Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins最新文献

{"title":"Isolation, Potential Beneficial Properties, and Assessment of Storage Stability of Direct-Fed Microbial Consortia from Wild-Type Chicken Intestine.","authors":"Haiku D J Gómez-Velázquez, Pamela Peña-Medellín, Carlos O Guzmán-Hernández, Laura González-Dávalos, Alfredo Varela-Echavarría, Armando Shimada, Ofelia Mora","doi":"10.1007/s12602-024-10387-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-024-10387-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Direct-fed microorganisms (DFM) are recognized as an alternative to antibiotic-based growth promoters in poultry production due to their health benefits. DFM, however, should undergo rigorous safety testing to ensure they meet the criteria to be \"Generally Recognized as Safe.\" This study assessed eight bacterial consortia (BC) isolated from the ileal and cecal intestinal regions of wild-type chickens, subjecting them to probiotic tests. Subsequently, they were spray- and freeze-dried to evaluate their storage stability for 30 days. BC5-I and BC7-I, isolated from the ileum, emerged as promising DFM, displaying a high content of Lactobacillales using a selective medium and higher susceptibility to Gram-positive and Gram-negative antibiotics. These BC showed a high tolerance to temperature (> 90%), pH > 4 (88-98%), and antagonist effects against Escherichia coli and Salmonella. BC5-I exhibited superior survival in the simulated gastric conditions and satisfactory intestine mucus adhesion. Freeze-drying was the best method to obtain BC5-I and BC7-I powders, with a survival efficiency of 80.3% and 73.2%, respectively, compared to the beginning of storage. BC5-I presented the lowest cell death rate and prolonged half-life through survival storage kinetics. BC5-I only contained Lactobacillus, and Limosilactobacillus reuteri was the predominant species in liquid (78.3%) and freeze-dried (59.8%) forms. BC5-I stands out as a promising Lactobacillus-based DFM that could improve chicken intestinal health and enhance meat and egg production.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142506573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Probiotics on Sperm Quality in the Adult Mouse.","authors":"Ana Sanchez-Rodriguez, Ingrid I D Idrovo, Rocío Villafranca, Nerea Latorre, Juan Antonio Rielo, Ane Laburu, Sandra Nieto-Román, Daniel Heredia, Rubén González, Virginia García-Cañas, Diego Laxalde, Carolina Simó, David R Vieites, Eduardo R S Roldan","doi":"10.1007/s12602-024-10388-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-024-10388-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The administration of probiotics for the treatment of different diseases has gained interest in recent years. However, few studies have evaluated their effects on reproductive traits. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of two mixtures of probiotics, a commercial probiotic (Vivomixx®) and a mix of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG and Faecalibacterium duncaniae A2-165, on sperm quality in a mouse model. Adult male mice (8 months old) were used for two experimental and one control groups (n = 5 each). The probiotics or physiological serum (control) was administered orally, twice a week, during 5 weeks. Sperm were collected from the cauda epididymis, and their total number, motility, kinematics, morphology, and acrosome integrity were assessed in recently collected samples and after a 60-min in vitro incubation. Results showed a higher percentage of normal sperm in both experimental groups, with fewer head abnormalities than in the control. Differences were found among groups in the morphometry of sperm heads, being more elongated in mice treated with probiotics. Sperm from probiotic-treated mice showed similar total motility when compared to the controls, although the proportion of progressively moving sperm and their vigor of motility were lower. Sperm swimming descriptors were measured with a CASA system. Velocity parameters were similar among groups whereas linearity was higher in mice treated with the commercial probiotic. These results suggest that the administration of probiotics may increase the proportion of sperm with normal morphology and lead to modifications in sperm head shape that may enhance sperm swimming. Studies using a longer administration period would be useful in further characterizing the effect of these probiotic mixtures on sperm quality and fertilization capacity.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142506572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alteration of Cecal Microbiota by Antimicrobial Peptides Enhances the Rational and Efficient Utilization of Nutrients in Holstein Bulls.","authors":"Jinping Shi, Yu Lei, Zemin Li, Li Jia, Pengjia He, Qiang Cheng, Zhao Zhang, Zhaomin Lei","doi":"10.1007/s12602-024-10379-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-024-10379-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We previously observed that supplementation with antimicrobial peptides facilitated the average daily weight gain, net meat, and carcass weights of Holstein bulls. To expand our knowledge of the possible impact of antimicrobial peptides on cecum microbiota, further investigations were conducted. In this study, 18 castrated Holstein bulls with insignificant weight differences and 10 months of age were split randomly into two groups. The control group (CK) was fed a basic diet, whereas the antimicrobial peptide group (AP) was supplemented with 8 g of antimicrobial peptides for 270 days. After slaughter, metagenomic and metabolomic sequencing analyses were performed on the cecum contents. The results showed significantly higher levels of amylase, cellulase, protease, and lipase in the CK than in the AP group (P ≤ 0.05). The levels of β-glucosidase and xylanase (P ≤ 0.05), and acetic and propionic acids (P ≤ 0.01), were considerably elevated in the AP than in the CK group. The metagenome showed variations between the two groups only at the bacterial level, and 3258 bacteria with differences were annotated. A total of 138 differential abundant genes (P < 0.05) were identified in the CAZyme map, with 65 genes more abundant in the cecum of the AP group and 48 genes more abundant in the cecum of the CK group. Metabolomic analysis identified 68 differentially expressed metabolites. Conjoint analysis of microorganisms and metabolites revealed that Lactobacillus had the greatest impact on metabolites in the AP group and Brumimicrobium in the CK group. The advantageous strains of the AP group Firmicutes bacterium CAG:110 exhibited a strong symbiotic relationship with urodeoxycholic acid and hyodeoxycholic acid. This study identified the classification characteristics, functions, metabolites, and interactions of cecal microbiota with metabolites that contribute to host growth performance. Antimicrobial peptides affect the cecal microorganisms, making the use of nutrients more efficient. The utilization of hemicellulose in the cecum of ruminants may contribute more than cellulose to their production performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142506571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic Characterization and Probiotic Properties of Lactiplantibacillus pentosus Isolated from Fermented Rice.","authors":"Athira Cheruvari, Rajagopal Kammara","doi":"10.1007/s12602-024-10378-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-024-10378-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of the study was the preliminary genetic and phenotypic characterization of a potential probiotic strain of Lactiplantibacillus pentosus (strain krglsrbmofpi2) obtained from traditionally fermented rice. Genome sequencing revealed that the strain has a 3.7-Mb genome with a GC content of 46 and a total of 3192 protein-coding sequences. Using bioinformatic methods, we have successfully identified phage genes, plasmids, pathogenicity, antibiotic resistance and a variety of bacteriocins. Through comprehensive biochemical and biophysical analyses, we have gained valuable insights into its auto-aggregation, co-aggregation, antibiotic resistance, hydrophobicity, antioxidant activity and tolerance to simulated gastrointestinal conditions. The safety evaluation of the isolated L. pentosus was performed on the basis of its haemolytic activity. Our studies have shown that this strain has a strong antagonistic activity against the priority pathogens identified by the World Health Organization such as Vibrio cholerae, Clostridium perfringens, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica ser. Typhi, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. It is essential to fully understand the genetic and functional properties of the L. pentosus strain before considering its use as a useful probiotic in the food industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142473166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review on Bacteriocin Extraction Techniques from Lactic Acid Bacteria.","authors":"Sharleen Livina Isaac, Amalia Mohd Hashim, Fadzlie Wong Faizal Wong, Muhamad Afiq Mohamed Akbar, Wan Nur Ismah Wan Ahmad Kamil","doi":"10.1007/s12602-024-10384-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-024-10384-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are widely known for the production of secondary metabolites such as organic acids and other bioactive compounds such as bacteriocins. Finding a broad application in food and healthcare, bacteriocins have received increased attention due to their inherent antimicrobial properties. However, the extraction of bacteriocins is often plagued with low yields due to the complexity of the extraction processes and the diversity of bacteriocins themselves. Here, we review the current knowledge related to bacteriocin extraction on the different extraction techniques for isolating bacteriocins from LAB. The advantages and disadvantages of each technique will also be critically appraised, taking into account factors such as extraction efficiency, scalability and cost-effectiveness. This review aims to guide researchers and professionals in selecting the most suitable approach for bacteriocin extraction from LAB by illuminating the respective advantages and limitations of various extraction techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142473162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heyndrickxia coagulans LMG S-24828 Is a Safe Probiotic Strain Capable of Germinating in the Human Gut.","authors":"Robin Duncan, Giacomo Mantegazza, Giorgio Gargari, Elena Pierallini, Rosario Russo, Simone Guglielmetti","doi":"10.1007/s12602-024-10383-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-024-10383-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ensuring the viability and efficacy of probiotic microorganisms during manufacturing and gastrointestinal transit remains challenging, particularly for sensitive strains such as certain lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria. This has led to increased interest in spore-forming bacteria, such as Heyndrickxia coagulans (formerly Bacillus coagulans), which can endure environmental stresses through their endospore forms. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the probiotic potential of strain LMG S-24828, originally isolated from healthy human feces. The genomic analysis confirmed the strain's taxonomic placement within the species H. coagulans and revealed no extrachromosomal plasmid DNA, suggesting genetic stability. Safety assessments demonstrated that LMG S-24828 does not produce D-lactate, deconjugate bile salts, or exhibit hemolytic activity, and it lacks transmissible antibiotic resistances. Phenotypic tests showed the strain's metabolic versatility, including its ability to hydrolyze complex carbohydrates and adhere to intestinal epithelial cells. Moreover, LMG S-24828 exhibited robust survival and germination during in vitro and in vivo gastrointestinal simulations, with evidence of significant spore germination in the human gut. These findings suggest that H. coagulans LMG S-24828 possesses several advantageous traits for probiotic applications, warranting further clinical evaluation to confirm its health benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142473167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the Potential of Protein-Based Sustainable Antibacterial Materials.","authors":"Iqra Ghouri, Muslum Demir, Shahid Ali Khan, Muhammad Adil Mansoor, Mudassir Iqbal","doi":"10.1007/s12602-024-10381-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-024-10381-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The surge in bacterial growth and the escalating resistance against a multitude of antibiotic drugs have burgeoned into an alarming global threat, necessitating urgent and innovative interventions. In response to this peril, scientists have embarked on the development of advanced biocompatible antibacterial materials, aiming to counteract not only bacterial infections but also the pervasive issue of food spoilage resulting from microbial proliferation. Protein-based biopolymers and their meticulously engineered composites are at the forefront of this endeavor. Their potential in combating this severe global concern presents an approach that intersects the domains of biomedicine and environmental science. The present review article delves into the intricate extraction processes employed to derive various proteins from their natural sources, unraveling the complex biochemical pathways that underpin their antibacterial properties. Expanding on the foundational knowledge, the review also provides a comprehensive synthesis of functionalized proteins modified to enhance their antibacterial efficacy, unveiling a realm of possibilities for tailoring solutions to specific biomedical and environmental applications. The present review navigates through their antibacterial applications; from wound dressings to packaging materials with inherent antibacterial properties, the potential applications underscore the versatility and adaptability of these materials. Moreover, this comprehensive review serves as a valuable roadmap, guiding future research endeavors in reshaping the landscape of natural antibacterial materials on a global scale.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142473169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shaping the Future of Functional Foods: Using 3D Printing for the Encapsulation and Development of New Probiotic Foods.","authors":"Josemar Gonçalves de Oliveira Filho, Larissa Graziele Rauber Duarte, Diego Oliveira Bonfim, Mateus Kawata Salgaço, Luiz Henrique Caparelli Mattoso, Mariana Buranelo Egea","doi":"10.1007/s12602-024-10382-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-024-10382-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Consumers have been demanding foods that, besides providing nutrition, bring some health benefits, known as functional foods. The insertion of probiotics in foods is a strategy for developing functional foods. Still, it has been a challenge because these matrices have different pHs and undergo different process temperatures and times that can reduce the viability of these microorganisms. In this sense, encapsulation using 3D printing emerges to protect probiotic microorganisms and ensure that they reach the intestine viable and carry out the expected beneficial action. Thus, this review evaluates the current advancements in 3D printing to encapsulate and develop novel probiotic foods. Research has shown that 3D printing effectively encapsulates probiotic microorganisms, preserving their viability throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Studies have proven the effectiveness of 3D printing encapsulation in protecting probiotics during processing, storage, and digestion. Innovative formulations for 3D bioprinted products with probiotics, such as food structures based on cereals, mashed potatoes, and cream, have been developed. Producing products with shelf life and combining applications of phytochemicals and probiotics aims to improve personalized nutrition, textural characteristics, and sensory attributes of the foods produced by this emerging approach. Therefore, 3D printing of foods with probiotics has the potential to create new products that meet this demand.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142473168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complete Genome Sequence and Probiotic Characterization of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Indicus DC-3 Isolated from Traditional Indigenous Fermented Milk.","authors":"Deepti N Chaudhari, Jayesh J Ahire, Anupama N Devkatte, Amit A Kulthe","doi":"10.1007/s12602-024-10385-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-024-10385-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. indicus DC-3 was isolated from Indian traditional indigenous fermented milk Dahi and identified using whole genome sequencing. The safety of the strain was evaluated using genetic and phenotypic analyses, such as the presence of virulence factors, mobile and insertion elements, plasmids, antibiotic resistance, etc. Besides this, the strain was comprehensively investigated for in vitro probiotic traits, biofilm formation, antibacterials, and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production. In results, the strain showed a single circular chromosome (3,145,837 bp) with a GC content of 56.73%, a higher number of accessory and unique genes, an open pan-genome, and the absence of mobile and insertion elements, plasmids, virulence, and transmissible antibiotic resistance genes. The strain was capable of surviving in gastric juice (83% viability at 3 h) and intestinal juice (71% viability at 6 h) and showed 42.5% autoaggregation, adhesion to mucin, 8.7% adhesion to xylene, and 8.3% adhesion to Caco-2 cells. The γ-hemolytic nature, usual antibiotic susceptibility profile, and negative results for mucin and gelatin degradation ensure the safety of the strain. The strain produced 10.5 g/L of _D-lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide, capable of inhibiting and co-aggregating Escherichia coli MTCC 1687, Proteus mirabilis MTCC 425, and Candida albicans ATCC 14,053. In addition, the strain showed 90 mg/L EPS (48 h) and biofilm formation. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that L. delbrueckii subsp. indicus DC-3 is unique and different than previously reported L. delbrueckii subsp. indicus strains and is a safe potential probiotic candidate.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142473165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of a Peptidoglycan-Degrading Protein: Biochemical and Antimicrobial Characteristics, Antibiotic Synergism, and Delivery System Innovation.","authors":"Viviane C Oliveira, Nathália G Rosa-Garzon, Amanda C S D Rocha, Rachel M Monteiro, Yasmim G Gonçalves, Marcelo Kravicz, Maria A Juliano, Luiz Juliano, Priscyla D Marcato, Claudia H Silva-Lovato, Hamilton Cabral, Evandro Watanabe","doi":"10.1007/s12602-024-10374-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-024-10374-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global health threat posed by antibiotic resistance has led to new research involving bacteriophage-encoded enzymes. This study characterized a new peptidoglycan-degrading protein and evaluated its synergism with colistin and its antimicrobial efficacy when conjugated with polycationic-polymer nanoparticles. The gene that codes for endolysin in the vB_PaeM_USP2, a Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriophage, was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant endolysin (rEnd2) was purified and its biochemical properties were determined using peptidoglycan substrate. The enzymatic activity was measured through peptidoglycan layer degradation and a decrease in turbidity of permeabilized Gram-negative bacteria. The antimicrobial activity of rEnd2, alone and in combination with colistin, was evaluated by checkerboard assay. The antibacterial activity of the cationic lipid oleylamine (OAM) conjugated with rEnd2 (OAM-rEnd2) was evaluated by time killing assay. The rEnd2 is structurally analogue with other endolysins and showed muramidase activity. The rEnd2 maintained higher activity between pH 6.0 to 7.5, had maximum activity at 35 °C, and was not affected by chaotropic and reducing reagents. It was sensitive to an increase in surfactant concentration, being inactivated by sodium dodecyl sulfate and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. Ions exhibited neither a positive nor a negative effect on enzyme activity. The rEnd2 showed clear muralytic activity and decreased turbidity of permeabilized Gram-negative bacteria. However, it did not control bacterial growth despite the combination with an antibiotic and its complexation with polycation (OAM-rEnd2 nanoparticle conjugate). The rEnd2 did not show clear antimicrobial activity suggesting further optimization of conditions for its activity or engineering and modification.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142473164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}