Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins最新文献

{"title":"Faecalibacterium prausnitzii: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Potential in Host-Microbe Crosstalk.","authors":"Wenfei Qin, Guangqiang Wang, Yang Fu, Yue Zeng, Yongjun Xia, Yi Sheng, Lianzhong Ai","doi":"10.1007/s12602-026-11236-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-026-11236-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (Fp), a potential candidate for a next-generation, is widely distributed in the feces and intestinal tract of mammals. Accumulating evidence indicates that Fp and its metabolites exert anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and maintain intestinal barrier integrity. In this review, we summarize the biological characteristics of Fp and its nutritional cross feeding interactions with other microbial species. We further synthesize current evidence on the local roles of Fp in intestinal diseases and systemic effects on distant organs via the gut-organ axis. Furthermore, we outline the mechanisms by which its effector molecules, including butyrate, microbial anti-inflammatory molecule (MAM), and extracellular vesicles (EVs), contribute to disease amelioration. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and future perspectives for Fp. Collectively, as an important commensal bacterium in the gut, Fp provides a theoretical basis for the development of novel functional microorganisms with probiotic properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149137959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational Prioritisation of Fish-Derived Antimicrobial Peptides by Integrated Multi-Layer Immunogenicity and Structural Analysis.","authors":"Akshay Sasidharan, Ananya Pandey, Shreya Nandi Roy, Vinutha Anandhan Sujatha, Kanishk Prabhu, Rajasekaran Ramalingam","doi":"10.1007/s12602-026-11240-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-026-11240-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fish-derived antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent a promising but underexplored source of therapeutic candidates. However, their immunological safety for potential human application has not been systematically evaluated. Here, we applied a multi-stage computational approach to 154 fish AMPs retrieved from the Antimicrobial Peptide Database (APD6). Sequential safety filtering reduced the dataset to 23 AMP candidates, which were subsequently evaluated using a composite safety and immunogenicity risk score based on MHC class I binding, MHC class II binding, B-cell epitope exposure, and residual hemolytic risk. B-cell risk was conditioned on MHC class II activation to account for the role of CD4⁺ T-cell help in class-switched antibody responses. Eight AMPs were classified as Predicted Low Risk based on their relative composite safety and immunogenicity risk. Both this classification and the rank order of the three highest-ranked candidates remained stable across the tested sensitivity scenarios. The eight Predicted Low Risk candidates were further evaluated for conformational variability, secondary structure, structural rigidity, and membrane interaction. NRC-01 showed the lowest composite safety and immunogenicity risk score (0.213), indicating the lowest predicted risk among the evaluated candidates. NRC-18 achieved the highest final multi-criteria score (0.764), combining a relatively low composite safety and immunogenicity risk score (0.296), strong predicted membrane interaction (ΔG = -5.2 kcal/mol), high helical content (69.0%), and the highest dominant cluster population among the top three candidates (57.86%). Overall, the combined computational analyses identified a small group of fish-derived AMPs with favourable predicted safety, immunogenicity, and structural characteristics that warrant further experimental investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149128337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SmartVax-Bp: An Immunoinformatic guided Multi-Epitope Vaccine Blueprint Against Burkholderia pseudomallei.","authors":"Mohammad Abdullah Aljasir, Dalia M Alammari, Nawal Helmi, Saira, Sajjad Ahmad, Dong-Qing Wei","doi":"10.1007/s12602-026-11241-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-026-11241-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Burkholderia pseudomallei (B. pseudomallei) is the causative agent of melioidosis, a potentially serious and life-threatening infectious disease in humans. This pathogen invades the bloodstream and infects multiple organs, including the lungs, skin, liver, spleen, bones, and brain. The enzymes polyphosphate kinase 1 (Ppk1), type III secretion system cluster 3 (TTSS3)-effector protein (BopA), and trehalose-phosphate phosphatase (TPP) are vital for the survival and pathogenicity of B. pseudomallei, playing central roles in oxidative phosphorylation, stress responses, metabolism, biofilm formation, autophagy evasion, and motility. The normal function of these enzymes enables B. pseudomallei to produce energy and sustain fatal infections in affected organs. Due to their critical roles, these enzymes were identified as key targets for multi-epitope vaccine (MEV) design, with the aim of suppressing their expression in infected individuals by provoking specific immune responses. After retrieving the virulence factors Ppk1, BopA, and TPP, they were processed for B-cell and T-cell epitope prediction. Afterwards, predicted epitopes were filtered based on acceptable properties, including antigenicity, allergenicity, solubility, and toxicity. The filtered epitopes were linked using specific linkers and an adjuvant to create a finalized MEV construct. The structure of MEV was predicted and refined, demonstrating significant stability with a verify3D score of 90.28%. The MEV was further docked with immune receptors MHC-I, MHC-II, and TLR4, showing binding potentials of -1191.5 Kcal/mol, -1131.7 Kcal/mol, and - 1135.7 Kcal/mol, and maximum interactions, respectively. Molecular dynamics simulations of the MEV-docked complexes revealed a significant increase in B-factor and lower eigenvalues, indicating favorable and high-affinity interactions with the immune receptors. Furthermore, immune simulation analyses demonstrated a substantial production of immunoglobulins against the MEV, confirming its potential as an ideal antigen with low toxicity, optimal solubility, and no allergenicity. Based on these promising properties, the MEV was virtually cloned into a pET-28a(+) vector and expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli). This suggests that the data can be used by experimentalists to produce the MEV in the lab and make it available to the community after clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediococcus acidilactici ZQ-19 Ameliorates Ulcerative Colitis via Remodeling Gut Microbiota and Glutathione Redox Homeostasis.","authors":"Yimeng Lu, Qi Liu, Hu Chen, Cunhui Ding, Mengyan Chen, Qian Tian, Xusheng Guo, Zitong Ding","doi":"10.1007/s12602-026-11187-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-026-11187-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ulcerative colitis (UC) is closely linked to intestinal oxidative stress, gut dysbiosis and selenium metabolism disorders. In this study, 449 lactic acid bacteria strains were isolated from yak yogurt on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. After H₂O₂ tolerance screening, 11 highly antioxidant strains were obtained, among which Pediococcus acidilactici ZQ-19 exhibited the highest intracellular GPx activity, outstanding free radical scavenging capacity and excellent probiotic characteristics. In DSS-induced UC mice, ZQ-19 significantly alleviated weight loss, colon shortening and mucosal damage, restored tight junction protein expression, and protected liver and kidney functions. 16 S rRNA sequencing revealed that ZQ-19 was associated with reshaped gut microbiota, enriched butyrate-producing taxa and reduced pro-inflammatory pathogens; such microbial shifts were positively correlated with elevated intestinal GPx activity. Mechanistically, ZQ-19 intervention coincided with enhanced intestinal ROS clearance, altered expression of GR/GST/Trx-1, and a shifted selenoprotein profile favouring GPx isoforms by upregulating colonic SELENOP and GPx1-4 while downregulating DIO1/2. It synergistically activated Nrf2/p53 protective pathways and inhibited the MyD88/COX-2/NOX1/2 pro-oxidative inflammatory axis, with superior local regulation to mesalazine. In conclusion, ZQ-19 ameliorates UC in association with the microbiota-GPx axis and dual pathways, offering a novel probiotic intervention strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149113818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Enterococcus Phage Exhibits Potent Anti-biofilm Activity Against Multidrug Resistant Strains and Protects Mice from Peritonitis Sepsis.","authors":"Anran Tai, Shixiong Hu, Zongmao Dai, Yue Hu, Haichao Guan, Lining Xia, Kuojun Cai, Ying Xiao, Xinyi Ma, Tingting Xie, Wanzhao Chen, Yuhui Ma, Jinquan Wang","doi":"10.1007/s12602-026-11218-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-026-11218-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enterococci are opportunistic pathogens that circulate among humans, animals, and the environment, and multidrug-resistant (MDR) enterococci have emerged as a growing One Health concern. In this study, a lytic Enterococcus phage, PEX, was isolated from horse-stable sewage using an equine Enterococcus faecium strain as the host. The antibacterial activity of PEX against MDR Enterococcus isolates of both human and animal origin was systematically investigated, and its therapeutic efficacy was evaluated in both in vitro and in vivo models. Phage PEX was isolated and purified using the double-layer agar technique. The stability, lytic activity, and host range of PEX were determined, and whole-genome sequencing was performed to characterize its biological features. Furthermore, its antibiofilm and therapeutic effects were evaluated using confocal microscopy, biofilm removal assays, and a mouse peritonitis sepsis model. The results showed that PEX exhibited a siphovirus-like morphology. Genomic analysis revealed that PEX is closely related to previously reported Enterococcus phages but possesses distinct genomic characteristics and lacks virulence, antibiotic resistance, and lysogeny-related genes. EOP assays confirmed that PEX exhibited a broad lytic host range, infecting multiple Enterococcus species, including clinical isolates and strains from diverse animal sources. Phage PEX remained stable at temperatures ranging from 4 °C to 50 °C and across pH values of 5-11. The optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI) was 0.1, and strong inhibition of planktonic bacterial growth was observed across different MOIs. Importantly, phage PEX significantly disrupted biofilms formed by MDR Enterococcus strains in a concentration-dependent manner. In the murine peritoneal septicemia model, PEX significantly reduced bacterial dissemination and alleviated organ damage. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that phage PEX exhibits potent antibacterial activity against MDR Enterococcus strains both in vitro and in vivo, highlighting its potential as a promising candidate for controlling MDR Enterococcus infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149113737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineered Bacillus subtilis Spores Surface-Displaying a PRRSV GP3/GP4/GP5 Fusion Antigen: A Preliminary Immunogenicity Evaluation in Mice and Piglets.","authors":"Yicen Tang, Yuhan Wang, Zhenhua Wang, Pengfei Fang, Lei Fei, Jianzhen Li, Yang Yang, Cheng Ma, Dongmei Zhang, Bo Jing, Xueqin Ni, Jinlong Yang, Yan Zeng, Kangcheng Pan","doi":"10.1007/s12602-026-11221-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-026-11221-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacillus subtilis is a safe, non-pathogenic probiotic capable of forming highly resistant spores, making it an attractive chassis for oral antigen delivery and mucosal immune modulation. In this study, we engineered a recombinant B. subtilis strain, RG, to display an optimized PRRSV fusion antigen, E5, on the spore surface using CotB as the anchoring protein. E5 was designed by tandemly linking selected GP3, GP4, and GP5 fragments. The recombinant spores were evaluated in mice and piglets as part of a proof-of-concept immunogenicity study of an oral antigen-display platform, rather than a vaccine efficacy study. In mice, oral administration of RG induced antigen-specific serum IgG and intestinal secretory IgA responses, accompanied by detectable in vitro neutralizing activity against PRRSV R98 and NADC30-like strains. RG administration was also associated with changes in selected ileal cytokines and splenic CD3⁺, CD4⁺, and CD8⁺ staining patterns, indicating immune-related modulation following oral delivery. In piglets, RG similarly induced PRRSV E5-specific serum IgG and fecal secretory IgA responses and elicited detectable serum neutralizing activity against both R98 and NADC30-like strains. Overall, these findings support the preliminary immunogenicity and technical feasibility of engineered B. subtilis spores as a spore-based oral antigen-display platform for inducing systemic and mucosal antibody responses with detectable in vitro neutralizing activity. However, neither homologous nor heterologous PRRSV challenge experiments were performed; therefore, the present findings support immunogenicity but do not establish protection against infection or vaccine efficacy. This study provides a foundation for the further development of spore-based functional microbial systems for PRRSV-related mucosal antigen delivery and presentation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149113839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut Microbiome and Fecal Metabolome Analysis Reveal Potential Non-Invasive Biomarkers For Acute Myocardial Infarction.","authors":"Ikram Khan, Xiaodong Xie, Zhiqiang Li","doi":"10.1007/s12602-026-11219-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-026-11219-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although the gut microbiome is recognized as crucial for human health, its combined effects with microbial metabolites on acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remain poorly understood. This study investigated gut microbiome composition using 16 S rRNA sequencing and untargeted LC-MS metabolomics profiles from 24 AMI patients and 24 healthy individuals to identify microbial biomarkers, metabolite signatures, and key functional pathways. No significant difference was observed in alpha diversity, whereas beta diversity differed significantly between AMI patients and controls. At the taxonomic level, Bacteroidota, Proteobacteria, Escherichia_Shigella, Collinsella, and Klebsiella were increased, while Firmicutes, Actinobacteriota, and Bifidobacterium were decreased in the AMI group compared with controls. Metabolomic profiling identified seven metabolites with strong discriminatory power for AMI, with area under the curve (AUC) values ranging from 0.91 to 0.99. Among these, S‑adenosyl‑L‑homocysteine, Cyanidin 3‑[6‑(4‑glucosylcoumaryl)sophoroside] 5‑glucoside, and 5‑Methyltetrahydrofolate were found to be upregulated, whereas Prostaglandin J2, Leukotriene A4, and 5‑HEPE were downregulated. Based on these findings, the upregulated metabolites S‑Adenosyl‑L‑homocysteine, Cyanidin 3‑[6‑(4‑glucosylcoumaryl)sophoroside] 5‑glucoside, 5‑Methyltetrahydrofolate, and the downregulated metabolites Prostaglandin J2, Leukotriene A4, and 5‑HEPE represent candidate non‑invasive biomarkers for AMI that warrant further validation. Functional pathway analysis highlighted pronounced disruptions in arginine biosynthesis and the folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism. Spearman correlation analysis showed that specific gut microbial taxa were significantly associated with clinical parameters and metabolites implicated in AMI-related pathways. These findings revealed distinct microbial and metabolic profiles in Chinese patients with AMI compared to healthy controls. Future research should investigate causal mechanisms and evaluate microbiota-targeted approaches for cardiovascular disease prevention and therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149113907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strain-Carrier Matching Strategy Enhances Gastrointestinal Survival and Mucosal Adhesion of Dietary Probiotics Encapsulated in Thiolated Pectin-Alginate Hydrogels.","authors":"Fan Zhang, Libing Zhang, Pengfei Li, Ruhui Liu, Qinghuan Yu, Wenchuan Guo, Fangfang Yue, Xin Lü","doi":"10.1007/s12602-026-11224-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-026-11224-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study addresses the limitations of conventional probiotic delivery systems by introducing a strain-carrier matching principle, which systematically aligns carrier properties with strain-specific characteristics. A thiolated low-methoxyl pectin/alginate composite hydrogel platform was developed, featuring a mucoadhesive outer layer with thiolated modified pectin to enhance intestinal retention. Two distinct carriers (pectin-based and alginate-based) were systematically evaluated across nine probiotic strains for encapsulation efficiency (92.44 ± 0.23% to 99.86 ± 0.13%), simulated gastrointestinal (GI) survival for 4 h (53.57 ± 0.12% to 96.04 ± 0.47%), and mucoadhesive capacity (22.23 ± 1.90% to 50.31 ± 1.81%). While both systems demonstrated strong adhesive and protective effects under simulated gastrointestinal conditions compared with free cells, significant strain-specific differences in encapsulation performance and survival were observed. Notably, intrinsically acid- and bile-tolerant strains (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum TM3-23 and Pediococcus acidilactici G1-14) exhibited a reduced relative enhancement, revealing that carrier efficacy is fundamentally determined by microbial surface physicochemical properties and inherent physiological resilience. These findings establish the critical \"strain-encapsulation carrier\" matching principle, revealing that optimal delivery requires aligning carrier properties with specific strain characteristics. This work transcends conventional encapsulation paradigms and provides a theoretical framework for designing next-generation functional foods and strain-carrier matching probiotic products that ensure enhanced intestinal mucoadhesion and stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lactobacillus and Tryptophan Supplementation Improve Renal Function and are Associated with Metabolomic Alterations in a Mouse Model of Chronic Kidney Disease.","authors":"Miaoyu Yin, Mengdi Li, Yan Zhang, Bingxiao Wang, Guanhua Li, Ge Wu","doi":"10.1007/s12602-026-11237-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-026-11237-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gut microbiota has been implicated in chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. Probiotics such as Lactobacillus may alleviate renal injury through metabolic modulation, whereas tryptophan metabolism may have divergent effects in CKD. However, whether Lactobacillus and tryptophan supplementation are associated with distinct or overlapping metabolic profiles in CKD remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus and tryptophan supplementation and characterize the associated serum and fecal metabolomic alterations in an adenine-induced CKD mouse model. Six-week-old male mice were fed adenine for 3 weeks to induce CKD, followed by 8 weeks of treatment: saline for control (NC, CKD), Lactobacillus (2 × 10⁷ CFU; CKD + Lac), or Tryptophan (4 mmol/kg; CKD + Try). Renal function markers (SCr, BUN, CysC), inflammatory markers (CRP, PCT), and histopathology were assessed at experimental endpoint (week 12). Serum and fecal metabolomics were analyzed using UPLC-HDMS, followed by PCA, OPLS-DA and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses. Adenine induced significant renal injury, as indicated by elevated SCr, BUN, CysC, CRP, and PCT levels, together with marked interstitial fibrosis and tubular epithelial degeneration. These alterations were partially attenuated by either Lactobacillus or tryptophan supplementation. In CKD + Lac mice, 250 serum and 332 fecal metabolites were altered across 5 pathways, including tyrosine, β-alanine, and riboflavin metabolism, prolactin signaling, and ABC transporters. In CKD + Try mice, 310 serum and 381 fecal metabolites were changed, involving tyrosine, biotin, linoleic acid, and amino acid metabolism, prolactin signaling, lipolysis, and arginine biosynthesis. Both Lactobacillus and tryptophan supplementation partially improved renal function and attenuated renal injury in adenine-induced CKD mice and were associated with altered serum and fecal metabolite profiles involving tyrosine, arginine, and related metabolic pathways. Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149081904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lactobacillus johnsonii BS15 Alleviates Fluoride-Induced Intestinal Barrier Injury by Regulating the RhoA/ROCK-Mediated Cytoskeletal Remodeling.","authors":"Dandan Wang, Jinge Xin, Wei Liu, Ping Lin, Yanxi Zhou, Hesong Wang, Dong Zeng, Limin Wei, Xueqin Ni, Yang Bai","doi":"10.1007/s12602-026-11232-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-026-11232-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic fluoride exposure is a significant environmental health concern known to induce severe intestinal barrier dysfunction and systemic toxicity. This study investigated the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of Lactobacillus johnsonii BS15 (L. johnsonii BS15) against fluoride-induced intestinal barrier injury in mice. Our results demonstrated that L. johnsonii BS15 intervention ameliorated multifaceted damage caused by high fluoride exposure at functional, structural and oxidative levels: it lowered serum concentration of diamine oxidase (DAO), a marker of intestinal barrier damage; mitigated intestinal pathological lesions including crypt hyperplasia and reduced villus‑to‑crypt ratio; and suppressed oxidative‑stress‑related upregulation of ileal Duox2/Duoxa2 mRNA. Mechanistically, L. johnsonii BS15 inhibited the fluoride-induced elevation of the RhoA/ROCK/p-MLC signaling axis, consequently mitigating pathological F-actin stress fiber polymerization and restoring cytoskeletal dynamic equilibrium. L. johnsonii BS15 intervention restored the integrity of the tight junction complex by restoring the membrane localization and expression levels of ZO-1 and Claudin-1, repairing the membrane continuity of Occludin, and inhibiting the abnormal translocation and accumulation of β-catenin into the cytoplasm. In conclusion, high fluoride-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction was attenuated in mice receiving L. johnsonii BS15, a process involving downregulation of the RhoA/ROCK pathway and downregulation of oxidative stress‑related Duox2/Duoxa2 mRNA expression. These findings reveal a potential microbiota-based intervention strategy and provide new insights for the prevention and treatment of fluorosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149081835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}