Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine最新文献

{"title":"The effect of file type and DXA protocol on an image processing fracture risk prediction tool.","authors":"Ali Ammar, Fatemeh Jazinizadeh, Jonathan D Adachi, Cheryl E Quenneville","doi":"10.1177/09544119251327649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544119251327649","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteoporosis, a common bone disease in older adults, is associated with low bone mineral density (BMD) and an increased risk of fractures. While fracture risk is often assessed using T-scores derived from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans, these measures are not fully effective in identifying individuals at greatest risk. To address this, a Statistical Shape and Appearance Modeling (SSAM) tool was previously developed to analyze femur shape and BMD distribution and demonstrated superior fracture risk prediction compared to T-scores using hip DXA scans exported in JPG format. The present study aimed to evaluate whether changes in DXA-imaging protocol (hip protocol vs. High-Definition Instant Vertebral Assessment (IVA-HD)) may influence the image and the SSAM tool's fracture risk predictions. The effect of image file type (JPG vs. PNG) was also explored, as native formats such as Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) cannot be readily exported or saved in large databases. DXA scans from 36 subjects and seven cadaveric femurs were analyzed across four imaging conditions (file types and imaging protocols). Structural Similarity Index Measures (SSIM) quantified image differences, and Bland-Altman plots assessed agreement in fracture risk predictions. Minimal differences were found in SSAM tool outputs across protocols and file types. Higher-resolution scans (IVA-HD) and lossless file types (PNG) did not improve the accuracy of risk predictions compared to the standard hip protocol in JPG format. These findings suggest that the SSAM tool is robust to variations in imaging conditions, supporting its use with standard DXA imaging protocols and file formats.</p>","PeriodicalId":20666,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine","volume":"239 3","pages":"308-320"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12003932/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144030671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthetic data generation in motion analysis: A generative deep learning framework.","authors":"Mattia Perrone, Steven P Mell, John T Martin, Shane J Nho, Scott Simmons, Philip Malloy","doi":"10.1177/09544119251315877","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09544119251315877","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Generative deep learning has emerged as a promising data augmentation technique in recent years. This approach becomes particularly valuable in areas such as motion analysis, where it is challenging to collect substantial amounts of data. The objective of the current study is to introduce a data augmentation strategy that relies on a variational autoencoder to generate synthetic data of kinetic and kinematic variables. The kinematic and kinetic variables consist of hip and knee joint angles and moments, respectively, in both sagittal and frontal plane, and ground reaction forces. Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) did not detect significant differences between real and synthetic data for each of the biomechanical variables considered. To further evaluate the effectiveness of this approach, a long-short term model (LSTM) was trained both only on real data (R) and on the combination of real and synthetic data (R&S); the performance of each of these two trained models was then assessed on real test data unseen during training. The principal findings included achieving comparable results in terms of nRMSE when predicting knee joint moments in the frontal (R&S: 9.86% vs R: 10.72%) and sagittal plane (R&S: 9.21% vs R: 9.75%), and hip joint moments in the frontal (R&S: 16.93% vs R: 16.79%) and sagittal plane (R&S: 13.29% vs R: 14.60%). The main novelty of this study lies in introducing an effective data augmentation approach in motion analysis settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":20666,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"202-211"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143123469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bone Data Lake: A storage platform for bone texture analysis.","authors":"Marcin Wolski, Tomasz Woloszynski, Gwidon Stachowiak, Pawel Podsiadlo","doi":"10.1177/09544119251318434","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09544119251318434","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trabecular bone (TB) texture regions selected on hand and knee X-ray images can be used to detect and predict osteoarthritis (OA). However, the analysis has been impeded by increasing data volume and diversification of data formats. To address this problem, a novel storage platform, called Bone Data Lake (BDL) is proposed for the collection and retention of large numbers of images, TB texture regions and parameters, regardless of their structure, size and source. BDL consists of three components, i.e.: a raw data storage, a processed data storage, and a data reference system. The performance of the BDL was evaluated using 20,000 knee and hand X-ray images of various formats (DICOM, PNG, JPEG, BMP, and compressed TIFF) and sizes (from 0.3 to 66.7 MB). The images were uploaded into BDL and automatically converted into a standardized 8-bit grayscale uncompressed TIFF format. TB regions of interest were then selected on the standardized images, and a data catalog containing metadata information about the regions was constructed. Next, TB texture parameters were calculated for the regions using Variance Orientation Transform (VOT) and Augmented VOT (AVOT) methods and stored in XLSX files. The files were uploaded into BDL, and then transformed into CSV files and cataloged. Results showed that the BDL efficiently transforms images and catalogs bone regions and texture parameters. BDL can serve as the foundation of a reliable, secure and collaborative system for OA detection and prediction based on radiographs and TB texture.</p>","PeriodicalId":20666,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"190-201"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143468877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of mechanical biocompatibility of cog threads for prolapse repair.","authors":"N M Ferreira, M E T Silva, M P L Parente, F Pinheiro, T Mascarenhas, A A Fernandes","doi":"10.1177/09544119251321130","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09544119251321130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pelvic floor disorders (PFD), including Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP), can negatively impact a woman's daily activities and quality of life. POP is a growing concern, with an increasing number of cases each year and significant numbers of women going through surgery to alleviate it. Traditional interventions like the use of mesh implants have certain limitations such as repeated surgeries. An alternative surgical intervention technique using injectable biodegradable cog threads was suggested. The application of Finite element analysis (FEA) to this research allows us to personalize and select suitable POP correction techniques and study the effect of alternative reinforcement techniques. The 3D computational model of the vagina will be used to simulate defect repair using cog threads. To accurately model this, we conducted uniaxial tensile tests on both the polycaprolactone (PCL) cog threads and the sow's vaginal tissues, which mimic human tissue, providing vital data for precise finite element modeling. The study's findings suggest that cog threads may have the potential to provide benefits in the treatment of POP. This study provides a starting point for further research on cog threads as one possible treatment option for POP.</p>","PeriodicalId":20666,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine","volume":"239 2","pages":"155-164"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143764970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Torsional behavior of peripheral vascular stents: The role of stent design parameters.","authors":"Xiang Shen, Jiahao Chen, Yue Xu, Qiang Liu, Zewen He, Lei Wang, Peng Sun, Hongfei Zhu, Hengfeng Yan","doi":"10.1177/09544119251317621","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09544119251317621","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Torsional performance is a critical evaluation criterion in the design of peripheral vascular stents, enabling them to adapt to the deformation of the vessel to reduce damage to the vascular wall and thus avoiding in-stent restenosis (ISR). Therefore, this study employed the finite element method (FEM) to investigate the impact of stent design parameters on the torsional behavior of self-expanding peripheral vascular stents. These parameters included stent diameter and thickness, as well as the length and width of struts and links. Results revealed that among all parameters, strut length and width significantly influence the stent torsional performance, whereas link width has a lesser effect. Notably, increasing strut length and decreasing strut width were found to significantly reduce the required torque, with the twist metric (TM) reduced by approximately 86.3% when strut length increased from 1.2 to 2.8 mm. Moreover, reductions in stent diameter and thickness, alongside an increase in link length, further contributed to a decrease in TM, thereby enhancing the stent torsional performance. This study may provide insights for better peripheral stent design and clinical decision of stent choice.</p>","PeriodicalId":20666,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"121-132"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143441799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic pain classification using PPG and ECG parameters selected via hybrid feature selection.","authors":"Jia-Hao Cai, De-Fu Jhang, Shih-Che Hung, Yu-Ting Tai, Chia-Yu Hsu, Chiung-Cheng Chuang","doi":"10.1177/09544119241309424","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09544119241309424","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Current chronic pain intensity assessment methods are large based on self-description, which is the gold-standard in clinical practice. However, for patients who lack communication ability or consciousness, this challenging task falls on medical staff. Our study aimed to develop a pain intensity classification system to perform this task automatically. Electrocardiogram and photoplethysmography (PPG) recordings from 43 patients with pain were analyzed with recordings from 20 healthy volunteers as a control group. A numerical rating scale was derived to assess pain intensity, which was divided into four categories of no pain, low pain, moderate pain, and severe pain as specific labels. To explore the robustness of PPG and heart rate variability (HRV) features, a hybrid feature selection (HFS) method was applied to identify important indicators based on majority rule. Additionally, a multi-class support vector machine (SVM) was utilized for classification with 10-fold cross validation. The overall estimation accuracy of the SVM for the four pain intensity levels was approximately 74.6%. It was determined that PPG and HRV features with HFS can provide sufficient information to discriminate different pain intensities in myofascial chronic pain patients. Additionally, our study yielded a novel perspective regarding the trends of PPG features in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":20666,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"227-235"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143503761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A proposal to analyze muscle fiber type composition in the soleus muscle of untrained subjects and sprinters using surface EMG signals.","authors":"Venugopal Gopinath, Manuskandan Swaminathan Ramakrishnan, Remya R Nair, Ramakrishnan Swaminathan","doi":"10.1177/09544119251321129","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09544119251321129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Muscle fiber type proportion is a key determinant of fatigue, force generation, and functions of different skeletal muscles. Analysis of muscle fiber type composition aids in the assessment of athletic abilities and individualization of training methods. This study attempts to non-invasively analyze the muscle fiber type composition in the soleus (SOL) of untrained subjects (UT) and sprinters (SP) using surface electromyography-based time-frequency analysis. Signals are recorded from both groups during an isometric calf raise test with loads until fatigue. Filtered signals are segmented into epochs of 1-s duration and processed using a reassigned Morlet scalogram. Four time-frequency features namely averaged frequency, squared frequency bandwidth, averaged time, and squared time duration are extracted from the reassigned distribution and are subjected to linear regression analysis. A fiber-type-specific reassigned profile is noticed for UT and SP reflecting their distinct muscle composition during their non-fatigue and fatigue states. The regression parameters namely slope, intercept, and Adjusted R-square values are higher for the signals of SP indicating their fast-fatigue characteristics. Greater variation of features during fatigue is noticed in the signals of UT compared to SP. Among the features, the squared time duration exhibits the highest significance of <i>p</i> = 8.75E-07 in differentiating the signals of UT and SP during the non-fatigue state. Thus, the proposed approach is found suitable for analyzing the fiber type differences in both subject groups. This work may be further extended in sports biomechanics for studying the fiber-type transformations in muscles due to different athletic training strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20666,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"144-154"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis and optimization of cortical bone drilling process based on stochastic optimization.","authors":"Ghodratollah Taheri, Reza Saeidi Abueshaghi, Farbod Setoudeh, Vahid Tahmasbi, Mohammad Mohammadian","doi":"10.1177/09544119251321134","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09544119251321134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The process of bone drilling is essential in orthopedic surgery and fracture treatment, involving the machining of anisotropic composite materials that exhibit significant hardness and strength. This technique is commonly employed to access underlying tissues, place implants, or remove damaged tissue. However, the challenging nature of this process can lead to high shear forces and elevated temperatures, which pose a risk of thermal necrosis - a condition that damages bone tissue due to excessive heat generated during surgery. When drilling temperatures exceed the critical threshold of 47°C, it can result in the death of bone tissue cells, contributing to micro-cracks, and layering within the bone structure. This study examines the effects of key drilling parameters - rotational speed, feed rate, and tool diameter - and is divided into two main sections: laboratory experiments and statistical modeling using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). A sensitivity analysis was also performed to assess how optimal parameter values influence output temperature. The results emphasize the significance of temperature control during the drilling process and demonstrate that optimizing these parameters greatly improves bone drilling procedures.To manage temperature effectively, researchers employed the Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approximation (SPSA) optimization algorithm, recognized for its high accuracy and efficiency. Laboratory drilling tests were carried out using the optimal values derived from this optimization process, confirming its effectiveness. Additionally, the findings indicate that temperature fluctuations are influenced by the type of bone, its softness or hardness, and the inherent properties of anisotropic composite materials, which can also contribute to higher temperatures during drilling. Overall, this research underscores the vital importance of parameter optimization in enhancing outcomes in orthopedic applications and reducing the risks associated with thermal necrosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":20666,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"178-189"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143625661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational study on the effect of thermal deformation of myocardium on lesion formation during radiofrequency ablation.","authors":"Pei Xin Niu, Xiang Xiang Wang, Jing Jin Shen, Xiao Xiao Jin, Zhen Yu Zhou","doi":"10.1177/09544119251321131","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09544119251321131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation treats cardiac diseases by inducing thermal lesion of cardiac tissues through radiofrequency energy operating at around 500 kHz. The electromagnetic wavelength is significantly longer than the size of the radiofrequency active electrode, the tissue is heated through resistive heating. During thermal ablation, the coupled thermo-mechanical property of cardiac tissue influencing the contact area between the electrode and tissue plays a crucial role in the formation of thermal lesions, yet the literature often overlooks the effect of thermal deformation. This paper proposes a thermo-hyperelastic constitutive model for myocardium that models thermal contraction and expansion during ablation. Furthermore, a finite element model was established to investigate the effect of the electro-thermo-mechanical coupling property of myocardium on lesion formation under different contact forces. To ensure convergence, we solved the fully coupled electro-thermo-mechanical finite element model using the segregated step method. The computational results demonstrate that thermal deformation, which causes an expansion in the tissue-electrode contact area, increases lesion width and volume, while its influence on lesion depth is negligible. Specifically, after a 30-s ablation under contact forces of 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2 N, the lesion volume increased from 4.53, 7.66, and 10.62 mm³ (without thermo-mechanical coupling) to 5.36, 8.33, and 13.34 mm³ (with thermo-mechanical coupling), respectively. Similarly, the lesion width increased from 2.68, 3.12, and 3.44 mm to 2.78, 3.22, and 3.62 mm. Moreover, both thermal deformation and contact force exert a minimal effect on lesion formation time.</p>","PeriodicalId":20666,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"133-143"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143516493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rings in Taylor Spatial Frame: Mechanical testing and finite element analysis.","authors":"Ahmad Zamani, Michalis Zenios, S Olutunde Oyadiji","doi":"10.1177/09544119251321128","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09544119251321128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Taylor Spatial Frame (TSF) is a type of hexapod external ring fixation system. TSF rings are supplied as half rings, whole full rings and two third rings in different sizes. In this work, these components as well as bolted full rings made of two half rings were tested in compression in two or three directions. Tests were simulated by Finite Element (FE) method using 3D solid elements, which were validated against the experimental results. Load-deflection curves and values for stiffness and ultimate loads are presented for each case from both tests and FE analyses. Load-stiffness curves are also presented for each test. The followings were demonstrated by the results: (1) a significant difference between bolted and whole full rings in their respective stiffness behaviour, the clear advantage being with the whole full rings, (2) a variation in stiffness of bolted rings when loaded across their different diameters, (3) a potential problem in the TSF rings: having the same cross section and thickness, smaller rings are stronger than larger ones, whereas in fact the larger ones ought to be stronger due to patient's weight and that (4) the lowest stiffness was exhibited when a 2/3 ring was loaded parallel to the line joining its open ends.</p>","PeriodicalId":20666,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"165-177"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11907730/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143625677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}