Evaluation of diesel-contaminated soil remediation using silica sol loaded with sodium percarbonate and Fe(II)

IF 7.8 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Process Safety and Environmental Protection Pub Date : 2025-09-27 DOI:10.1016/j.psep.2025.107944

Wei Wei , Mingli Wei , Lei Liu , Yuanyuan Zhang , Yifan Wei , Fei Yin , Ying Zhao , Tingting Zhang

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Sodium percarbonate (SPC, 2Na₂CO₃·3 H₂O₂) is a strong oxidant widely used in environmental applications, faces challenges in soil remediation due to rapid reactive species release. This study develops two sustained-release components: a sodium percarbonate-based oxidant agent (SPC-SIS) and a ferrous sulfate (FS)-derived catalytic material (FS-SIS). In this system, silica sol (SIS) serves as a carrier for sodium percarbonate and ferrous sulfate, facilitating sustained release of active components. Sodium silicate (SS) and citric acid (CA) were incorporated to pollutants separation and adjust pH, thereby optimizing remediation efficiency. Comprehensive characterization through SEM with elemental mapping, FTIR, and XPS confirmed effective dispersion of SPC and FS within the SIS matrix. Experimental optimization revealed maximum diesel degradation at SPC/SS/FS/CA/SIS molar ratio of 1:0.5:1:1:1. Notably, the SIS-based system-maintained soil physicochemical stability while achieving better remediation efficiency. Free radical scavenging tests and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) identified OH· as the dominant oxidative species for diesel degradation, with O₂^-· participating in Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ redox cycling. This SPC-SIS/FS-SIS system demonstrates significant potential for persistent oxidative remediation of diesel-contaminated soils.

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过碳酸钠和铁（II）负载硅溶胶修复柴油污染土壤的效果评价

过碳酸钠（SPC, 2Na2CO3·3 H2O2）是一种广泛应用于环境的强氧化剂，由于其快速的反应性释放，在土壤修复中面临挑战。本研究开发了两种缓释组分：过碳酸钠基氧化剂（SPC-SIS）和硫酸亚铁衍生的催化材料（FS- sis）。在该系统中，硅溶胶（SIS）作为过碳酸钠和硫酸亚铁的载体，促进活性成分的持续释放。将水玻璃（SS）和柠檬酸（CA）加入到污染物分离中，调节pH，从而优化修复效率。通过SEM、元素映射、FTIR和XPS的综合表征证实了SPC和FS在SIS矩阵中的有效分散。实验优化结果表明，SPC/SS/FS/CA/SIS摩尔比为1:0.5:1:1:1时，柴油降解效果最大。值得注意的是，基于sis的系统在保持土壤理化稳定性的同时获得了更好的修复效率。自由基清除试验和电子顺磁共振（EPR）结果表明，OH·是柴油降解的主要氧化物质，O2-·参与Fe2+/Fe3+氧化还原循环。该SPC-SIS/FS-SIS系统显示了持续氧化修复柴油污染土壤的巨大潜力。

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来源期刊

Process Safety and Environmental Protection 环境科学-工程：化工

CiteScore

11.40

自引率

15.40%

发文量

929

审稿时长

8.0 months

期刊介绍： The Process Safety and Environmental Protection (PSEP) journal is a leading international publication that focuses on the publication of high-quality, original research papers in the field of engineering, specifically those related to the safety of industrial processes and environmental protection. The journal encourages submissions that present new developments in safety and environmental aspects, particularly those that show how research findings can be applied in process engineering design and practice. PSEP is particularly interested in research that brings fresh perspectives to established engineering principles, identifies unsolved problems, or suggests directions for future research. The journal also values contributions that push the boundaries of traditional engineering and welcomes multidisciplinary papers. PSEP's articles are abstracted and indexed by a range of databases and services, which helps to ensure that the journal's research is accessible and recognized in the academic and professional communities. These databases include ANTE, Chemical Abstracts, Chemical Hazards in Industry, Current Contents, Elsevier Engineering Information database, Pascal Francis, Web of Science, Scopus, Engineering Information Database EnCompass LIT (Elsevier), and INSPEC. This wide coverage facilitates the dissemination of the journal's content to a global audience interested in process safety and environmental engineering.