Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Enhancing structural integrity of PMMA hip spacers for two-stage revision surgery through titanium reinforcement.","authors":"Daho Boumaiza, Mohamed Mokhtar Bouziane, Habiba Bougherara, Bel Abbes Bachir Bouiadjra, Mohamed Amine Medebber, Abdelnour Zaim, Abdelhafid Mallek, Mokhtar Khaldi","doi":"10.1177/09544119261497826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544119261497826","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PMMA hip spacers used in two-stage revision surgery are prone to brittle fracture due to their low fracture toughness and the presence of defects that can initiate crack growth, motivating the need to assess the effectiveness of metallic reinforcement under quasi-static loading conditions. This study evaluates the fracture behavior of reinforced and unreinforced hip spacers using a validated explicit finite element model combined with a sub-modeling approach, in which a spacer embedded in a femoral cavity is simulated and a quarter-elliptical corner crack is introduced in the most highly stressed region to compute stress intensity factors for Modes I, II, and III across varying crack sizes and reinforcement thicknesses. The numerical predictions showed good agreement with experimental load-displacement results, confirming the validity of the model. For unreinforced spacers, Mode I stress intensity factors exceeded the fracture toughness of PMMA for all crack sizes, indicating a high risk of crack propagation and fracture, with Mode I identified as the dominant failure mechanism while Modes II and III contributed minimally. The incorporation of titanium reinforcement significantly reduced stress intensity factors, achieving reductions exceeding 85% for 6 mm reinforcement and further improvement for 8 mm reinforcement, while increasing thickness to 10 mm produced only limited additional benefit. Overall, reinforcement enabled the spacer to withstand loads representative of daily activities, demonstrating that unreinforced spacers are highly susceptible to fracture whereas reinforced designs substantially improve structural integrity, with an 8 mm titanium reinforcement providing an optimal balance between mechanical strength and efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":20666,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"9544119261497826"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomechanical evaluation of a dual-layer cushion for pilot ejection seats: Full-scale dummy tests and finite element analysis.","authors":"Jin Yan, Pengyan Zhou, Yixuan Guan, Jiayi Bao, Huawei Liu","doi":"10.1177/09544119261498658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544119261498658","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spinal and neck injuries are major biomechanical concerns during pilot ejection, particularly under high vertical acceleration. As the main load-transfer interface between the seat pan and the occupant, the cushion affects how impact loads are transmitted to the body. This study evaluated a dual-layer cushion consisting of an N3 slow-recovery contact layer and an N1 high-rebound support layer at a thickness ratio of 2:1, with a single-layer N1 cushion as the reference. Full-scale vertical dummy ejection tests at 10 G and 14 G were used to assess dynamic responses of the spine and neck. A CT-based human-cushion finite element model was also used to analyse static interface pressure and local spinal responses under a representative high-acceleration condition. Compared with the reference cushion, the dual-layer cushion reduced <math><mrow><mi>DRI</mi></mrow></math> by 17.6% at 10 G and 7.3% at 14 G, while also reducing the resultant forces and <math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>ij</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math> values in the upper and lower neck. At 14 G, upper- and lower-neck <math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi><mi>j</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math> decreased by 19.9% and 27.6%, respectively. The finite element results further showed reductions of 13.1% and 14.5% in peak stress at the L4-L5 and L5-S1 intervertebral discs, respectively. These results indicate that layered cushion materials can alter impact-load transmission at the human-seat interface and reduce biomechanical responses associated with spinal and neck injury. The dummy tests and human finite element analysis provide complementary evidence at the whole-body dynamic and local tissue-mechanical levels for evaluating the biomechanical protection of the dual-layer cushion.</p>","PeriodicalId":20666,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"9544119261498658"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An integrated framework for rapid creation of finite element subject-specific human body models for injury analysis.","authors":"Feng Zhu, Zhiqing Cheng","doi":"10.1177/09544119261497431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544119261497431","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Subject-specific finite element (FE) human body models are valuable for biomechanics, injury analysis, and personalized medical planning; however, generating such models efficiently while maintaining mesh quality and solver compatibility remains challenging. This study presents an integrated framework for rapid FE human body model morphing with three key features. First, the framework uses automatic multi-source landmark generation, combining surface correspondences, extremal points, curvature-based landmarks, edge or boundary points, and FE-proximity anchors to improve anatomical coverage and deformation control. Second, it incorporates landmark down-sampling before nonrigid radial basis function (RBF) morphing to reduce computational cost while preserving a spatially distributed set of control points. Third, it directly updates the nodal coordinates of the original FE model, thereby preserving element connectivity, part definitions, material assignments, contacts, boundary conditions, and other solver keyword structures. The framework was demonstrated using two model-to-model morphing cases based on existing FE human body model geometries rather than CT- or MRI-derived subject anatomy: morphing a THUMS 10YO thoracic spine toward CHARM-10 geometry and morphing a VIVA+ F50 torso toward VIVA+ M50 geometry. The morphed models showed improved geometric agreement with the target surfaces and remained numerically stable in spine torsion and sternum impact simulations, which were used as solver-readiness checks rather than full biomechanical validation. Runtime analysis showed that landmark alignment is the main computational bottleneck, and reducing landmark density before alignment can substantially lower computational cost, with a trade-off in geometric accuracy. These results demonstrate a promising solver-compatible FE morphing framework at regional and torso scales. Future work will evaluate additional anatomies, postures, mesh densities, model families, full-body models, and patient-derived geometries to fully validate the proposed framework as a general solution for subject-specific FE model generation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20666,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"9544119261497431"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-inspired electrosurgical knife with lubricant-assisted porous-groove surface and micro-serrated edge for reducing tissue adhesion and thermal injury.","authors":"Chen Li, Lifangke Liu, Jing Zhao, Zhen Shi, Lin Wang, Liping Zhou, Xiaodong Wang, Weibo Dou","doi":"10.1177/09544119261492543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544119261492543","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tissue adhesion and thermal injury remain major challenges in high-frequency electrosurgery because carbonized residues can accumulate on the electrode surface and reduce cutting stability. To address this issue, a coating-free bio-inspired electrosurgical knife was designed and fabricated from 316L stainless steel by selective laser melting. Inspired by loach-skin lubrication and anti-fouling characteristics, a porous-groove blade surface was designed for lubricant storage and transport. Inspired by crab-chela serrations, a micro-serrated cutting edge was introduced to reduce cutting resistance. Fluid-flow simulation showed that the porous-groove surface promoted lubricant retention and local recirculation, reducing near-wall resistance by up to 20.73%. Friction tests indicated that <i>D</i>_p = 350 μm and <i>L</i>_p = 800 μm produced the lowest lubricated friction coefficient of 0.362 among the tested porous-groove surfaces. Static cutting simulation and cutting-force tests confirmed that the micro-serrated edge reduced cutting resistance, with the lowest peak cutting force of approximately 0.605 N obtained at <i>H</i>₁ = 300 μm. Powered electrosurgical tests showed that the sample with <i>D</i>_p = 350 μm, <i>L</i>_p = 800 μm, and <i>H</i>₁ = 300 μm achieved the lowest apparent adhesion mass of 2.07 ± 0.67 mg, corresponding to a 61.5% reduction compared with the DT401 commercial smooth control electrode. The thermal damage areas on the upper and lateral tissue surfaces were reduced by 56.75% and 54.44%, respectively. These results demonstrate an effective engineering strategy for improving the anti-adhesion and thermal-safety performance of electrosurgical knives.</p>","PeriodicalId":20666,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"9544119261492543"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149166326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and implementation of a paradigm-specific cervical manipulation simulator with objective force-angle feedback.","authors":"Rafet Irmak","doi":"10.1177/09544119261496766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544119261496766","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cervical manipulation is a skill-intensive manual therapy procedure requiring precise control of traction force and angular displacement. Current physiotherapy training relies largely on peer-to-peer practice and subjective feedback, limiting quantitative assessment. This study describes the design and implementation of a paradigm-specific cervical manipulation simulator based on the Cyriax manual therapy concept. The proof-of-concept prototype was constructed from commercially available components with an estimated bill of materials cost of USD 820. An S-type load cell, analogue rotary encoder and USB data-acquisition system recorded traction force and angular position. Three C# software modules provided real-time acquisition, event-based post hoc visualisation and user-selected interval analysis. Angular velocity and acceleration were derived from the angle-time signal, and force-rate variables from the force-time signal; these derived variables were not independently validated against an external reference system. Traction force calibration was performed using verified reference loads, and custom software outputs were compared with the manufacturer's reference software under identical conditions. Across three calibration cycles, the pooled model was F(N) = 240.740 V - 36.373 (<i>R</i>² = 0.9894; SEE = 13.261 N), with maximum hysteresis of 4.83% of full-scale output and empirical expanded measurement uncertainty of ±11.161 N (<i>k</i> = 2). The platform recorded and visualised force-time and angle-time profiles and illustrative instructor-selected deviations. These results demonstrate technical feasibility and measurement capability but do not establish validity, reliability or educational effectiveness. Future studies should assess content and construct validity, test-retest reliability, expert-novice discrimination and transfer of learning.</p>","PeriodicalId":20666,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"9544119261496766"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149171147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An EEG-based framework for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis via single-channel multi-entropy fusion and ensemble learning.","authors":"Jiawen Li, Chen Ling, Yueheng Peng, Yue Yu, Guanyuan Feng, Wencai Du, Rongjun Chen","doi":"10.1177/09544119261496349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544119261496349","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline, and its early diagnosis is vital for timely intervention. However, most existing EEG-based diagnostic methods rely on multi-channel devices confined to hospital settings, limiting their accessibility for community screening. To address this gap, this study aims to develop a lightweight processing approach for portable, low-cost devices to support early AD diagnosis using single-channel EEG data, integrating signal purification with complementary entropy-based feature extraction and ensemble learning. Specifically, EEG signals are first decomposed into five brain rhythms (δ, θ, α, β, γ) using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) is then applied to extract Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) from the selected rhythm. Four entropy measures, including Differential Entropy (DE), Singular Spectral Entropy (SSE), Fuzzy Entropy (FE), and Sample Entropy (SE), are subsequently extracted from each IMF to construct the Multi-IMF Entropy Matrix (MIMFEM). After that, an ensemble learning framework combining five classifiers is designed to discriminate AD patients from healthy controls (HCs). The proposed method is evaluated on two public datasets using Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation (LOOCV). Using single-channel EEG data, our approach achieves classification accuracies of 97.92% on the Florida-based dataset and 81.54% on the AHEPA dataset, with corresponding F1-scores of 97.87% and 82.86%, respectively. These results, achieved with limited data sources, show that our approach provides an effective, practical solution for single-channel wearable AD screening and addresses the critical need for low-cost, accessible early diagnostic tools, advancing Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare through a lightweight model.</p>","PeriodicalId":20666,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"9544119261496349"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149169788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Static and dynamic biomechanical responses of the lumbar spine under different loads: A finite element study.","authors":"Jing-Fang Zhang, Jiang Zhang, Yan-An Yang, Rui-Chun Dong, Qian Li","doi":"10.1177/09544119261495735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544119261495735","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lumbar spinal loads differ across various scenarios, including lumbar extension in the lateral recumbent position, seated/standing trunk extension, upright sitting or standing, muscular tension, muscular relaxation, and whole-body vibration. Nevertheless, systematic comparative studies concerning lumbar biomechanical behaviors under these diverse scenarios remain scarce. To provide guidance and references for clinical biomechanics and simulation studies, this study adopts a validated lumbar-pelvic (L3-P) finite element model to investigate the biomechanical characteristics of the lumbar spine under various loading conditions. The maximum von Mises stress in the annulus fibrosus was located at the L5-S1 intervertebral disc under moment and follower-load conditions, whereas the maximum stress occurred at the L4-L5 intervertebral disc under gravity conditions. The maximum pressure in the nucleus pulposus consistently appeared at the L3-L4 segment under all applied loads. The facet joint contact force increased toward the lower lumbar spine. The loading sequence affected the transient process rather than the final results. Under whole-body vibration, the relaxed posture led to higher lumbar spinal loads and stresses, whereas a tensed muscular state reduced such loads and stresses. Therefore, appropriate loading conditions should be selected according to lumbar spinal status in clinical practice and simulation studies to achieve accurate evaluation and analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":20666,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"9544119261495735"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149128383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joint and multiplex recurrence network analysis of muscle coordination during fatigue progression using sEMG.","authors":"Abhijith M, Venugopal Gopinath","doi":"10.1177/09544119261493766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544119261493766","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Muscle fatigue is recognized as a multi-muscle, coordination-driven phenomenon rather than an isolated single-muscle response. This study investigates whether joint and multiplex recurrence network (JMRN) features derived from surface electromyography (sEMG) signals capture fatigue-related changes in inter-muscle coordination during dynamic contractions. Signals are recorded from gastrocnemius medialis (GM), gastrocnemius lateralis (GL), and soleus (SOL) along with toe-force measurements of 40 male subjects (<i>N</i> = 40) during dynamic calf raise test (CRT) to exhaustion. Un-truncated sEMG bursts across all repetitions (mean 32.65 ± 8.18 bursts; range: 18-53 bursts: 1306 bursts total) are mapped into phase space (<i>τ</i> = 10 samples = 5.0 ms, <i>m</i> = 4, downsampled to 100 nodes per burst) to construct fuzzy recurrence layers (kNN = 10). Network features including multiplex edge overlap, pairwise cosine coupling, joint strength, and density are extracted. A coordination fatigue index (CFI) is derived using leave-one-subject-out cross-validated (LOSO-CV) principal component analysis (PCA) to track fatigue progression, with the first principal component (PC1) explaining 84.06% of total variance. The proposed CFI showed statistically significant monotonic association with subjective fatigue onset (<i>N</i> = 40: Spearman <i>ρ</i> = 0.393, <i>p</i> = 0.0122, mean absolute error (MAE) = 8.60 bursts, accuracy ± 5 = 67.50%, Bland-Altman bias: -0.11 bursts) and force-based fatigue onset (<i>n</i> = 14: <i>ρ</i> = 0.425, <i>p</i> = 0.130, MAE = 3.64 bursts). Coordination features showed significant post-fatigue increases (<i>p_FDR</i> < 0.005, Benjamini-Hochberg corrected), reflecting elevated spatial synchronization. The JMRN framework provides a non-invasive approach for studying multi-muscle interactions during dynamic fatigue progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":20666,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"9544119261493766"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149137964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A generalized approach to compute entraining velocity of knee joint during walking.","authors":"Leandro E Robledo Blasco, Sebastián Ubal, Emiliano P Ravera, Brenda A Weiss","doi":"10.1177/09544119261494008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544119261494008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the knee joint, tangential motion between articular surfaces is commonly described in lubrication analysis through the entraining velocity <i>u</i>_e. Due to the complexity of joint geometry and kinematics, simplified assumptions are often introduced when modeling this quantity. This study presents a workflow to compute the entraining velocity in the knee joint. The proposed approach combines three-dimensional joint geometry derived from medical imaging with experimentally obtained motion data to characterize both the spatial configuration of the articular surfaces and their relative motion throughout the gait cycle. The method provides a consistent framework to estimate <i>u</i>_e without relying on prescribed functional forms. The computed velocity is compared with reference results available in the literature, showing similar trends while avoiding abrupt variations observed in some models. Although developed for the knee joint, the approach can be extended to other lubricated human joints. At the same time, its reliance on subject-specific inputs makes it suitable for personalized modeling of joint lubrication.</p>","PeriodicalId":20666,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"9544119261494008"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149137960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sitting posture influence on the biomechanical responses of the seated human body to whole-body vibration.","authors":"Naser Nawayseh, Ammar Hummieda, Omar Zidan, Amandeep Singh","doi":"10.1177/09544119261496003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544119261496003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Whole-body vibration (WBV) is widely used in rehabilitation, clinical practice and sports to improve various health conditions and enhance muscle performance. However, the biomechanical mechanisms underlying these beneficial effects remain unclear. Although vibration transmission during WBV training has been investigated in standing postures, seated postures remain largely unexplored. This study investigated how three sitting postures (slouched, upright, and tense) affect vibration transmission to and through the human body during WBV exposure. Twelve healthy male participants were exposed to vertical sinusoidal vibration with amplitude of 14.3 m/s² and frequency of 30 Hz while seated on a force plate mounted on the vibrating platform of a WBV training machine. Vertical and fore-and-aft head accelerations and interface forces between the body and the vibrating platform were measured. The tense posture produced significantly greater vertical and fore-and-aft head accelerations than the slouched and upright postures, indicating increased vibration transmissibility to the head with upper-body stiffening. In contrast, interface forces did not differ significantly among postures. It was concluded that sitting posture influences vibration transmission to the head during WBV exposure, whereas its effect on interface forces appears limited. A tense sitting posture increases head vibration transmissibility, emphasising the importance of posture when designing safe and effective WBV interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20666,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"9544119261496003"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149128408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}