{"title":"Software Design and Analytical Challenges for Confident Glycopeptide Identification With Data-Independent Acquisition.","authors":"Mary Rachel Nalehua, Joseph Zaia","doi":"10.1002/mas.70000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mas.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glycosylation is an abundant post-translational modification that impacts a wide variety of functions, including protein regulation, cell adhesion, and structural integrity. The application of proteomics methods to glycopeptide assignment faces unique challenges due to high heterogeneity, which results in complex populations with low overall abundance per glycopeptide. In addition, glycans dissociate at a lower collision energy compared to their attached peptide component. The resulting mass spectral data require specialized assignment software, which has caused glycoproteomics to lag traditional proteomics. Existing software primarily focuses on data-dependent acquisition (DDA), but manual validation is frequently required, and experiments are necessarily limited by the stochastic nature of DDA ion-selection. Data-independent acquisition (DIA) allows for a more complete and robust analysis of glycopeptide samples, but analysis software is still sparse. In this review, we discuss the current state of DDA analysis software, the limitations, and how it can inform our forays into DIA glycoproteomics.</p>","PeriodicalId":206,"journal":{"name":"Mass Spectrometry Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144525636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Duong T Bui, Elena N Kitova, Ling Han, Lara K Mahal, John S Klassen
{"title":"Quantifying Protein-Glycan Interactions Using Native Mass Spectrometry.","authors":"Duong T Bui, Elena N Kitova, Ling Han, Lara K Mahal, John S Klassen","doi":"10.1002/mas.21943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mas.21943","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interactions between glycan-binding proteins (GBPs) and carbohydrates (glycans) are essential to many biological processes relevant to human health and disease. For most GBPs, however, their glycan interactome-the repertoire of glycans recognized and their specificities-is poorly defined. The structural diversity of biologically relevant glycans and their limited availability in purified form, as well as their varied presentation, often as glycoconjugates, and weak affinities are key challenges hindering comprehensive glycan interaction mapping. Native mass spectrometry (nMS), a versatile, sensitive and label-free tool for the discovery of GBP-glycan interactions and quantifying their stoichiometry and thermodynamic parameters, is poised to play a leading role in defining the glycan interactome of GBPs. Here, we review established nMS methodologies, as well as important experimental and instrumental considerations, for detecting GBP-glycan interactions in vitro, and reliably measuring their stoichiometry and affinity. Recent advances in nMS methods for high-throughput library screening, including shotgun glycomics, and quantifying GBP interactions with glycoproteins and glycosphingolipids, are also described.</p>","PeriodicalId":206,"journal":{"name":"Mass Spectrometry Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144525635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karl F Poncha, Alyssa T Paparella, Nicolas L Young
{"title":"Unraveling Posttranslational Modification Complexity: Advances in Quantitative Histone Proteoform Mass Spectrometry.","authors":"Karl F Poncha, Alyssa T Paparella, Nicolas L Young","doi":"10.1002/mas.21941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mas.21941","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Histone proteins and their posttranslational modifications are central to chromatin structure and function. These modifications often occur in combinations, generating a diverse array of histone proteoforms that contribute to the dynamic regulation of chromatin architecture. Advancements in mass spectrometry-based proteomics, particularly top-down and middle-down approaches, have significantly enhanced our ability to characterize these proteoforms and elucidate PTM crosstalk. This review provides an analysis of the epigenetic machinery involved in the addition, recognition, and removal of histone PTMs, emphasizing the complexity introduced by histone variants and combinatorial PTM patterns. We examine the challenges and limitations of traditional antibody-based methods for PTM analysis and highlight the advantages of mass spectrometry techniques in providing comprehensive and quantitative insights into histone proteoforms. Key considerations in experimental design, sample preparation, chromatographic separation, and data analysis are outlined for the effective application of mass spectrometry for histone proteoform studies. By integrating these technological advancements on the side of sample preparation, instrumentation, and data processing a deeper understanding of chromatin regulation through PTM crosstalk is achieved, paving the way for mass spectrometry-based proteomics to spearhead the discovery of novel therapeutic strategies with proteoform level specificity.</p>","PeriodicalId":206,"journal":{"name":"Mass Spectrometry Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Iman Zarei, Ambrin Farizah Babu, Ville M Koistinen, Marjo Tuomainen, Anna Kårlund, Retu Haikonen, Marko Lehtonen, Kati Hanhineva
{"title":"Analysis of Methylated Quaternary Ammonium Compounds Using Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography Combined With Mass Spectrometry.","authors":"Iman Zarei, Ambrin Farizah Babu, Ville M Koistinen, Marjo Tuomainen, Anna Kårlund, Retu Haikonen, Marko Lehtonen, Kati Hanhineva","doi":"10.1002/mas.21942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mas.21942","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is a powerful technique for the detection and quantification of methylated quaternary ammonium compounds (mQACs), such as acylcarnitines and methylated amino-acid-derived (betainized) compounds, in biological matrices. Due to their high polarity and permanent charge, mQACs present analytical challenges, particularly in achieving efficient chromatographic retention and resolution. Here, we focus on the application of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometric (HILIC-MS), for the analysis of these compound classes in biological samples. We highlight practical considerations in their analysis, including their MS/MS fragmentation patterns and identification in positive electrospray mode (ESI)<sup>+</sup>, to support researchers working with mQACs in targeted or untargeted metabolomics studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":206,"journal":{"name":"Mass Spectrometry Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144172183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reflections on an International Career in Chemistry","authors":"Richard B. Cole","doi":"10.1002/mas.21939","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mas.21939","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":206,"journal":{"name":"Mass Spectrometry Reviews","volume":"44 5","pages":"673-681"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144136107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Practical Applications of Secondary/Extractive Electrospray Ionization (SESI): A Versatile Tool for Real-Time Chemical Analysis.","authors":"Xin Luo, Huiling Wang, Xiaolan Hu, Sasho Gligorovski, Xue Li, Pablo Sinues","doi":"10.1002/mas.21938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mas.21938","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the 1980s, researchers discovered the remarkable ability of electrospray plumes to effectively ionize gas-phase molecules via secondary ionization. Around 20 years later-coinciding with the ambient mass spectrometry revolution-secondary electrospray ionization (SESI) and extractive electrospray ionization (EESI) coupled to mass spectrometry were revisited and further developed to analyze complex mixtures of gas and aerosol samples in real-time yet with high sensitivity. During the past two decades, these mass spectrometric techniques have been applied across a broad range of applications, such as the detection of illicit drugs, environmental aerosol analysis, and a series of metabolomic studies through the analysis of volatiles emitted from living organisms. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the progress of SESI and EESI applications since their emergence. Finally, we discuss the opportunities, challenges, along with future directions of SESI and EESI techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":206,"journal":{"name":"Mass Spectrometry Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144092442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inspired by Chemistry Through Research, Teaching, and Life.","authors":"Chrys Wesdemiotis","doi":"10.1002/mas.21937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mas.21937","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A short biography focusing on educational activities and professional career.</p>","PeriodicalId":206,"journal":{"name":"Mass Spectrometry Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143951642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Special Issue Dedicated to the Outstanding Scientific Career of Prof. Chrys Wesdemiotis.","authors":"Laurence Charles, Bryan Katzenmeyer","doi":"10.1002/mas.21940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mas.21940","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":206,"journal":{"name":"Mass Spectrometry Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143961813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Richard B. Cole—Reminiscences Upon the Occasion of His Retirement From Sorbonne Université","authors":"André M. Striegel","doi":"10.1002/mas.21936","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mas.21936","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":206,"journal":{"name":"Mass Spectrometry Reviews","volume":"44 5","pages":"670-672"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143956507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Progress in Characterization of Lipopolysaccharides and Lipid A by Mass Spectrometry.","authors":"Amanda Helms, Jennifer S Brodbelt","doi":"10.1002/mas.21934","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mas.21934","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are complex molecules embedded in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. LPS are highly heterogeneous across species and strains, posing a significant analytical challenge. This review article explores recent advances in the identification and characterization of LPS, with a particular focus on the role of mass spectrometry (MS) techniques. The review highlights how MS, in conjunction with various separation methods and spanning different ionization techniques and dissociation modes, has enabled more precise and sensitive determination of LPS composition, with a focus on lipid A structure. Finally, emerging trends in MS applications for LPS research are discussed and its potential to provide deeper insights into the development of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic bacteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":206,"journal":{"name":"Mass Spectrometry Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12240185/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143951726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}