Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Design and fabrication of a lumbar spine simulator for fluoroscopy-guided intervertebral disk puncture.","authors":"Aleksandr Ozherelev, Veronika Bandur, Roman Polkin, Roman Goncharuk","doi":"10.1177/09544119261494035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544119261494035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fluoroscopy-guided spinal interventions require anatomically representative and radiographically compatible physical models for procedural simulation. Cadaveric specimens and animal models, while valuable, are limited by cost, availability, ethical considerations, and restricted repeatability. These limitations motivate the development of cost-efficient lumbar spine simulators compatible with C-arm fluoroscopic imaging. Vertebrae and pelvic structures were generated from open-source STL files and fabricated using fused deposition modeling. Post-processing included surface polishing and fabrication of silicone molds to reproduce vertebral geometry. Combinations of two-component polyurethane casting resin, calcium sulfate, barium sulfate, and iohexol were tested to evaluate radiographic visibility and identify a suitable radiopaque formulation. Vertebral elements were assembled using silicone interfaces to form puncturable intervertebral spaces. Soft tissues and skin were imitated using gelatin-glycerin foam and pigmented silicone. Radiographic appearance was assessed under C-arm fluoroscopy. Among the tested formulations, polyurethane composite containing 5 wt% calcium sulfate provided sufficient radiographic visibility while avoiding excessive radiopacity and was selected for the final simulator. The simulator reproduced key lumbar anatomical features and enabled clear visualization of the needle trajectory under fluoroscopy. Design optimization produced a lighter and more compact configuration than the initial prototype. This study presents a reproducible 3D-printed lumbar spine simulator with tunable radiographic properties compatible with fluoroscopic imaging. The proposed design provides a cost-efficient physical model for image-guided procedural simulation and technical development, intended for non-commercial academic and educational use.</p>","PeriodicalId":20666,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"9544119261494035"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149128435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the effect of disc degeneration on dynamic characteristics of the lumbar spine using a whole-human body finite element model.","authors":"Jian-Song Dou, Chi Zhang, Dong-Xiang Zhang, Wei Fan","doi":"10.1177/09544119261490965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544119261490965","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the effects of L4-L5 disc degeneration and different loading frequencies on the dynamic response of the lumbar spine under whole-body vibration. A healthy and a degenerative whole-human body finite element model were developed, with the degenerative model constructed by changing disc height and nucleus pulposus material properties. Both models, coupled with the same seat, underwent 9.8 m/s² gravitational acceleration and vertical sinusoidal displacement loads (±5 mm) at 3, 5, and 7 Hz. With disc degeneration, the maximum value and vibration amplitude of nucleus pressure and disc bulge all decreased, while those of annulus stress all increased. Specifically, the maximum value and vibration amplitude of annulus stress under a 5 Hz load were 0.737 and 0.596 MPa respectively, which were 19.3% and 19.0% higher than those of the corresponding healthy model. The dynamic responses under 5 Hz loading were several times higher than those under 3 and 7 Hz loading. Under the same loading condition, the distributions of nucleus pressure and annulus stress in both models remained largely unchanged, and the extreme values were all located in the posterior region of the disc. The results showed that disc degeneration significantly altered the vibration characteristics of the degenerative disc segment. Vibration near the resonance frequency of the human body was more likely to cause spinal injury than that at other frequencies, and the posterior regions of the nucleus and annulus were more susceptible to fatigue damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":20666,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"9544119261490965"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149040004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mathematical model development of type 2 diabetes mellitus considering insulin sensitivity and control of glucose using sliding mode approach.","authors":"Danial Kiaei, Hami Tourajizadeh, Behnam Miripour Fard","doi":"10.1177/09544119261490966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544119261490966","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A mathematical model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is developed in this paper, by which the dynamics of the disease can be predicted with the aid of the related extracted ordinary differential equations. The important biological factors, including physical activities and insulin sensitivity, are considered in modeling the disease. Unlike previous models that mainly focused on type 1 diabetes or simplified Bergman-based approaches, the proposed model takes into account the complex dynamics of type 2 diabetes and enables the simultaneous regulation of glucose and insulin effectiveness using two controlling inputs. Also, an efficient control strategy based on a Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) is designed and implemented on the extracted model. This controller is a robust, nonlinear, and closed-loop compensator by which the glucose level of the blood can be stabilized effectively. This controller is able to customize the therapy for type 2 diabetes and provide a framework that can help physicians personalize the treatment regimens based on each individual's insulin sensitivity. With the aid of some simulation scenarios in MATLAB, the accuracy and correctness of the proposed model are shown. Also, the efficiency of the designed controller in managing the glucose level of the blood is verified by conducting some comparative and analytical simulations. Results confirm that the developed framework enables both reliable monitoring and successful regulation of glucose levels in the presence of diverse biological influences.</p>","PeriodicalId":20666,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"9544119261490966"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149040036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of different root canal sealers on apical patency regaining and instrument surface deformation during retreatment: A scanning electron microscopy evaluation.","authors":"Aysenur Kiziltas Gul, Esra Alemdar, Seniha Senem Micoogullari, Mehmet Emin Kaval","doi":"10.1177/09544119261488928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544119261488928","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of the present study was to evaluate surface deformation and the reestablishment of apical patency following the retreatment of root canals obturated with sealers of different chemical compositions using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Twenty-four extracted maxillary central incisors were shaped, cleaned, and randomly allocated into three groups (<i>n</i> = 8) according to the sealer used: resin-based AH Plus Jet, calcium silicate-based Bio-C Sealer, and MTA-based MTA Bioseal. Following retreatment procedures, the time required to reestablish apical patency was recorded. The rotary files were then examined under SEM at various magnifications to assess surface deformation. Statistical analysis comprised the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality, one-way ANOVA for quantitative comparisons, the chi-square test for categorical variables, and the Levene test for homogeneity of variances. Ordinal SEM deformation scores were analyzed using the linear-by-linear association test (α = 0.05). The time required to reestablish apical patency was significantly longer in the AH Plus Jet group compared to the MTA Bioseal group (<i>p</i> < 0.05), whereas no significant differences were observed among the other comparisons (<i>p</i> > 0.05). SEM analysis demonstrated higher surface deformation scores in files used with AH Plus Jet, moderate scores with Bio-C Sealer, and lower scores with MTA Bioseal. The findings indicate that sealers with different chemical compositions may affect the time for regaining apical patency and the severity of surface deformation, and that these sealer-related factors may substantially influence the fracture risk of rotary files.</p>","PeriodicalId":20666,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"9544119261488928"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148977803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A hybrid Johnson-Cook and zero-thickness cohesive framework for simulating femoral fracture under ballistic impact.","authors":"Feng Zhang, Jiang Liu, Bopeng Zhang, Lei Wang, Xi Zhang, Jing Zhang, Yafeng Li","doi":"10.1177/09544119261488255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544119261488255","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Current research on human cortical bone predominantly focuses on quasi-static or low-velocity impacts, whereas the dynamic response of the femur under extreme ballistic loading remains insufficiently understood. This limitation is largely due to the lack of numerical frameworks capable of simultaneously capturing strain-rate-dependent plasticity and progressive fracture. To address this gap, this study proposes a hybrid finite element framework that combines the Johnson-Cook (J-C) constitutive model with zero-thickness cohesive elements to simulate 9 mm projectile impacts on a three-dimensional anatomical femur model. The J-C model was used to represent the strain-rate hardening and viscoplastic response of the cortical bone matrix, while the cohesive interfaces, governed by a traction-separation law, were employed to simulate crack initiation and propagation. The proposed model reproduced the main macroscopic fracture features observed in experiments, including radiating macro-cracks, transverse fractures, and extensive posterior spalling. Quantitatively, the predicted energy dissipation was approximately 54.5% higher than the experimental mean, which may be attributed to the use of quasi-static cohesive parameters under ultra-high-strain-rate loading and to demographic differences in bone quality. Overall, this hybrid approach provides a useful numerical basis for investigating ballistic femoral fracture mechanics and may support forensic analysis and clinical trauma assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":20666,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"9544119261488255"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148977779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a finite element model specific to the female thorax for non-penetrating ballistic impact.","authors":"Elodie Dancerel-Bourlon, Rémi Delille, Benjamin Bourel, Olivier Mauzac, Nicolas Prat, Cynthia Bir, Donald Sherman, Sebastien Roth, Franck Lauro","doi":"10.1177/09544119261484228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544119261484228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Finite element modeling in biomechanics has been widely used for several decades to investigate the injury mechanisms and tolerance limits of various biological structures. The development of biomechanical models includes choosing an anthropometry, which generally leads to a 50th percentile male model. In that context, derived numerical injury metrics are dedicated to males, although conclusions of these studies are generalized to the whole population including female subjects. This study proposes to address the existing paucity concerning female blunt thoracic injuries and add to the understanding of thoracic injuries at a numerical level. Thus, a female finite element model of the thorax has been developed, named HUBxx, in the same way as the existing male geometry model is named HUByx. A 3-D reconstruction of the geometry of the various components of the model was based on literature data. Constitutive laws were implemented in the model for soft tissues and skeletal structures, and a numerical replication of existing experimental tests was carried out in the context of blunt ballistic impacts. The results show that the numerical responses of the HUBxx model are in good agreement with the female experimental corridors for both sternal and breast impacts, demonstrating its biofidelity and its ability to reproduce the mechanical response of the female thorax. In contrast, a male finite element model (SurHUByx FEM) scaled-down to female external anthropometric dimensions fails to reproduce the characteristics of the female experimental corridors. This study provides tools and data for specific investigations of female thoracic injuries, given the differences observed between males and females.</p>","PeriodicalId":20666,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"9544119261484228"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148892309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward foundation-model-assisted biomechanical simulation of the knee joint: Current evidence, limitations, and future directions.","authors":"Zhengye Pan, Jiajia Luo","doi":"10.1177/09544119261477934","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09544119261477934","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Subject-specific finite element analysis (FEA) can estimate tissue-level stress, strain, contact pressure, and load transfer in the knee, but building and solving a new model for each anatomy, activity, or treatment scenario remains time-consuming. This narrative review examines how knee biomechanical simulation has progressed from conventional FEA and efficient physics-based approximations to contact emulators, hybrid FE-machine learning workflows, temporal models, geometric deep learning, graph neural networks, operator-learning methods, and physics-guided surrogates. These methods can accelerate selected predictions, although their accuracy is usually established only for the anatomies, loads, and FE formulations represented during development. Pre-training across related FE model families may allow a model to be adapted to new geometries, outputs, or tasks with fewer additional simulations. However, this has not yet been demonstrated for nonlinear, multi-tissue knee mechanics. Any such model would still inherit the constitutive laws, contact definitions, boundary conditions, and calibration choices used to generate its training data. A credible system would therefore need traceable simulation data, explicit information about the underlying FE formulation, reliable uncertainty estimates, mechanical checks, and confirmation with high-fidelity FEA when a case falls outside the supported range. The immediate goal is a model that can be reused across related FE problems without being retrained from scratch, while unsupported or clinically consequential cases remain subject to full FE analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":20666,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"879-893"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148797416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A CAD-to-Simulink framework for evaluating impingement-free motion in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty.","authors":"Mercy Ombogo, John Medley, G Daniel G Langohr, Naveen Chandrashekar","doi":"10.1177/09544119261471200","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09544119261471200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accurate characterization of impingement-free range of motion (ROM) following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) is essential for implant design and surgical planning. Existing computational methods often rely on mesh-overlap or clearance-based estimations, which can limit geometric accuracy. This study introduces and validates a CAD-to-Simulink computational pipeline that predicts impingement-free ROM using a high-resolution, point-cloud-based collision detection approach. Computer models of shoulder bony anatomy and generic RTSA implant components were assembled in SolidWorks and exported to MATLAB. Automated scripts executed humeral motion sweeps across planes of elevation. Point clouds were seeded on the acromion, coracoid, and scapular neck and used to detect impingement when penetration depth ≥1 mm. Three neck-shaft angles (155°, 145°, 135°) were evaluated. The 155° configuration was validated experimentally using additive manufactured monoblocs mounted on a custom-made frame under a 15 N compressive load. Sensitivity analyses examined the influence of point cloud density and spacing on impingement detection accuracy. Computational results demonstrated that decreasing the neck-shaft angle from 155° to 135° increased impingement-free ROM across evaluated planes, with improvements of up to 23°. This gain was attributed to delayed inferior impingement during adduction. Experimental validation closely aligned with predictions, showing impingement at 61.4° (superior) and 20.9° (inferior), compared to predicted values of 61.4° and 21.0°. Sensitivity analyses highlighted the importance of point cloud placement along key scapular regions. The CAD-to-Simulink framework provides a validated, reproducible, Finite Element Method independent prediction of impingement-free ROM, providing a kinematically accurate tool to optimize implant geometry and surgical positioning in RTSA.</p>","PeriodicalId":20666,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"894-901"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13578653/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148579990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personalized ECG-based artificial intelligence models for early seizure prediction.","authors":"Harilal Parasuram, Mridul Sharma, Gowtham Smitha, Harisankar R Menon, Siby Gopinath, Akshaya Raman, Sonu Ravindran, Arjun Ramakrishnan, Garima Chauhan, Priya Bhasimon, Anand Kumar","doi":"10.1177/09544119261480774","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09544119261480774","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Seizure prediction is critically important, as it can help prevent serious injuries, improve quality of life, and potentially reduce the risk of SUDEP. Autonomic fluctuations are known to occur during the preictal and early ictal phases; however, the pattern and magnitude of these changes vary considerably across patients and seizure types. This highlights the need for developing patient-specific ECG-based seizure prediction models. In this study, ECG data from 30 patients who had at least six recorded seizures during presurgical VEEG evaluation were used to develop both machine learning and deep learning models. Heart rate variability (HRV) features were extracted from the ECG recordings and used to train classical ML classifiers, while a ResNet-50-based bimodal architecture was employed for deep learning model training. All models were evaluated using fivefold and leave-one-out cross-validation. Seizure prediction was tested at 5-, 10-, and 15-min intervals prior to seizure onset. Both HRV-based machine learning models and deep learning models successfully distinguished interictal from preictal ECG segments, with the bimodal deep learning framework outperforming traditional ML methods. In the patient-specific setting, the deep learning model demonstrated robust diagnostic capabilities, achieving a mean accuracy of 89.9% (SD = 8.2) alongside high precision (ranging from 70.3% to 100%) and sensitivity (ranging from 69.6% to 100%). The highest performance was observed in Patient P13 (99% accuracy, 100% precision, and 98.7% sensitivity) and Patient P14 (98% accuracy, 99.5% precision, and 97.3% sensitivity), with several patients (P24, P25, P26, P30) achieving a perfect 100% across accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and specificity. The lowest performance was seen in Patient P22 (71% accuracy, 70.3% precision, 76.9% sensitivity, and 64.4% specificity). False positive rates (FPR) were effectively minimized in the patient-specific DL models, ranging from zero false positives per hour (achieved in six patients) to a maximum of 13.15 per h (Patient P22). Notably, prediction performance was higher in temporal lobe epilepsy (92% ± 7.6%) compared to extra-temporal lobe epilepsy (87.3% ± 8.4%). In the generalized patient-independent model, the prediction accuracy dropped to 52%, which could be attributed to inter-patient heterogeneity in autonomic signatures, seizure types, and baseline cardiac rhythms. These findings demonstrate that recent advances in ML and DL enable reliable prediction of preictal states using ECG alone. Importantly, our results indicate that training models on long-term ECG recordings containing multiple seizures from the same individual, that is, using a patient-specific training strategy, yields a more dependable solution for seizure prediction than generalized approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":20666,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"975-991"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148840989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial strategy via biomimetic shark skin wettability control: Enhancing wall shear stress to suppress bacterial colonisation on gastrointestinal staples.","authors":"Yahui Hu, Wei Cai, Rongchuan Feng, Bang Liu, Weihua Fu","doi":"10.1177/09544119261475391","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09544119261475391","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Titanium alloy staples are widely used in gastrointestinal surgery. However, bacterial infection at the anastomotic site following surgery continues to be a significant concern due to the lack of effective treatment strategies. Inspired by shark skin structure, this study designed 5 sets of shark skin micro-textured staple surfaces with hydrophilic effects based on the Wenzel model. First, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted to elucidate the regulatory influence of the surface on fluid velocity and wall shear stress in the gastrointestinal microenvironment. Wall shear stress is considered a key factor in reducing bacterial adhesion by physically obstructing the initial attachment of microorganisms. Subsequently, shark skin micro-textures were fabricated on the surface of the titanium sheet using laser processing technology. The wettability and morphological features of these micro-textured surfaces were systematically characterised via a contact angle metre and a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Surface wettability, particularly hydrophilicity, is considered a key factor in enhancing fluid flow velocity in the gastrointestinal microenvironment, thereby increasing wall shear stress. Finally, a bacterial adhesion testing platform was established to evaluate the combined effects of these engineered surface properties (enhanced wall shear stress and wettability) on the anti-adhesion efficacy in inhibiting bacterial colonisation. The results showed that the prepared shark skin micro-textured surface of the titanium sheet could enhance fluid flow velocity and wall shear stress in the gastrointestinal microenvironment, thereby inhibiting bacterial adhesion and effectively preventing bacterial colonisation. This study provides a reference for the development of novel physically antimicrobial staple surfaces that actively regulate microfluidic flow fields.</p>","PeriodicalId":20666,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"962-974"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148797390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}