Process Safety and Environmental Protection最新文献

{"title":"Techno-economic-environmental analysis based on life cycle carbon accounting and pollutants audit for cleaner production of electrolytic manganese","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2024.09.035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2024.09.035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The electrolytic manganese metal (EMM) industry faces significant environmental challenges, including substantial resource and energy consumption, severe pollution, and high CO₂ emissions. This study introduced a novel approach for developing collaborative strategies aimed at mitigating pollutants and CO₂ emissions. Through the implementation of life cycle carbon accounting and critical pollutant audits, a process enhancement program incorporating 17 advanced technologies was developed. Aligned with the principles of cleaner production, this project effectively mitigates the environmental burden at the source and offers viable solutions for addressing prominent emissions, such as manganese residue and acid fog. Furthermore, the marginal abatement cost curves demonstrate the economic practicality and applicability of these measures. This study provides a strategic blueprint for achieving sustainable green development in China’s EMM industry and offers valuable guidelines for formulating relevant environmental policies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142233034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soft sensor model for nonlinear dynamic industrial process based on GraphSAGE-IMATCN","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2024.08.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2024.08.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Industrial process data are closely related to production conditions and are essentially complex time series with high nonlinearity and dynamics. To solve the challenge of insufficient feature extraction of industrial process data, resulting in poor real-time monitoring of key quality variables, we propose an interpretable industrial soft sensor based on Graph Sampling and Aggregation Temporal Convolutional Network Improved by Multi-head Self-Attention (GraphSAGE-IMATCN) for predicting the trend of key quality variables in real time. Firstly, a three-dimensional data development strategy for batch processing is designed, and the maximum information coefficient (MIC) is introduced, and the threshold function is established by combining kernel density estimation to extract the characteristic variables with high quality correlation, and the explanatory and reliability of the model are enhanced by statistical methods. Secondly, a deep graph sampling aggregation (GraphSAGE) structure is designed for industrial big data, which aggregated features based on adjacent nodes and captured the context information of key nodes and serialized the extracted features to improve the computing speed of the model by combining the parallel computing advantages of the time convolutional network. Then, to overcome the data of different batch sizes and production scales, the residual structure of the Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN) is optimized by using Filter Response Normalization (FRN) to enhance the generalization and robustness of the model. Then, the multi-head self-attention mechanism (MHSA) is introduced to enhance the parallelism of the model, and the inference speed of the model is optimized to meet the key requirements of real-time performance for industrial process monitoring. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model is verified through experiments on the penicillin fermentation process and the debutanizer column.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142242777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation of the effects of aqueous ammonia and water mixtures on the efficiency and emissions of a compression ignition engine","authors":"Volkan Sabri Kül, Selahaddin Orhan Akansu, Gürsel Çınar","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2024.09.051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2024.09.051","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, different concentrations of aqueous ammonia and pure water were fumigated and aspirated into the cylinder from the engine intake manifold. Aqueous ammonia (NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf>OH) with 5 %, 10 % and 15 % ammonia (NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>) concentration was used in the experiments. Both aqueous ammonia and pure water were converted into cold vapor using an ultrasonic evaporator and conveyed to the combustion chamber as fume. Experiments were carried out at a constant engine speed of 660 rpm. Torque values of 25 %, 50 %, and 100 % (386 Nm) were used in the experiments, respectively. As a result of the experiments, it was seen that as the ammonia percentage increased, the engine efficiency was negatively affected. At 100 % torque, when comparing the BTE value of pure diesel fuel with the BTE values of experiments with 5 %, 10 %, and 15 % ammonia addition, decreases of 0.09 %, 2.27 %, and 3.57 % were observed, respectively. In experiments conducted with pure water, although the thermal efficiency increased significantly as the torque ratio increased, it still could not reach the thermal efficiency of pure diesel fuel. On the other hand, it has been observed that water vapor improves NO and HC emissions. While the NO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">x</ce:inf> value tends to increase with the increase in ammonia concentration at low and medium load values, the NO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">x</ce:inf> value tends to decrease relatively as the ammonia concentration increases at 100 % torque value. The highest NO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">x</ce:inf> emission value, 534 ppmvol, occurred in the experiments with 15 % NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf>OH addition. It was observed that the NO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">x</ce:inf> emission value of all experiments conducted with aqueous ammonia additive at 100 % torque was lower than pure diesel. In this study, the effects of NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf>OH and H<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O on engine performance and emissions were investigated.","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142275708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the shielding of harmful components in spent FCC catalyst tailings","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2024.09.030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2024.09.030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The sodium roasting-water leaching process, the primary method for recycling valuable metals in spent FCC catalysts, has been industrialized and has good economic benefits. However, it also presents a significant challenge. Every ton of waste processed by the FCC catalyst will produce 0.75 tons of tailings, mainly containing silicon-aluminum-based substances, residual valuable metals, and other harmful components. These spent FCC catalyst tailings are listed as hazardous in the 'National List of Hazardous Wastes.' The need for harmless tailings disposal is crucial for its resource utilization and to mitigate its environmental impact. This study, which focuses on the resource characteristics of silicon-aluminum-based substances in spent FCC catalyst tailings, develops a method to shield harmful components and solve the resource utilization problem, which can significantly impact the waste management field. The research has laid a theoretical foundation for hazardous waste's harmless disposal and resource utilization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142243494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective adsorption performance and mechanism of methylene blue from dye wastewater by humic acid sucrose-modified red mud","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2024.09.047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2024.09.047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The release control of organic dye pollutants has become a global issue, and improper disposal of red mud(RM) can also cause environmental pollution. In this paper, a novel composite material, RM-SC-HA, was prepared to adsorb MB (methylene blue) from dye wastewater by co-hydrothermal treatment using RM, sucrose, and humic acid as raw materials. RM-SC-HA is simple to prepare and has better adsorption of MB in dye wastewater. The results supported the proposed secondary (R² = 0.99) kinetic model, which states that chemisorption is the primary form of adsorption. The maximum amount of adsorption, which was achieved by Langmuir's isothermal model, was 417.12 mg/g. In addition, the adsorption mechanism can be attributed to the role of electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking and void diffusion. When RM-SC-HA was used to treat simulated industrial wastewater samples, the removal rate was also maintained at a high level(About 90 %). In addition, RM-SC-HA has good magnetic properties and reusability. Its magnetic properties (saturation magnetization value of 2.49 emu/g) make it easy to separate from water under an applied magnetic field. The present study provides an efficient novel MB adsorbent and promotes the practical application of modified RM composites in water purification.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142243495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing supply and production management through energy storage strategies: A solar cold production approach using artificial neural networks","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2024.09.039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2024.09.039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The reliability of clean renewable energy hinges on robust energy systems, with storage serving a critical function. This paper investigates the influence of various storage types and configurations on thermal performance, with a focus on optimal sizing for economic and environmental cost reduction. To achieve this objective, we simulate a solar cooling facility with varied configurations of hot/cold storage installations. This study employs an ANN methodology with a multi-layer perceptron approach to forecast unit performance for each configuration based on data generated during the simulation process. In the pursuit of the most efficient and high-performance network, a comprehensive investigation is conducted on the number of neurons, activation functions, and training algorithms. Subsequently, the optimization process, conducted through a genetic algorithm, determines the Pareto fronts representing the best solution sets. The comparison shows that a system design with double hot and cold storage tanks shows superior techno-economic-environmental performance. Among possible optimum solution sets, a point with this specification is selected; flow rate ratio, minimum flow ratio, cooling capacity ratio, cold storage ratio, and hot storage ratio of 1.2, 0.4, 0.91, 3.4, and 3.8, respectively. This configuration anticipates a levelized cost of cooling at 341 USD/MWhr, representing a 13 % reduction compared to the benchmark.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0957582024011716/pdfft?md5=c7c0af9a7e4a905e75b75ab2d41939bd&pid=1-s2.0-S0957582024011716-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142274377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Degradation mechanism of metronidazole using persulfate activated by boron/copper doped biochar derived from Chlorella vulgaris","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2024.09.050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2024.09.050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Chlorella</em> biochar modified with boron and copper (B/Cu-BC) was created and used to break down the antibiotic metronidazole (MNZ) through peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. The physicochemical properties of B/Cu-BC were analyzed using SEM, BET, FTIR, XRD and XPS. The results showed that the modified <em>Chlorella</em> biochar, which included several oxygen-containing functional groups, exhibited a rise of 7.1 times in specific surface area and a rise of 8 times in pore volume compared to the unmodified variant. Under the optimal conditions, the B/Cu-BC+PMS system removed 86.6 % of MNZ in 90 min. The reaction mechanism of the system was confirmed by Quenching and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) experiments. The B/Cu-BC+PMS system was accompanied by SO₄•^-, •OH, •O₂^- and ¹O₂, in which •O₂^-was the main reactive oxygen species (ROS). The intermediates in the degradation process of MNZ were investigated using HPLC-MS, and two potential degradation pathways of MNZ were suggested. Finally, the toxicology of the intermediates from the MNZ degradation process was analyzed by toxicity estimation software tool. The bioconcentration coefficients and mutagenicity coefficients showed a significant decrease, indicating that the system could efficiently degrade the antibiotic MNZ in an environmentally friendly manner.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142274381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-yield synthesis of quasi-MOF using synergistic modulated hydrothermal process for NH3-SCR of NOx","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2024.09.044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2024.09.044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) hold immense promise for low-temperature denitrification (de-NO_<em>x</em>) owing to their tunable pore size and active sites, nevertheless, their practical application is impeded by low yields. In this investigation, we introduce a synergistic modulated hydrothermal (SMHT) method designed to cooperatively control pre-cluster and solution pH using acetic acid and N, N-dimethylformamide, with the aim of enhancing MOFs yields. The TEOS&amp;Mn-BTC-HY catalyst synthesized by the method of SMHT successfully increased the yield from 21 % of the input to 63 % compared with the TEOS&amp;Mn-BTC catalyst synthesized by the hydrothermal method. Characterization analysis and performance testing reveal that the structure of TEOS&amp;Mn-BTC-HY is minimally affected by the SMHT method, and its performance remains excellent. The de-NO_<em>x</em> efficiency remained above 90 % in the temperature range of 90–300 ℃, and even under challenging conditions such as 6 % H₂O or 100 ppm SO₂ at 150 ℃ for 10 h, the performance still exceeded 90 %. The designed SMHT process offers valuable insights for expanding MOFs production and further advancing the application of MOFs in the realm of de-NO_<em>x</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142172546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simple synthesis of 2D/3D mpg-C3N4/ZnO nanocages with built-in driven Z-scheme heterostructures: Photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline antibiotics and lifting the limitation of the complex water environment","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2024.09.036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2024.09.036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tetracycline antibiotics have attracted attention due to their difficulty in being degraded by the natural environment. In this work, 2D/3D mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (mpg-C₃N₄)/ zinc oxide (ZnO) hollow nanocage (MCNZH) complexes with Z-scheme heterostructure were prepared for the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline antibiotics. The catalysts were characterized by SEM, TEM, BET, XRD, FT-IR, EIS, etc. The degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (40 mg L^–1) by MCNZH (1.2 g L^–1) can reach 92.08 %. Further, the energy band structure of the catalysts were calculated and the possible degradation mechanism was proposed. The results showed that ·OH^– and ·O₂^– were the main active species, and the internal electric field suppressed the compounding of photogenerated carriers. The catalysts exhibited broad-spectrum degradation of tetracycline antibiotics. Practical sample spiking experiments on soil and river water confirmed its practicability, which provide great significance for the application of the photocatalytic technology in the practical environmental purification.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142167309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient removal and recovery of lead from high arsenic antimony oxide powder","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2024.09.043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2024.09.043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The existence of Pb in crude antimony oxide powder(CAOP) hinders the further smelting and recovery of Sb and leads to some environmental problems. Therefore, the selective removal of Pb from CAOP is important for the production of high-purity antimony products. In this work, Pb in CAOP is removed by HNO₃ leaching, achieving purification of CAOP. Then H₂SO₄ is used to recover Pb from the HNO₃ leaching solution. The Pb leaching efficiency reaches 98.9 %, resulting in a decrease in the Pb content from 4.56 % to 0.20 % in CAOP. The Sb leaching efficiency is controlled at around 5.0 %. These confirm HNO₃ has good selectivity. The HNO₃ disrupts the molecular structure of the raw materials during the leaching, resulting in the conversion of Sb₂O₃ and As₂O₃ into insoluble AsSbO₄. By adding H₂SO₄ to the leaching solution, the Pb precipitation efficiency reaches 93.6 %. After Pb removal, the leaching solution can be re-used for the leaching of Pb, while the residue can be directly returned to the pyrometallurgical system. The reaction mechanism and a novel approach for removing Pb from CAOP are proposed, which have the advantages of high selectivity, effective Pb separation, and recoverable HNO₃.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142327106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}