Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Diverse Bacterial Strains for Management of Periodontal Diseases.","authors":"Asma Amani, Keana Koroupi, Mohammad Amin Langarizadeh, Amirhossein Aghilinasab, Marziye Ranjbar Tavakoli, Aylar Afshari, Hamid Forootanfar","doi":"10.1007/s12602-025-10786-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-025-10786-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Periodontal diseases, including gingivitis and periodontitis, are among the most prevalent oral health problems worldwide and are associated with chronic inflammation and tooth loss. Increasing attention has been directed toward the role of the human microbiota, particularly the oral microbiota, in influencing periodontal health and disease. This manuscript presents a narrative review that synthesizes and critically evaluates the available evidence on the therapeutic potential of diverse bacterial strains, with special emphasis on probiotics, as adjunctive agents in the management of periodontal disease. Literature was identified through searches of PubMed and Google Scholar, with priority given to more recent studies. The review discusses host-microbiota interactions, oral microbiome characteristics, immunomodulatory effects of probiotics, and strain-specific outcomes related to periodontal indices. While a number of bacterial strains, including Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium, and selected Streptococcus species, demonstrate potential benefits in reducing plaque accumulation, inflammation, and clinical attachment loss, the findings across studies remain heterogeneous. Overall, probiotics and related microbial strategies represent a promising adjunct to conventional periodontal therapies; however, more standardized and long-term clinical trials are required before firm conclusions can be drawn.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145275628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Probiotic Supplementation for Neonatal Jaundice: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Hui-Min Huang, Bing-Hua Lin, Yi-No Kang, Nai Ming Lai, Kee-Hsin Chen","doi":"10.1007/s12602-025-10795-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-025-10795-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neonatal jaundice (NJ) is a common condition in newborns. Probiotics provide health benefits to the host and are widely used to treat various diseases, including neonatal gastrointestinal disorders. However, their efficacy and safety in NJ remain uncertain. Given the relationship of the neonatal bilirubin metabolism to gastrointestinal function, we aimed to synthesize evidence on the effects of probiotics supplementation on NJ. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure up to January 2025. The eligibility criteria were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the efficacy of probiotics in NJ. Two reviewers independently completed study selection, data extraction, and quality evaluation. Continuous outcomes of interest were pooled as mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using the inverse variance method with random-effects models. Thirty trials with 2776 neonates were included. Probiotic supplementation significantly reduced total serum bilirubin levels from day 1 (MD - 0.35, 95% CI - 0.63 to - 0.06) to day 10 (MD - 1.74, 95% CI - 2.54 to - 0.95) mg/dL. Infants who received probiotics supplementation also showed a significantly shorter duration of phototherapy (MD - 17.09, 95% CI - 24.43 to - 9.76) hours and hospitalization (MD - 1.17, 95% CI - 1.60 to - 0.74) days. Furthermore, probiotic supplementation was associated with a lower incidence of adverse effects, including diarrhea, rashes, and fevers. These benefits were consistent in both preterm and full-term infants. In conclusion, probiotic supplementation may be a well-tolerated adjunctive therapy with short-term benefits for NJ; however, cautious clinical application is warranted, particularly regarding sustained effects. Future large-scale RCTs are needed to validate our findings, optimize treatment approaches, and evaluate long-term efficacy and safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145252317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Scoping Review of Snail Antibacterial Peptides and Proteins: From Natural Defence to Translational Prospects.","authors":"Kar-Cheng Wong, Gopinath Venkatraman, Kumutha Malar Vellasamy, Puteri Shafinaz Abdul-Rahman, Saiful Anuar Karsani","doi":"10.1007/s12602-025-10791-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-025-10791-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remains a pressing global health concern that urges the development of novel therapeutics. Snails, shaped by diverse ecological niches and evolutionary pressures, have emerged as promising reservoirs of antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs). However, existing evidence on snail-derived AMPs remains scattered and underexplored. This scoping review presents the first systematic synthesis focused on AMPs derived from snails, bridging scattered literature into a unified perspective that integrates their diversity, structural features, mechanisms of action, and translational potential. Following the PRISMA-ScR guideline, a comprehensive search was conducted across five major databases, which identified over one hundred AMPs from 28 eligible studies, selected from 1736 records published between 2000 and 2025. The review demonstrates that AMP-producing snails span terrestrial, freshwater, and marine environments, reflecting wide taxonomic and ecological adaptability. The identified AMPs exhibit notable structural diversity, including variation in amino acid richness, secondary structures, and conserved functional domains, and demonstrate broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Several AMPs also show activity against clinically significant ESKAPE pathogens and multidrug-resistant strains prioritised by the WHO. These peptides display high antibacterial potency and multifaceted mechanisms, including membrane disruption, enzymatic degradation, and intracellular targeting activities. Notably, this review highlights their potential relevance in medical, aquaculture, and cosmetic applications. By consolidating fragmented findings from the past 25 years, it provides an application-oriented framework that may guide future discovery and translational efforts. The need for interdisciplinary research and translational strategies will be crucial to reveal the full therapeutic potential of snail-derived AMPs against AMR.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145252390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Status and Future Challenges in the Use of Bacteriocins to Modulate Ruminant Gut Microbiota.","authors":"Nuno M L Paiva, Susana C Ribeiro, Alfredo E S Borba, Célia C G Silva","doi":"10.1007/s12602-025-10792-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-025-10792-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The overuse of antibiotics is leading to an ever-increasing risk of bacterial resistance in animals and humans. In response, new alternatives are emerging to combat these threats, including the use of bacteriocins. Bacteriocins are small peptides secreted by bacteria and have a remarkable antimicrobial effect, usually with a narrow spectrum of inhibition. These antimicrobial peptides raise new hopes in the fight against multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria and have led to several studies in various fields of scientific research. In agriculture, more specifically in cattle production, bacteriocins are an excellent and promising tool for the treatment of mastitis in dairy cows to avoid the overuse of antibiotics. Bacteriocins can also be used to modulate the rumen microbiota to increase feed performance and milk/meat yield. In addition, modulation of rumen microbiota by bacteriocins may reduce methane production and thus the emission of this greenhouse gas by ruminants. This review examines the potential of bacteriocins and bacteriocin-producing bacteria to modulate the rumen microbiota and the resulting effects on ruminant health, productivity, and the reduction of methane emissions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145252348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening and Genetic Analysis of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. Longum dipro-X for IBD Alleviation.","authors":"Yanqing Hao, Wanjin Hu, Weiyang Chen, Ning Xu, Jiang Luo, Weiwei Xiang, Junlin Wu, Wei Jiang, Dongbo Chen, Qinghua Yu","doi":"10.1007/s12602-025-10788-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-025-10788-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Given the limitations of current IBD treatments, this study conducted an in-depth investigation of 17 human-derived Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum strains. Primary screening using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophage inflammation model identified strain F05-044-CM-09 as exhibiting significantly stronger inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) production compared to other strains. To explore the genetic basis of its anti-inflammatory effect, strain-specific gene analysis revealed that F05-044-CM-09 harbors a gene encoding the CHAP domain, suggesting that anti-inflammatory efficacy may involve immunomodulation through dendritic cell activation and interleukin-2 (IL-2) production. A safety assessment performed prior to animal experiments confirmed the absence of virulence genes and genes encoding D-lactate production. In a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced murine colitis model, F05-044-CM-09 intervention significantly ameliorated disease phenotypes by mitigating body weight loss and colon shortening, restoring colonic gland architecture, and reducing inflammatory cell infiltration. Analysis of serum biomarkers showed that F05-044-CM-09 significantly reduced LPS levels, whereas serum TNF-α levels showed a decreasing trend that was not statistically significant. However, colonic TNF-α concentrations were significantly reduced following F05-044-CM-09 intervention. In summary, F05-044-CM-09 has the potential to alleviate enteritis and a good safety profile. It is a promising candidate for the development of anti-inflammatory probiotics and offers new possibilities for IBD treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145252314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunomodulatory Role of Milk on Gut Microbiota: Implications for Enhancing Oral Vaccine Efficacy.","authors":"Nur Ain Mohd Asri, Solehah Mohd Rosdan Bushra, Amiratul Aifa Mohamad Asri, Rapeah Suppian, Mohd Nor Norazmi","doi":"10.1007/s12602-025-10785-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-025-10785-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vaccination is one of the most effective health interventions, sparing an estimated 2-3 million deaths each year. While systemic vaccinations produce strong pathogen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses in the peripheral system, they are often less efficient at establishing protective immunity at mucosal surfaces. Oral vaccinations have the benefit of inducing both systemic and mucosal immunity; nonetheless, they are frequently linked with lower immunogenicity when compared to parenteral vaccines. This variability in response has been related to a variety of factors. However, increasing research points to the gut microbiota as a major, modifiable predictor of vaccine responsiveness. Specific microbial profiles have been associated with increased antibody production and vaccination effectiveness. Milk, a natural source of bioactive substances with prebiotic qualities, has been found to maintain beneficial gut microbiota and may help improve immunological responses to oral vaccination. In this narrative review, we examine the current research on milk and its bioactive compounds in modifying gut microbiota composition, as well as its potential use in increasing oral vaccination efficacy. By applying this knowledge, we intend to address challenges in the development of oral vaccines for more comprehensive and efficient protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145252360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective Effects of Bifidobacterium bifidum Strains with IgA-Potentiating Activity Against ETEC Infection in Weanling Mice.","authors":"Maozhen Zhao, Qiyu Ma, Yang Meng, Weilian Hung, Wen Zhao, Zhaozhong Zeng, Huaxi Yi, Lanwei Zhang, Zhe Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s12602-025-10782-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-025-10782-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) remains a leading cause of diarrheal morbidity and mortality in infants and young children worldwide. Weanling infants are particularly vulnerable due to the loss of maternal immunoglobulin A (IgA) protection and insufficient endogenous IgA production. Bifidobacterium bifidum FL228.1 and FL276.1 have been identified as strains capable of enhancing intestinal IgA levels in healthy weanling mice; however, their protective efficacy under pathogenic challenge was unknown. In this study, these strains were evaluated in an ETEC-infected weanling mouse model. Oral supplementation with FL228.1 or FL276.1 was associated with elevated small intestinal IgA levels (29.30% and 19.27%, respectively) and increased numbers of IgA⁺ cells (1.85-fold and 1.67-fold) compared with uninfected controls. Notably, both interventions markedly reduced ETEC load, alleviated growth retardation, mitigated intestinal tissue injury, and reduced systemic inflammatory responses. In addition, the probiotics counteracted ETEC-induced gut dysbiosis by restricting the overgrowth of pathogenic taxa (e.g., Escherichia-Shigella) and preserving beneficial populations (e.g., norank_f__Muribaculaceae). These results indicate that FL228.1 and FL276.1 confer protection against ETEC infection in weanling mice, an effect associated with their IgA-potentiating activity alongside modulation of inflammation, barrier function, and gut microbiota composition.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145233239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Action of Lipopeptides Derived from Bacillus smithii by Targeting Quorum Sensing.","authors":"Nan Zhao, Xinyue Fan, Muhammad Naveed Sheas, Ting Yu, Fujie Yan","doi":"10.1007/s12602-025-10762-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-025-10762-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Foodborne pathogenic microorganisms and the escalating crisis of antibiotic resistance present significant threats to global public health and food safety. This necessitates the urgent development of sustainable, green, and safe antibiotic alternatives. Lipopeptides, a class of emerging natural antimicrobial agents, offer considerable promise due to their low toxicity, broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, and environmental compatibility. Bacillus smithii, a facultative anaerobic thermophilic bacterium, exhibits probiotic properties, including antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. However, research on its antimicrobial components, particularly their isolation, purification, and mechanistic understanding, remains limited. This study focused on strains of B. smithii XY1 and B. smithii DSM4216^T. Comparative analysis of their secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters revealed high similarity to the fengycin cluster, suggesting both strains possess the potential for efficient expression of analogous lipopeptide antimicrobials. Lipopeptides were successfully isolated and purified using an ammonium sulfate-ethanol extraction method. In vitro assays demonstrated that these lipopeptides possess broad-spectrum inhibitory activity, effectively suppressing the growth, biofilm formation, and swarming motility of pathogenic bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for all pathogenic bacteria tested was less than 62.5 μg/mL. Furthermore, the lipopeptides alleviated bacterial infection in a zebrafish model. Mechanistically, the lipopeptides inhibited the quorum sensing (QS) system of Burkholderia cenocepacia H111, specifically targeting the Burkholderia diffusible signal factor (BDSF) associated signaling pathway. This interference resulted in the suppression of the pathogen's group behaviors and virulence factor expression. This work establishes a theoretical foundation for developing B. smithii-derived lipopeptides as novel natural antimicrobial agents. The strategy of targeting QS inhibition demonstrates significant potential for future antimicrobial interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145233226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplementation of a Dietary Probiotics Blend can Enhance Growth Performance in Guiqian Semi-Fine Wool Sheep by Modulating Rumen Microbiota and Immune Function.","authors":"Yandi Peng, Xiaoyun Shen","doi":"10.1007/s12602-025-10757-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-025-10757-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research examined the effects of different probiotic dosages on three-month-old Guiqian semi-fine wool ram lambs (initial weight: 18.57 ± 0.96 kg). The lambs were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments: a control group (CON) received a standard basal diet, while three experimental groups, PRB1, PRB2, and PRB3, were supplemented with 1,000 mg/kg DMI, 2,000 mg/kg DMI, and 3,000 mg/kg DMI, respectively, of a probiotics blend (containing Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis, each ≥ 1 × 10⁸ CFU/g) over a 60-day period. The findings revealed that probiotics supplementation markedly improved final body weight and average daily gain (ADG), with the PRB2 group showing the most pronounced increase (P < 0.01). Compared with control lambs, probiotic-fed lambs presented significantly elevated serum Ig G and Ig A levels and reduced levels of the proinflammatory markers IL-6 and TNF-α (P < 0.05). The PRB2 group also presented increased Ig M, IL-10, and IL-1β concentrations (P < 0.05). Antioxidant profiling revealed that PRB1 lambs presented increased serum GSH-Px, T-AOC, and CAT activity, whereas PRB2 lambs presented further improvements in these markers plus elevated T-SOD and reduced MDA content (P < 0.05). Probiotics also modulated rumen ecology, lowering the NH₃-N concentration (P < 0.05) while increasing the total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) content. The PRB2 group notably altered the microbial composition, decreasing Bacteroidota and Verrucomicrobiota while increasing Firmicutes at the phylum level (P < 0.05). At the genus level, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group and Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group increased, whereas Prevotella, Succiniclasticum, Selenomonas, and Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group decreased (P < 0.05). The experimental results revealed that the addition of different doses of probiotics to the basal diet improved the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and immunity of Guiqian semi-fine wool sheep and had a positive effect on the rumen microorganisms of Guiqian semi-fine wool sheep, and the best effect was achieved at the addition level of 2000 mg/kg.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145225826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phage-Microbiota Interactions in the Gut: Implications for Health and Therapeutic Strategies.","authors":"Ramtin Naderian, Farnaz Alibabaei, Elham Paraandavaji, Parmida Dehghan, Majid Eslami","doi":"10.1007/s12602-025-10784-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-025-10784-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The diversified ecology of microorganisms, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, and viruses known collectively as the gut microbiota, which includes bacteriophages, is crucial to human health because it affects functions like immune system regulation, vitamin production, and pathogen protection. Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria and are increasingly recognized as a viable treatment option for antibiotic-resistant strains, owing to their high host specificity, which enables precise targeting of drug-resistant bacteria while sparing commensal microbiota. The complex relationships between bacteriophages and gut microbiota are examined, with emphasis on their roles in maintaining health and contributing to disease. Gut microbiota homeostasis is influenced by a number of factors, including age, nutrition, and drugs. Bacteriophages, via lytic cycles and lysogenic conversion, influence the gut microbiota composition and microbial community structure. Gaining an understanding of these processes is crucial to appreciating their contribution to the stability and variety of microbes. Recent research highlights the gut phageome's potential for therapeutic interventions by demonstrating its substantial influence on immunological responses and metabolic problems. The study of phage-microbiota interactions has been transformed by cutting-edge technologies, including high-throughput sequencing, CRISPR-Cas systems, and viral metagenomics, which allow for thorough research and the creation of new therapeutics. Even though tailored medicine and pathogen management hold great potential, obstacles such as regulatory difficulties and bacterial resistance call for additional investigation. Phage-based therapeutic strategies are rapidly advancing, ranging from genetically engineered phages and phages with modified capsid proteins designed to enhance efficacy to phage cocktails that target multiple bacterial strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145200849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}