂-MIL-125 (Ti) by a significant factor of 5.24. Free radical trapping and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) experiments confirm that •O₂^-, h⁺ and SO₄•^- are the primary active species responsible for NOR degradation. The synergy of Fe doping and the unique electron transfer properties of GQDs accelerates electron transfer, thereby enhancing the catalytic efficiency. Moreover, the developed composite exhibits outstanding stability and recyclability, maintaining a NOR removal rate of over 70.3 % even after five cycles. This work opens up new avenues for applying modified metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in antibiotic contaminants removal through the PPOH approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 107524"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144515780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and heavy metal solidification mechanism of physically activated municipal solid waste incineration fly ash base geopolymer backfill","authors":"Lijuan Su ,&nbsp;Siqi Li ,&nbsp;Siyao Wu ,&nbsp;Bing Liang ,&nbsp;Xiangdong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107522","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107522","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the continuous increase of municipal solid waste incineration power plants, a large amount of accumulated municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI FA) has been generated. The problem of effective treatment and recycling of MSWI FA needs to be solved urgently. In this study, a mechanical ball milling process of MSWI FA is proposed. Using MSWI FA after ball milling, blast furnace slag and fly ash are used as cementitious materials, and coal gangue is used as aggregate to prepare high performance cemented backfill. At the same time, the goal of solidifying MSWI FA is achieved. Under the premise of mine filling requirement and environmental harmlessness, the mixture ratio and mechanical properties of backfill made of MSWI FA based cementitious system were explored. By comprehensively utilizing experimental methods such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), the specimens were analyzed, to reveal its microstructure evolution mechanism. The results show that the hydration products of the specimens are mainly calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) and calcium silicate aluminate hydrate (C-A-S-H). The MSWI FA specimens prepared by mechanical ball milling have good curing effects on all kinds of heavy metals, and the curing effects are Pb &gt; Cd &gt; Cr &gt; Cu &gt; Ni &gt; As &gt; Zn. The maximum curing rates of Cd, Pb and Cr were 80.97 %, 87.90 % and 76.68 %, respectively. At the same time, the leaching concentrations of various heavy metals are lower than the limit values specified in the \"Pollution Control Standards for Landfills of Municipal Solid Waste\" (GB 18598–2019). This study utilizes MSWI FA to solidify heavy metals and prepare backfill, providing a new solution for the disposal of MSWI FA and a new plan for low-cost and sustainable restoration of mining areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 107522"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144515782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical study on spontaneous ignition of high-pressure hydrogen release into air","authors":"Jiaqing Zhang, Xianli Zhu, Yi Guo, Yue Teng, Min Liu, Zongcheng Wang, Wenjie Sun, Weiping Zhao, Zhenxuan Li, Hongsheng Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2025.107525","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen is attracting worldwide attention since it’s a clean and efficient energy. However, spontaneous ignition caused by high-pressure hydrogen release is a potential risk. The mechanism of spontaneous ignition and following flame evolution, especially high-pressure hydrogen release into the air, remained unresolved. Moreover, currently only the effect of hydrogen release pressure below 30<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>MPa on the possibility of spontaneous ignition has been investigated. In contrast, this study is the first time to consider the effect of high-pressure hydrogen release (35~140<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>MPa) on spontaneous ignition characteristics. Furthermore, the effects of release diameters and hole thicknesses were also taken into account. The characteristics of pressure, temperature and species mass fraction during spontaneous ignition at different release pressures were discussed in detail. The ignition delay time decreases from 0.71 μs to 0.36 μs when the release pressure increases from 35<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>MPa to 140<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>MPa. It is found that the ignition first takes place at the hole boundary. Moreover, Hole thicknesses and diameters have important effects on shock wave and flame evolutions. Enough premixed mixture and shock-heated air temperature are responsible for the occurrence of spontaneous ignition.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144515722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatio-temporal interactive network: A knowledge-guided federated learning for fault propagation path identification","authors":"Kai Zhong ,&nbsp;Xiang Peng ,&nbsp;Ting Lan ,&nbsp;Weihua Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107437","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107437","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a cutting-edge technology, federated learning (FL) demonstrates great potential in industrial fault propagation path identification, which uncovers the intrinsic relationships between variables by collaborating across multiple clients while preserving privacy, contributing to process safety and system optimization. However, existing FL methods do not take into account the interactive fusion of multi-scale features, resulting in insufficient feature mining and low utilization. In addition, purely data-driven FL naturally interpret the analyzed causality as propagation paths. In this paper, a knowledge-guided FL method with spatio-temporal interactive network is proposed for fault propagation path identification. First, we develop a knowledge-guided comprehensive graph construction module to provide the required adjacency matrix for subsequent model. After that, spatio-temporal soft attention prediction model is designed to mine spatio-temporal interactive information and the communication efficiency and model accuracy are further reconciled by residual-wise adaptive parameter aggregation scheme. Then, the causality is accurately characterized with the collaboration of mechanism knowledge and data, which makes the fault propagation path more explainable. Finally, in order to verify the effectiveness of the method, we carried out experiments on the simulation of Tennessee Eastman process and the real-world coal mill unit dataset.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 107437"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on the influence mechanism of proximate compositions of different coal ranks on cutting dust generation characteristics","authors":"Biao Sun, Zengzhi Liu, Gang Zhou, Jianjun Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2025.107523","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate the dust generation characteristics of coal with different proximate compositions during the cutting process of a shearer, this paper conducted similarity simulation experiments on seven coal samples with varying degrees of metamorphism using a self-developed coal-rock cutting and crushing dust generation simulation experimental system. The study systematically analyzed the effects of proximate compositions on relative dust generation intensity, respirable dust concentration, particle size distribution, and particle morphology. The experimental results show that fixed carbon positively correlates with relative dust generation intensity and respirable dust concentration. At the same time, volatile matter and moisture exhibit a negative correlation. Ash content has no significant effect on dust generation characteristics. Proximate compositions also influence particle size distribution and particle morphology. Higher fixed carbon content leads to a broader particle size distribution range and particles tending to be more spherical or square-shaped (with reduced aspect ratios). Conversely, higher volatile matter and moisture content result in a narrower particle size distribution range and more irregular particle shapes. The study verified the significance and validity of the model through F-tests and t-tests, providing a theoretical basis for coal mine dust prevention and control as well as occupational health protection for workers.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144515781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a new type of ammonia eliminator for swirl purifiers and study of its ammonia-eliminating mechanism","authors":"Jun Hou, Shihang Li, Yujie Huang, Shuda Hu, Yingchao Wei, Gan Hou, Hao Jin, Shigen Fu, Zhenjian Yu, Fubao Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2025.107510","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we presented the construction of a test platform for ammonia elimination in swirl purifiers and the development of a new type of compound high-efficiency ammonia eliminator. A combined experimental and simulation approach has been shown to provide insights into the simultaneous purification of underground dust and ammonia. Firstly, the elimination effects of six reagent A-F in a short period of time were compared to establish performance evaluation system and reagent A and B exhibited the most effective performance. Secondly, reagents A and B were prepared in a ratio of 2:1, 3:1, and 3:2 to obtain reagents a, b, and c for comparative analysis. The test results demonstrated that reagents a, b, and c were mixed within 10, 5, and 10<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>minutes, respectively; the efficiency of ammonia elimination was 80%, 83.3%, and 76.7%, respectively; the steady-state duration was 410, 500, and 320<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>min, respectively; and the continuous operation time was 830, 970, and 710<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>min, respectively, demonstrated that reagent b is the most effective. In addition, reagent b improved the odor of the discharged gas. Finally, molecular dynamics simulations were used to discuss the mechanism of simultaneous purification of ammonia and dust by composite reagent was discussed. The new type of ammonia eliminator was ultimately shown to employ in conjunction with swirl purifiers for efficient ammonia elimination.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"6 1","pages":"107510"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144515787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized Production and Functionalization of Water Hyacinth-Derived Biochar for Biocatalysis and Dye Adsorption","authors":"Faisal Amir, Yu-Shen Cheng, Shi-Chang Tseng, Md Abul Kalam","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2025.107519","url":null,"abstract":"Water hyacinth-derived biochar, produced via hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL), has gained attention for its abundance, cost-effectiveness, and potential applications. This study focuses on developing water hyacinth biochar as a biocatalyst and bio-adsorbent. Using a Box-Behnken design and a robust statistical method, the research optimized biochar yield by evaluating key factors such as feedstock type, biomass ratios, and solvent concentrations. Results showed that water hyacinth provided the highest biochar yield, with lower solvent content enhancing productivity but negatively affecting bio-oil yield. The optimal conditions were identified as a solvent-to-biomass ratio of 1:18, a temperature of 260°C, and a pressure of 54<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>bar for 90<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>minutes, achieving biochar and bio-oil yields of 41.92<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>wt.% and 42.13<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>wt.%, respectively. Notably, according to the Box-Behnken model, the bio-oil yield increased to 57.4<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>wt.%, emphasizing the impact of temperature and biomass ratio. The resulting biochar acted as a biocatalyst in biofuel production, yielding 56.13<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>wt.% of liquid fuel and demonstrating adsorption efficiencies of 7.23 to 10.21<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>wt.%. Techno-economic analysis (TEA) confirms the feasibility of this work in terms of economic viability, life cycle assessment, and environmental impact. This study highlights the potential of water hyacinth biochar in advancing renewable energy and contributing to net-zero emissions.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"10 1","pages":"107519"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144515784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aluminum smelting residue upcycling via targeted fluoride extraction and alkaline-driven cryolite synthesis","authors":"Lutong Ma, Yan Cui, Yan Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2025.107511","url":null,"abstract":"Spent carbon anode, a byproduct of the aluminum electrolytic process, are characterized by a significant concentration of fluorides. It is crucial to manage their disposal with the highest level of care, as improper handling may lead to adverse environmental consequences. Chemical leaching is widely utilized in solid waste disposal due to its efficiency and scalability; however, it presents challenges such as process complexity and the necessity for secondary recovery of substantial filtrate volumes. This study introduces an optimized chemical leaching and recovery process aimed at efficient fluoride extraction. The alkaline leaching recovery method was systematically re-evaluated based on the various types and forms of fluorides present in spent carbon anode. Cryolite-type fluorides exhibit enhanced reactivity and separability within an alkaline environment. Under optimal conditions with a leaching duration of 30<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>min, the fluoride leaching rate achieved 95.50%. The residual calcium fluoride and aluminum oxide found in the leaching residue were determined to be insoluble. A single-step alkaline leaching process for environmentally friendly treatment of spent carbon anode has been demonstrated as feasible. The recovery mechanism for F<ce:sup loc=\"post\">–</ce:sup>, Al<ce:sup loc=\"post\">3+</ce:sup>, and Na<ce:sup loc=\"post\">+</ce:sup> in an alkaline environment is straightforward. In solutions with a low F/Al mole ratio, the precipitate consists primarily of aluminum hydroxide and cryolite; conversely, as the F/Al ratio increases, cryolite becomes the predominant precipitate. With optimized processing conditions, the fluoride recovery rate exceeds 97%. In summary, the proposed alkaline leaching strategy for fluoride extraction and cryolite synthesis from spent carbon anode offers significant advantages regarding simplicity, efficiency, and scalability—providing new insights into industrial disposal practices.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144515663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}