Process Safety and Environmental Protection最新文献

{"title":"Hydrogen concentration enhancement in co-pyrolysis of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae and empty fruit bunches: RSM optimisation and fixed-bed reactor comparison","authors":"Mahmoud Elsafi,&nbsp;Yeek-Chia Ho,&nbsp;Beh Hoe Guan,&nbsp;Wai Hong Leong,&nbsp;Norhana Mohamed Rashid","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.109322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.109322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen-rich syngas production from biomass remains constrained by limited hydrogen concentration and insufficient understanding of how reactor configuration influences hydrogen concentration under optimised conditions. This study systematically investigates hydrogen concentration (vol%) from <em>Chlorella vulgaris</em> microalgae and microalgae-empty fruit bunch (MA-EFB) co-pyrolysis using two fixed-bed reactor configurations: a custom-designed horizontal fixed-bed reactor (custom reactor) and a conventional tube furnace. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimise temperature (400–700 °C), residence time (20–60 min), particle size (150–300 µm), and MA blending ratio (0.25–0.75 g/g). Feedstock characterisation confirmed strong physicochemical complementarity, supporting favourable thermochemical interactions during co-pyrolysis. For microalgae pyrolysis, validated hydrogen concentrations of 48.28 vol% in the custom-designed horizontal fixed-bed reactor (custom reactor) and 44.81 vol% in the tube furnace were achieved under optimised conditions, with temperature identified as the dominant factor influencing hydrogen concentration. Co-pyrolysis further enhanced hydrogen concentration, achieving peak values of 58.94 vol% (custom reactor) and 56.48 vol% (tube furnace) at ∼666 °C, 60 min, MA ≈ 0.75, and 150 µm particle size. Statistical analysis produced highly significant quadratic models (R² &gt; 0.996, CV &lt; 5%), confirming the presence of an optimal operating window. Differences in hydrogen concentration between the two reactor configurations suggest that reactor configuration may influence hydrogen concentration, with the custom reactor consistently achieving approximately 2–3 vol% higher hydrogen concentration than the tube furnace under comparable conditions. These findings highlight the potential of MA-EFB co-pyrolysis under atmospheric, non-catalytic, fixed-bed conditions for enhancing hydrogen concentration (vol%) within the product gas, while further investigation incorporating absolute hydrogen productivity measurements and full gas composition analysis is required to evaluate overall process efficiency and scalability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 109322"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148658752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective defluorination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in actual water environment by liquid phase microwave discharge: Elucidation of discharge characteristics and mechanism","authors":"Shaohua Sun,&nbsp;Mingze Sun,&nbsp;Xiaomei Zhu,&nbsp;Hui Liu,&nbsp;Ziwei Yao,&nbsp;Bing Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.109310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.109310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a novel water treatment technology, plasma technology can generate free radicals in situ and exhibits a favorable effect on the degradation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Nevertheless, the high conductivity and complex composition of the actual water environment can interfere with the defluorination effect of PFAS. To attain the objective of more efficient defluorination of PFAS in actual water environment, the discharge characteristics of liquid phase microwave discharge plasma technology were explored. It was discovered that conductivity had a negligible impact on the discharge. A stable discharge could be attained when the conductivity of the aqueous solution was elevated to 2000 μS/cm, with the defluorination rates of PFOA reaching up to 82.6% and those of PFOS reaching 72.4%. The research findings indicate that the microwave discharge plasma technology has wide applicability and can adapt to various water environments with different electrical conductivities. Based on the research results, the experimental parameters were optimized, and the method to address the difficulty of PFAS defluorination in the actual water environment was identified. After parameter optimization, the defluorination of two types of PFAS can reach approximately 80% in lake and tap water. It indicates that the technology presents substantial advantages in the defluorination of PFAS within the actual water environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 109310"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148658753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative adequacy assessment of improved and conventional moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs) for treatment of domestic wastewater","authors":"Himanshu Tiwari,&nbsp;Girish R. Pophali","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.109311","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.109311","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the comparative performance of a lab-scale improved MBBR developed vis-à-vis the conventional MBBR under various operating conditions. The improved MBBR showed higher removal efficiencies at all HRTs for chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), and total suspended solids (TSS) when compared with conventional MBBR. There was no significant difference in total phosphate (TP) removal efficiencies of improved and conventional MBBRs. The BOD removal efficiency for improved MBBR was maximum at 12 h HRT, based on which the performance was optimized. The average COD and BOD removal efficiencies at 12 h HRT for the improved and conventional MBBRs were 85.5 ± 6.7 &amp; 85.9 ± 7.5%, and 77.3 ± 4.5 &amp; 67.2 ± 11.1%, respectively. A thick and uneven biofilm development was observed in conventional MBBR, which led to clogging of carrier media even at high aeration, whereas a thin and uniform biofilm was observed on the carrier media of improved MBBR due to enhanced hydrodynamics. This also enhanced substrate-oxygen transfer and specific oxygen uptake rates (SOUR). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis validated the respective biofilm morphology in both reactors. Thus, the improved MBBR consistently outperformed the conventional MBBR and resolved the shortcomings due to controlled hydrodynamics and significantly enhanced the performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 109311"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148658693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic LCA based on digital twin: Taking the annual CO₂ quantification of painting processes in Chinese automobile enterprise as an example","authors":"Lei Zhang,&nbsp;Pengfei Gao,&nbsp;Yan Xuan,&nbsp;Ziqi Li,&nbsp;Hanbing Tao","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.109332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.109332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a key tool for evaluating the environmental impacts of manufacturing, yet conventional life cycle inventory (LCI) data collection often suffers from inefficiency and lack of timeliness. This paper proposed digital twin-based LCA (DT-LCA) method, using the quantification of carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from the automobile painting process as an example. A defined system boundary and a comprehensive CO₂ emission calculation model were established. Utilizing Tecnomatix Plant Simulation student software, a digital twin model was developed to dynamically update inventory data, enabling real-time collection of material, energy, and waste data as the LCI source. Analysis identified natural gas combustion as the primary contributor to carbon emissions within the painting workshop, accounting for 59.37% of the total. Based on these findings, production process improvement schemes and future works are proposed. The results demonstrate that the DT-LCA method significantly enhances the efficiency and dynamic nature of inventory data collection, thereby improving the comprehensiveness of LCA studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 109332"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148637644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Investigation of Natural Gas Pipeline Physical Explosions with a Compressibility-Factor-Based Non-Ideal Initial State Correction","authors":"Wenwen Li, Yuguang Cao, Ying Zhen, Qiqi Deng, Hongtu Lu, Zikang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.109381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2026.109381","url":null,"abstract":"Long-distance high-pressure natural gas pipelines underpin low-carbon energy supply, and rupture of an in-service segment radiates an overpressure wave whose impact radius governs safety-distance determination. Current assessment relies on the TNT-equivalence method, whose point-source geometry, instantaneous energy deposition, and ideal-gas treatment contradict the cylindrical source, finite-rate efflux, and non-ideal initial state of an actual rupture, leaving safety distances systematically biased. An Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) fluid-structure interaction model coupling crack propagation with gas release is constructed in LS-DYNA, in which the initial gas state is corrected using the compressibility factor <ce:italic>Z</ce:italic>, representing a non-ideal initial-state correction rather than a fully real-gas equation of state. Benchmarked against the P4 full-scale X90 burst, the ALE framework reproduces the measured peak overpressure within 4.6% at 10<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>m and 29.0% at 50<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>m, whereas the TNT simulation overshoots the 10<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>m peak by 24.5% and underpredicts the 50<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>m peak by 69.4%. The Z-correction alone contributes a 9.7% peak uplift at 10<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>m, providing a physically consistent basis for refining pipeline safety-distance provisions.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"78 1","pages":"109381"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148691063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suppression performance and mechanism of a CMCS/SA/NaPA bio-based flame retardant for coal spontaneous combustion prevention","authors":"Xiaonan Wang, Chongyu Zhang, Guihong Liu, Kai Chen, Yue Hu, Xiang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.109374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2026.109374","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional flame retardants for coal spontaneous combustion prevention often exhibit limited suppression efficiency and insufficient interfacial stability during thermal oxidation. In this study, a bio-based flame retardant composed of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), sodium alginate (SA), and sodium phytate (NaPA) was prepared to improve the thermal-oxidative stability of coal. Response surface methodology was used to screen formulations with improved thermo-oxidative behaviour, followed by evaluation through TG–MS, cone calorimetry, structural characterisation, and molecular simulations. The CMCS/SA/NaPA treatment delayed ignition, reduced heat release and mass loss, and promoted char formation during combustion. The time to ignition increased from 23 to 32.33<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>s, while the peak heat release rate decreased from 154.7 to 106.33<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>kW/m². Structural analyses confirmed the formation of a denser residual char layer after treatment, and molecular simulations supported reduced local electron enrichment and enhanced interfacial interactions at reactive coal sites. Overall, the CMCS/SA/NaPA system regulated coal thermal oxidation and combustion behaviour through the combined effects of interfacial stabilisation, char formation, and heat release suppression.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"41 1","pages":"109374"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148691066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-temperature assimilation behavior of steel slag tailings for iron ore sintering","authors":"Tuo Pan, Zhiwei Peng, Wanlong Fan, Huibo Liu, Qiang Zhong, Shaochang Nie, Lin Xiong","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.109357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2026.109357","url":null,"abstract":"Steel slag is a major difficult-to-utilize by-product of the steel industry. The utilization of its tailings, remaining after crushing and magnetic separation of steel beads, holds a significant value. Due to their residual iron content and high levels of calcium and magnesium oxides, these tailings have the potential to be recycled back into the iron ore sintering process. In this study, high-temperature assimilation behavior of steel slag tailings (SST) was investigated using a micro-sintering approach. The effects of CaO addition (10–20 wt%) and temperature (1280 – 1320 °C) on their phase evolution and bonding behavior were systematically analyzed using thermodynamic calculations, TG–DSC, XRD, and SEM–EDS analyses. The results indicated that an appropriate CaO addition (15 wt%) promoted the formation of a continuous Ca<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>FeAlO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">5</ce:inf> bonding phase network, whereas excessive CaO promoted the RO phase formation and weakened the bonding structure. The optimal condition was identified as 1320 °C with the addition of 15<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>wt% CaO, under which the highest bonding extent (1.03<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>g/g) and compressive strength (184<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>N) were achieved. These findings are anticipated to provide guidance for the application of SST in iron ore sintering.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"346 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148693249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of arsenic-containing wastewater using lepidolite delithiation residue: Adsorption behavior and mechanism","authors":"Ju Luo,&nbsp;Hua Long,&nbsp;Yixiang Cai,&nbsp;Ningjing Liu,&nbsp;Shuanghua Zhang,&nbsp;Changya Chen,&nbsp;Hong Qin,&nbsp;Yantao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.109150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.109150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The adsorption method is an important technical means for treating arsenic pollution in water bodies. In this study, the delithiation residue (DR) of lepidolite was employed to treat low-concentration As(V)-containing wastewater, and its adsorption behavior and underlying removal mechanisms were investigated. The removal efficiency of arsenic could exceed 99.0% under optimized conditions, and the residual arsenic concentration was no higher than 0.3 mg/L. Kinetic and thermodynamic analyses indicated that the removal of As(V) was predominantly governed by chemical adsorption, while physical adsorption also occurred, and the adsorption process was endothermic. According to the intraparticle diffusion model, adsorption took place in two sequential phases: surface diffusion and internal diffusion. The adsorption of As(V) using DR better conformed to the Langmuir and Sips isothermal models, which indicated single-layer adsorption on the heterogeneous surface, and As(V) was relatively easy to be adsorbed. The removal of As(V) by DR is mainly based on coordination interaction, while there is also a small amount of electrostatic attraction and mesoporous adsorption. Employing the DR for the treatment of arsenic-containing wastewater can not only effectively remove arsenic but also enhance the utilization of DR, thus realizing the treatment of waste with waste.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"215 ","pages":"Article 109150"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148289004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melt vitrification of washed and unwashed municipal solid waste incineration fly ash: Product stability, metal migration, and process burden","authors":"Huikang Song,&nbsp;Yaji Huang,&nbsp;Sheng Wang,&nbsp;Hao Shi,&nbsp;Tianhang Tang,&nbsp;Hao Liu,&nbsp;Daiyang Li,&nbsp;Chenlu Yang,&nbsp;Shengli Song","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.109167","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.109167","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water washing is commonly used before vitrifying municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash, but its necessity remains uncertain. This study compared raw MSWI fly ash (MFA) and water-washed fly ash (WFA) co-vitrified with coal fly ash (CFA), integrating glass formation, leaching compliance, metal migration, and costs. Washing removed salts and reduced Pb leaching from 19.49 to 7.15 mg L⁻¹ , but WFA exceeded the hazardous-waste threshold. WFA–CFA achieved a compliant window at 1150 °C with 30–40 wt% CFA, whereas MFA–CFA showed only an isolated compliant condition near 25 wt% CFA at 1150 °C but a broader window at 1200 °C with 20–40 wt% CFA. Cr was the limiting element: its release persisted in some highly vitrified MFA–CFA products at 1150 °C but was suppressed at 1200 °C. Back-addition tests linked Cr release to CaSO₄ sentinel signatures, suggesting that Ca/S-rich residual heterogeneity and incomplete melt homogenization can weaken Cr immobilization. Chlorides promoted liquid formation but intensified Pb/Cd/Zn/Cu volatilization. Unwashed 1200 °C treatment showed lower baseline cost than washed 1150 °C treatment. Overall, washing broadened the medium-temperature window but shifted salts to liquid-phase management, whereas direct vitrification offered a shorter route with greater off-gas and corrosion-control demands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"215 ","pages":"Article 109167"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148289120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated analysis of iron dust explosions in a 20-L sphere: Mass and heat balance analysis combined with gas–particle dispersion modelling","authors":"Aleksandra Semenova,&nbsp;Christoph Spijker","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.109120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2026.109120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transition to hydrogen-based metallurgy and iron-based energy carriers introduces explosion hazards associated with fine iron dust. However, standardized 20-L tests may not capture the true iron explosion severity, as Pₘₐₓ occurs at ≥ 1500 g/m³ , exceeding the vessel’s oxygen capacity (∼660–990 g/m³). To resolve this discrepancy, oxygen consumption after the explosion was quantified, allowing a comparison between stoichiometric and pressure-based heat release. The results show that both pressure and oxygen consumption increase between 500 and 1000 g/m³ and then plateau at ≥ 1500 g/m³ (∼3.8 bar, 92–99%), indicating oxygen-limited conditions. The calculated stoichiometric heat release exceeds the pressure-derived heat release. This quantifies significant heat losses in the 20-L apparatus. Despite oxygen depletion, pressure-based heat release continues to increase approximately linearly. This suggests that only a fraction of the nominal dust mass participates in the process, which explains why no significant heat sink effect is observed. CFD simulations further support this assumption by revealing incomplete dust injection with material being trapped in the valve. The overpressure–concentration model developed in this study, which is based on measured oxygen consumption, demonstrates higher values (around 5.6 bar) and a shift in the maximum overpressure to around 1000 g/m³ , as well as a decline at higher loadings. These results provide an upper-bound (worst-case) estimate of explosion severity that is not captured by standard 20-L measurements. Together, these findings demonstrate that standard 20-L sphere measurements do not accurately reflect the true Pₘₐₓ for iron-based dusts, highlighting the need for improved dispersion systems and revised testing methodologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"215 ","pages":"Article 109120"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148289145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}