Process Safety and Environmental Protection最新文献

{"title":"Insights into sludge reduction in a sequencing batch reactor integrated with an anaerobic side-stream reactor","authors":"Muhammad Fauzul Imron,&nbsp;Lenno van den Berg,&nbsp;Alexander Hendriks,&nbsp;Ralph E.F. Lindeboom,&nbsp;Merle de Kreuk","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.109520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.109520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sludge production remains a major challenge in wastewater treatment and integrating an anaerobic side-stream reactor (ASSR) into the return activated sludge line is a promising technology for in situ sludge reduction. Thus, this research investigates the performance and internal mechanisms of an ASSR integrated with a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) under prolonged side-stream retention conditions for in situ sludge reduction. The results showed that this configuration reduced the observed sludge yield by 42% (0.288 → 0.166 g VSS/g COD), while maintaining stable COD removal of 85–90%. Ammonium removal remained high, although nitrate accumulation during part of the operation indicated that nitrogen conversion was not fully stable. Total phosphorus (TP) removal reached up to 98% during early operation, accompanied by phosphate release in the ASSR of up to 250 mg PO₄^3--P/L, indicating the formation of a phosphate-rich side-stream. However, TP removal and phosphate release declined during later operation, showing that this response was not sustained throughout the experiment. A simplified flow-based VSS balance indicated that the net VSS difference across the ASSR was equivalent to approximately 25% of the difference in sludge production between the two systems. Endpoint microbial profiles and predicted functional profiles differed among the reactors and were consistent with community differentiation under the integrated operating conditions. However, they did not establish the active metabolic pathways. Overall, the lower system-wide observed sludge yield reflected the combined effects of solids transformation in the ASSR, longer biomass retention, and repeated anaerobic–aerobic exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 109520"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148885442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward sustainable electrochemical treatment: Advanced reactor design for selective organic waste transformation","authors":"William Santacruz,&nbsp;Rafael Granados-Fernández,&nbsp;Artur de Jesus Motheo,&nbsp;Manuel Andrés Rodrigo","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.109518","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.109518","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents the development and evaluation of advanced electrochemical reactors for the degradation of phenol in methanolic media, integrating compartmentalization and photoelectrochemical activation. Initially, a single-compartment cell was designed and optimized using Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulations to ensure homogeneous flow and efficient gas removal at 300 mL min⁻¹. Subsequently, the effect of incorporating proton- and anion-exchange membranes (PEM and AEM) was assessed, revealing that the AEM configuration significantly improved phenol removal, particularly at higher current densities (up to 73% at 100 mA cm⁻²). This enhancement was attributed to electromigration of phenolate species and suppression of reductive reactions. The integration of UVC irradiation was also explored to activate electro-generated oxidants; however, in methanolic media, photoelectrochemical treatment did not outperform pure electrochemical oxidation in terms of intermediates production. Reaction intermediates included benzoquinone and various carboxylates (primarily oxalate and malonate), suggesting progressive hydroxylation and cleavage pathways. As well methoxylated species were formed which may become interesting in terms of application. Economic analysis provided a preliminary baseline confirming the manufacturing viability and prototype scalability of the proposed design. Overall, the study demonstrates that cell compartmentalization and optimized hydrodynamics significantly enhance electrochemical performance, while photochemical integration requires further investigation for non-aqueous systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 109518"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148885443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eco-friendly fluidized solidified loess incorporating multi-source industrial solid wastes: A systematic study from rheological features, mechanical performance, and stabilization mechanisms","authors":"Baofeng Lei,&nbsp;Jucong Sun,&nbsp;Henghui Fan,&nbsp;Yongxiang Cao,&nbsp;Changhao Liu,&nbsp;Haochen Zhang,&nbsp;Shuai Pang,&nbsp;Jiaze Li,&nbsp;Huihui Yu,&nbsp;Minqiang Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.109513","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.109513","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the disposal dilemmas of construction engineering spoil and the high carbon footprint of conventional stabilizers, this study successfully developed a clinker-free, eco-friendly fluidized solidified soil (FSS) using a loess matrix, calcium carbide slag (CCS) as the alkaline activator, and a synergistic blend of blast furnace slag (BFS) and calcined coal gangue powder (CCGP) as precursors. Utilizing the simplex centroid design method, the evolution laws of fresh paste fluidity and shear rheological features, alongside the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and water stability coefficient (K_w) of hardened matrices, were systematically characterized. Fuzzy optimization theory was applied for multi-objective quantitative trade-offs, and microstructural binding mechanisms were comprehensively elucidated. The results indicate that the fresh paste complies with the Bingham fluid model, displaying a negative correlation between rheological parameters and fluidity. The mechanical strength is co-regulated by the activator dosage and precursor configurations, presenting an inverted \"U\"-shaped pattern with higher CCS content. Trade-offs via fuzzy optimization reveal that the mix proportion consisting of 20% CCS and an 8:2 BFS/CCGP ratio achieves the highest relative superiority of 0.81, optimizing engineering performance (fluidity: 230 mm; 28-day UCS: 3.63 MPa; K_w: 98.78%). Microstructural analyses verify that CCS-induced alkalinity prompts the \"depolymerization-reconfiguration\" of active aluminosilicate networks into high-polymerization C-(A)-S-H gels that encapsulate loose soil particles. Environmental and economic accounting confirms that the heavy metal leaching risk of the specimens is extremely low, while the raw material costs and carbon emissions of Scheme B4 binder can be reduced by 37.6% and 96.9%, respectively, compared with ordinary Portland cement under the equivalent binder dosage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 109513"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148885444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fundamental characteristics of floodwater after membrane purification with detection of selected micropollutants using molecularly imprinted polymers","authors":"Katarzyna Smolinska-Kempisty,&nbsp;Agnieszka Urbanowska,&nbsp;Dominika Rapacz-Kinas,&nbsp;Antoni Marczuk,&nbsp;Joanna Wolska","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.109399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.109399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The water of two flood-affected watercourses, namely a stream and a medium-sized river, was characterized after the 2024 flood. Unlike most membrane-based studies that focus on synthetic feeds or relatively stable municipal matrices, this work presents a preliminary laboratory-scale, stage-by-stage evaluation of commercial membrane processes on real post-floodwater and couples it with a proof-of-applicability test of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based solid-phase extraction (SPE) for marker micropollutant detection. The working hypothesis was a sequential membrane cascade, in which the permeate from each treatment stage served as the feed for the next one (filtration (F) → microfiltration (MF) → ultrafiltration (UF) → nanofiltration (NF) → reverse osmosis (RO)), would allow restoration of the main physicochemical parameters of floodwater toward reference pre-flood conditions derived from regulatory classifications and historical monitoring reports, and that MIP-based SPE cartridges would enable selective detection of gentamicin, amoxicillin, and S-metolachlor in such a complex matrix. The composition of the water from both flood-affected rivers deteriorated drastically. In most cases, a return to values comparable with reference pre-flood conditions was possible only after nanofiltration. For the medium-sized river, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) decreased from 332 mg O₂/L to 8.34 mg O₂/L, and for the stream from 189.2 mg O₂/L to 5.34 mg O₂/L. Using MIP-SPE columns applied to MF permeates, it was possible to determine gentamicin in both watercourses at a level of 11.05–12.97 µg/L, and S-metolachlor was detected in Morawka stream water at a concentration of 4 ng/L after a 50-fold preconcentration. Amoxicillin was determined only qualitatively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 109399"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148853180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An integrated process for preparing high-purity hydroxyapatite via ascorbic acid-assisted iron removal and mother-liquor valorization","authors":"Changrui Zhang,&nbsp;Diming Yang,&nbsp;Ju Tang,&nbsp;Zhaoyu Ma,&nbsp;Fan Zhang,&nbsp;Guo Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.109470","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.109470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study developed an integrated process for preparing high-purity hydroxyapatite (HAp) from a purified phosphate concentrate from Yunnan, China. The process combines nitric acid leaching, neutral phosphate precipitation, sequential solid-phase impurity removal, and experimentally demonstrated valorization of the nitrate-containing mother liquor. First, the phosphorus leaching conditions were optimized through single-factor experiments. The optimal parameters were determined to be a nitric acid mass fraction of 15%, a leaching temperature of 20 ℃, a leaching time of 30 min, and a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:5, under which the phosphorus leaching efficiency reached approximately 96.8%, and the overall P-to-HAp recovery reached 91.8%, while balancing extraction performance, reagent consumption, and process economy. The leachate was then adjusted and maintained at pH 7 with milk of lime and subsequently aged, allowing phosphorus in the liquid phase to be recovered in the form of HAp precipitate. Because Fe, Mg, Si, and Al can co-precipitate with HAp during phosphate precipitation, a multi-stage solid-phase purification route was established. NH₄Cl, NaOH, and ascorbic acid (AA) were sequentially used for Mg removal, removal of Si and Al, and selective Fe removal, respectively. In addition, E-pH thermodynamic analysis was combined to clarify the rationality of acid leaching for phosphorus extraction, alkali adjustment for phosphate precipitation, and stepwise impurity removal. Characterization by XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDS, and ICP-MS showed that the final product was mainly composed of hydroxyapatite, with good crystallinity and compositional uniformity, while the residual contents of impurities such as Si, Mg, Al, and Fe were low. Meanwhile, the mother liquor after phosphate precipitation could be further subjected to alkali adjustment, Mg removal, and evaporation crystallization to recover calcium nitrate as a by-product, thereby achieving the coordinated realization of high-value phosphorus conversion and resource utilization of the mother liquor. This process provides an integrated route with improved mother-liquor utilization, process integration, and scale-up potential for preparing high-purity HAp from silicon-rich purified phosphate concentrates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 109470"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148853127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-processing of sewage sludge ash with biomass ash to alter mineral phases for sustainable phosphorus recovery","authors":"Zhong-hua Yang,&nbsp;Chuan-ming Du,&nbsp;Jin-hao Fan,&nbsp;Xin-yi Huo,&nbsp;Yi Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.109389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.109389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phosphorus-rich sewage sludge ash (SSA) is a promising secondary resource for P recovery, but the presence of poorly soluble Al/Fe-phosphates and heavy metals hinders efficient P extraction. A novel method that uses biomass ash (BA) as a modifier was proposed to promote the reorganization of phosphates in SSA through thermal treatment, thereby enhancing the selective leaching of phosphorus. The influence of different BA additions (10%–60%) on phosphate alteration was evaluated through mineral phase analysis and thermodynamic simulations. The results show that BA addition promoted the transformation of Al/Fe-phosphates into soluble Ca/Mg-phosphates (e.g., Ca₅(PO₄)₃Cl and Ca₉MgK(PO₄)₇). At pH 2.0, the P leaching efficiency reached 98.6%, while the leaching efficiencies of Mg, Al, Fe, and Si decreased significantly to 75.1%, 38.1%, 2.9%, and 13.4%, respectively. A multi-step selective precipitation process (Al-phosphate precipitation at pH 4.0, followed by Ca-phosphate recovery in 0.5 mol/L KOH solution) achieved a P precipitation efficiency of 91.7% and an overall P recovery of 90.4%. The recovered Ca-phosphate contained As, Cu, Cr, and Ni at levels well below agricultural fertilizer safety limits. The combination of BA modification with the hydrometallurgical method provides a sustainable, resource-efficient solution for phosphorus recovery from SSA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 109389"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148853122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HMADD: A Hybrid Metric-based Integrated Framework for Anomaly Detection and Fault Identification in Multivariate Time Series of Chemical Processes","authors":"Gui Peng,Qing Tao,Pengtao Wen,Liang Yuan,Kai Lv","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.109642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2026.109642","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"1 1","pages":"109642"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149022210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constructed Wetland–Microbial Fuel Cell Performance Enhancement via Iron Scrap Amendment and Aeration Strategies","authors":"Ashmita Patro, Saurabh Dwivedi, Boopathy Ramasamy, Pratiksha Srivastava, Kiran Bala, Asheesh Kumar Yadav","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.109544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2026.109544","url":null,"abstract":"The use of alternative low-cost materials in the existing wastewater treatment technologies is one of the ways for reducing the cost of the treatment with enhanced efficiency. In this context, a dual-chambered constructed wetland integrated microbial fuel cell (CW-MFC) was designed improve both treatment efficiency and cost-effectiveness. The developed CW-MFC was sequentially operated in four different treatment phases. Phase I involved the application of external aeration with <ce:italic>Canna indica</ce:italic>, Phase II utilized standalone <ce:italic>C. indica</ce:italic>, Phase III incorporated iron scraps, and Phase IV combined <ce:italic>C. indica</ce:italic> with iron scraps in the aerobic region. The treatment system depicted a dye (as a model emerging organic pollutant) decolourization efficiency of 99.46, 92.26, 97.69 and 97.65% in Phase I, Phase II, Phase III and Phase IV respectively from an initial methyl orange (MO) concentration of 50<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>mg/L. Regarding chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal (with an initial concentration of 640<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>mg/L), the efficiencies were as follows: 92.50% for Phase I, 82.87% for Phase II, 94.83% for Phase III, and 91% for Phase IV.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148885344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Waterborne polyurethane-coated iron-carbon micro-electrolysis materials in the CANON process: Performance enhancement, EPS profiling, and metagenomic insights","authors":"Yue Li,Ben-ze Chang,Qi Luo,Neng-feng Qian,Wei-jian Wang,Qing-guo Chen,Li-juan Feng,Ren-cun Jin,Guang-feng Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.109633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2026.109633","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"27 1","pages":"109633"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149021363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative Strategies for Sustainable Industrial Ecology and Environmental Protection","authors":"Yanhui Li,Varenyam Achal,Carmen Zaharia","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.109648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2026.109648","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"4 1","pages":"109648"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149021370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}