Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins最新文献

{"title":"Pangenome Analysis and Genome-Guided Probiotic Evaluation of Cyclic Dipeptides Producing Levilactobacillus brevis DY55bre Strain from a Lactic Acid Fermented Shalgam to Assess Its Metabolic, Probiotic Potentials, and Cytotoxic Effects on Colorectal Cancer Cells.","authors":"Ahmet E Yetiman, Mehmet Horzum, Ertan Kanbur, Mehmet Çadir, Dilek Bahar, Şerife Gürbüz, Melisa Z Karaman, Özkan Fidan, Murat Kaya, Sevda Yetiman, Mahmut Doğan, Mikail Akbulut","doi":"10.1007/s12602-025-10760-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-025-10760-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the genetic, metabolic, and probiotic characteristics of Levilactobacillus brevis DY55bre, a strain isolated from the traditional Turkish fermented beverage, shalgam. Whole-genome sequencing revealed a circular genome of 2.485 Mb with a GC content of 45.72%, predicted 2791 genes, and multiple CRISPR-Cas systems. Pangenome analysis demonstrated an open structure, with 18.9% core genes and 103 strain-specific genes, highlighting its genetic diversity. The DY55bre exhibits heterofermentative carbohydrate metabolism due to the presence of the araBAD operon and the lack of 1-phosphofructokinase (pfK) and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase enzymes. Probiotic evaluation revealed firm survival under simulated gastrointestinal conditions, including resistance to acidic pH (as low as 3.0) and bile salts (up to 1%), along with significant adhesion to intestinal epithelial cell lines (HT29;59.3%, Caco-2;87%, and DLD-1;60.8%). The strain exhibited high auto-aggregation (84.55%) and cell surface hydrophobicity (56.69%), essential for gut colonization. Safety assessments confirmed its non-hemolytic nature and absence of horizontally acquired antibiotic resistance genes. Notably, GC-MS analysis identified bioactive cyclic dipeptides, Cyclo(D-Phe-L-Pro) and Cyclo(L-Leu-L-Pro), which demonstrated cytotoxic effects against colorectal cancer cell lines, with IC50 values of 7.71 mg/mL for HT29 and 3.19 mg/mL for DLD-1. The cell-free supernatant exhibited antimicrobial activity against pathogens, likely due to the synergistic effects of cyclic dipeptides, organic acids, and other metabolites. Antioxidant assays revealed significant ABTS⁺ (76.63%) and DPPH (34.25%) radical scavenging activities, while cholesterol assimilation tests showed a 27.29% reduction. These findings position the DY55bre as a promising candidate for functional foods, nutraceuticals, and therapeutic applications, warranting further in vivo validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145200826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lactiplantibacillus plantarum: a Natural Ally in Combating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Related Metabolic Disorders.","authors":"Wenqi Wu, Zhibin Wang, Lina Ding, Yikun Zhang, Kaihui Ma, Hongsheng Li, Yanli Hou, Wenyu Ding","doi":"10.1007/s12602-025-10729-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-025-10729-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review investigates the mechanisms, functional roles, and therapeutic potential of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (previously known as Lactobacillus plantarum) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its associated metabolic disorders. As a widely recognized probiotic species due to its widespread use in food processing and as a natural inhabitant of human and animal gastrointestinal tracts, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum has garnered significant attention for its potential in metabolic regulation. Specifically, this study focuses on its capacities to alleviate insulin resistance, restore insulin secretion, and ameliorate dyslipidemia, among other metabolic disturbances. The mechanisms underlying Lactiplantibacillus plantarum's beneficial effects on lipid and glucose metabolism are multifactorial, including modulation of gut microbiota composition, restoration of intestinal barrier function, mitigation of systemic inflammation, and potentiation of metabolic regulatory pathways. Notably, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum achieves these effects by regulating glycolytic and lipid biosynthesis, modulating intestinal hormone signaling, and influencing cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism. These findings underscore the potential of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum as a probiotic agent in the treatment of T2DM and related disorders. However, to fully harness its therapeutic potential, further studies are required to validate its safety and efficacy in diverse clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145200777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Adaptive Laboratory Evolution Technology Enhances Sulforaphane Production of Lactobacillus plantarum CR12.","authors":"Yunping Wang, Lintai Wang, Liping Luo, Fangjian Ning, Jinwang Li","doi":"10.1007/s12602-025-10750-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-025-10750-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>T he sulforaphane production of wild-type Lactobacillus plantarum CR12 (L. plantarum CR12) is limited. Researchers found that adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) technology can enhance the production of microorganism by altering the growth environment of microorganisms. However, the effectiveness of enhancing the transformation function of L. plantarum CR12 and the safety of the adaptive strain are unknown. To clarify the above problem, ALE technology was used to enhance the sulforaphane conversion rate of L. plantarum CR12. The results showed that the glucoraphanin conversion rate, sulforaphane production rate, and sulforaphane conversion efficiency of adaptive strain were significantly higher than those of the wild-type strain. The adaptive strain could produce sulforaphane in vivo and regulate the gut microbiota structure. The genomes showed that the adaptive strain consists of a 4,165,885 bp chromosome with a GC content of 36.8%, encoding 4172 protein-coding genes. Compared with the wild-type strain, the adaptive strain expresses more glycoside hydrolases and glycosyl transferases, indicating that the adaptive strain possesses higher carbohydrate metabolic capability. Genes related to glucoraphanin metabolism (cliT, bglF, and bglA) were detected in both the genomes of the wild-type strain and adaptive strain, indicating that both the wild-type strain and adaptive strain possess sulforaphane production capabilities. Therefore, the adaptive strain can be safely used to increase the in vivo production of sulforaphane, ultimately improving human health. This research is aimed at providing genetic evidence for further formulating rational genetic engineering strategies to transform the wild-type strain into an overproducer.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145200838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LGG Suppresses Osteoclastogenesis via TLR6/NF-κB Modulation and Attenuates Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss in Mice.","authors":"Kangjun Xiong, Jianghua Li, Yaqing Liu, Yang Pan, Yiping Huang, Dongdong Zhan, Lutong Zhang, Ming Tang, Jing Li, Haohao Sun","doi":"10.1007/s12602-025-10783-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-025-10783-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteoporosis is characterized by decreased bone mass and disrupted microarchitecture. Gut microbiota-derived factors may regulate bone homeostasis. This study investigated the effects and mechanisms of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LGG, conditioned medium (LCM) on osteoclastogenesis and bone loss. RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) was assessed by TRAP staining, F-actin ring imaging, resorption pit assay, qRT-PCR, and Western blotting. Ovariectomized (OVX) mice received oral LCM for 8 weeks. Bone architecture was analyzed by micro-CT and histology (H&E, TRAP, immunohistochemistry). Serum bone turnover markers and toxicity indicators were measured by ELISA. Transcriptome sequencing was performed on LCM-treated BMMs, followed by differential expression and KEGG enrichment analyses. Pathway involvement was validated via pharmacological inhibition. LCM demonstrated favorable biocompatibility while significantly reducing TRAP-positive cell number, F-actin ring formation, and bone resorption area in RANKL-treated BMMs. The expression of osteoclastogenic markers was markedly downregulated. In OVX mice, LCM treatment preserved the trabecular microarchitecture of lumbar vertebrae and femur, increased BV/TV, Tb.Th, and Tb.N, and reduced osteoclast number. Serum bone resorption marker (β-CTx) decreased, while bone formation markers (BALP and P1NP) showed no significant change. No adverse effects were observed in body weight or liver and kidney function indices. Transcriptome analysis revealed NF-κB pathway suppression. Western blotting confirmed that LCM reduced phosphorylation of IKKα, IκBα, and p65. Regulation of TLR6 can restore NF-κB activation and osteoclast function. LCM alleviates bone loss by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis mediated via the TLR6/NF-κB signaling pathway. LGG shows promise as a potential therapeutic agent, warranting further clinical investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145200675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative Approaches to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance: A Review of Emerging Therapies and Technologies.","authors":"Mujeeb Ur Rahman, Junaid Ali Shah, Muhammad Nadeem Khan, Hazrat Bilal, Daochen Zhu, Zongjun Du, Da-Shuai Mu","doi":"10.1007/s12602-025-10676-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-025-10676-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) presents a challenge in infectious diseases, leading to higher illness and deaths worldwide. No new antibiotic has been introduced, leaving healthcare systems vulnerable to resistant pathogens. Researchers are exploring innovative approaches to overcome this growing resistance crisis. One promising strategy is synergistic therapy using combined drugs to enhance efficacy and reduce resistance. Other approaches focus on targeting the specific enzymes or proteins responsible for resistance mechanisms, thereby neutralizing the defense strategies of microorganisms. Advances in drug delivery systems have also shown promise in improving the effectiveness of existing antimicrobial agents. Biotechnological breakthroughs, such as bacteriophages and antibodies, have seen partial clinical implementation, while newer approaches like antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), lysins, and probiotics are still under development. Emerging technologies such as CRISPR-Cas and engineered phages demonstrate significant potential in preclinical studies, offering precision targeting of resistance genes and pathogen-specific lysis, respectively. However, their translational success hinges on overcoming delivery challenges, scalability, and regulatory hurdles. Additionally, physicochemical methods that disrupt microbial activity are being explored as alternative treatments. While innovative therapies like phage-derived lysins and CRISPR-Cas systems show promise in preclinical models, their clinical impact remains to be validated through large-scale trials. Their integration into mainstream medicine will depend on addressing practical challenges such as manufacturing consistency, cost considerations, and real-world efficacy assessments. These efforts are crucial for addressing the growing threat of AMR and advancing more effective, sustainable infection control strategies in clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145200693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Bacteriocin from Insectivorous Bat (Hipposideros speoris) Intestine Mimicking Mammalian FAM216B: Probiotic, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Properties of Enterococcus hirae BNT6.","authors":"Bharat Saini, Avinash Kant Lakra, Sangeeta Behera, Younus Mohd Tilwani, Shekar Babu Kumbha, Varsha Prabhakaran, Karthik Sundaram, S Balasingh, S Suthakar Isaac, Venkatesan Arul","doi":"10.1007/s12602-025-10779-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-025-10779-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The alarming rise of antibiotic resistance necessitates the search for novel and safe alternatives to conventional therapies. Probiotics and their metabolites, particularly bacteriocins, are increasingly recognized for maintaining gut health, combating pathogens, and alleviating oxidative stress. Bats, with their diverse and underexplored gut microbiota, represent a unique reservoir of probiotic strains and bioactive peptides. This study aimed to isolate and characterize a novel probiotic strain from the intestine of the insectivorous bat Hipposideros speoris and evaluate its probiotic attributes, antioxidant potential, safety traits, and bacteriocin production. The isolated strain was identified as Enterococcus hirae BNT6 through 16S rRNA sequencing. Probiotic properties including acid and bile tolerance, cell surface hydrophobicity, adhesion to SW480 epithelial cells, and antioxidant activities (DPPH and ABTS scavenging) were assessed. Safety traits were evaluated through hemolysis, DNase activity, and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Bacteriocin purification was carried out using ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration chromatography and RP-HPLC. Antimicrobial activity was tested against pathogenic bacteria, while molecular characterization was performed by SDS-PAGE, MALDI-TOF MS, peptide mass fingerprinting, spectroscopic analysis, and 3D in silico modeling. E. hirae BNT6 survived at pH 3, tolerated 0.3% bile salts, showed high hydrophobicity (51.7%), and adhered efficiently to SW480 cells. It exhibited strong antioxidant activity (65.7% DPPH and 81.6% ABTS scavenging). Safety evaluation confirmed its non-hemolytic, DNase-negative phenotype and susceptibility to most clinically relevant antibiotics. The purified bacteriocin, Enterocin BNT6, displayed broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Bacillus subtilis, and remained stable under varying pH, temperature, and enzymatic conditions. Molecular analyses indicated a size of ~ 27 kDa (SDS-PAGE) and ~ 15 kDa (MALDI-TOF MS), with peptide mass fingerprinting showing 59% similarity to mammalian FAM216B protein. Structural studies revealed a predominantly α-helical conformation. Our findings establish Enterococcus hirae BNT6 as the first bat-derived probiotic strain producing a FAM216B-like bacteriocin with strong probiotic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. In silico structural modeling revealed a predominantly α-helical, stable conformation with striking similarity to mammalian FAM216B, suggesting potential evolutionary mimicry. These unique attributes highlight its promise as a next-generation therapeutic and microbiome-based intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145200684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital Pathology-Based Morphometric Analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Effects on Splenic Cell Populations in Broiler Chickens.","authors":"Elena S Santana-Trujillo, Jennifer D Salazar-Rincón, Bryan S Sánchez-Beltrán, Gustavo González-Paya, Angel Cruz-Roa, Julieta E Ochoa-Amaya","doi":"10.1007/s12602-025-10736-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-025-10736-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) is a beneficial probiotic for poultry, serving as a natural alternative to antibiotics by promoting biological synergies that enhance animal health and productivity. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of SC on splenic immunomodulation in broiler chickens by characterizing and quantifying immune cell populations-including T lymphocytes (CD3⁺, CD4⁺, CD8⁺, and Treg CD25⁺), macrophages (CD163⁺), and B lymphocytes (CD20⁺)-per mm² of spleen tissue using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Two treatment groups were compared: a control group (CG; n = 8) without SC and an experimental group (PG; n = 8) supplemented with SC at 10⁷ CFU·g^-1. Splenic tissue sections were digitized at 20 × magnification using a MoticEasyScan Infinity 60 slide scanner. Immune cell density and positivity percentages (CD3⁺, CD4⁺, CD8⁺, CD20⁺, CD25⁺, and CD163⁺) were quantified using QuPath digital pathology software. SC supplementation significantly reduced cell density and positivity percentage of CD3⁺ and CD4⁺ T lymphocytes vs. CG and positivity percentage of CD25 cells in PG vs. CG. Supplementation with SC in broiler chickens significantly altered splenic immune cell morphometry, particularly in regions containing CD3⁺, CD4⁺, and positivity in CD25⁺, while no effects were observed on cell density or positivity in CD8⁺, CD20⁺, and CD163⁺ macrophages. Additionally, digital pathology proved effective in enabling precise morphometric quantification of immunohistochemical expression in digitized whole slides.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic Profiling and Antimicrobial Activity of Limosilactobacillus fermentum MB1: Implications for Food Biopreservation.","authors":"Nosyba A Ibrahim, Mitesh Patel, Abdel Moneim Elhadi Sulieman, Haroon Elrasheid Tahir, Reyaz Hassan Mir, Syeda Bushra Fatima, Mohd Adnan","doi":"10.1007/s12602-025-10778-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-025-10778-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Food spoilage caused by microbial contamination remains a significant challenge throughout the food production, processing, and storage chain, contributing substantially to global food waste and economic losses. In this study, L. fermentum MB1 was isolated from home-made curd and systematically evaluated for its probiotic and bio-active properties. The strain exhibited survival under acidic conditions (pH 2.0-3.0), moderate hydrophobicity (28.00-31.66%), and progressive auto-aggregation (29.00% at 12 h). It also showed strong co-aggregation with foodborne pathogens and was confirmed as γ-hemolytic, indicating safety. Antibacterial assays revealed broad inhibitory activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative food pathogens, while antifungal tests demonstrated effectiveness against common food spoilage fungi. Metabolite characterization through FTIR, HPTLC, and HR-LCMS confirmed the presence of diverse bioactive compounds. Additionally, the strain inhibited quorum-sensing-regulated traits, including biofilm formation, pigment production, and bacterial motility. Overall, these findings establish L. fermentum MB1 as a functionally strong probiotic candidate with significant potential for food biopreservation and the development of natural antimicrobial alternatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant-Based Protein Fermentation Medium Optimization for Antimicrobial Cell-Free Supernatant Production by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum K014 Against Cutibacterium acnes.","authors":"Yee Ling Kong, Joo Shun Tan, Choon Fu Goh","doi":"10.1007/s12602-025-10742-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-025-10742-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acne vulgaris is one of the most common dermatological conditions. Growing consumer demand for natural, vegan-friendly skincare has driven exploration of plant-based therapeutics. This study evaluates the antimicrobial potential of cell-free supernatants (CFS) from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermented in plant-based media against Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes). Ten LAB strains were initially screened using agar-well diffusion, and six strains, namely, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum K014, Levilactobacillus brevis C23, Limosilactobacillus reuteri BM5, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei FD1 and FD2, and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CM1, exhibited inhibition zones of 10.33 to 23.67 mm. Strain K014, which exhibited the highest activity, was further evaluated across five plant-based protein substrates. Brown rice yielded the strongest inhibition (16.00 mm). Optimization via response surface methodology (RSM) using central composite design (CCD) identified an optimal formulation of 35 g/L brown rice, 15 g/L yeast extract, and 30 g/L lactose, producing a 21.67-mm inhibition zone. The optimized CFS was freeze-dried (lyophilized CFS, LCFS) and characterized, revealing MIC₅₀ and MIC₉₀ values of 12.5 and 25 mg/mL, respectively. LCFS K014 demonstrated thermal stability between 60 and 121 °C and retained antimicrobial activity at pH 2-5, with reduced efficacy under alkaline conditions. Lactic acid and protein contents were quantified at 20% w/w and 0.15% w/w, respectively. These findings support LCFS K014 as a promising, stable, plant-based anti-acne agent and underscore lactic acid bacterial fermentation as a sustainable strategy for topical therapeutic development.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review on Functional Foods Regulate the Gut Microbiota and Mast Cell Function in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD).","authors":"Arumugam Vignesh, Thomas Cheeran Amal, Raya Soltane, Lienda Bashier Eltayeb, Krishna Kumar Yadav","doi":"10.1007/s12602-025-10751-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-025-10751-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition characterised by intestinal inflammation driven by dysbiosis and immune dysfunction. Conventional therapies often have significant side effects, necessitating safer alternatives. This review explores the potential of functional foods as adjunctive therapies for IBD management. Functional foods, including prebiotics, probiotics, polyphenols, and omega-3 fatty acids, exhibit anti-inflammatory properties through various mechanisms. Prebiotics and probiotics modulate the gut microbiome, promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria and enhancing the production of anti-inflammatory metabolites. Polyphenols possess antioxidant and mast cell stabilising properties, while omega-3 fatty acids suppress pro-inflammatory cytokines. These foods can synergistically restore microbial balance, improve gut barrier function, and modulate immune responses, including reducing mast cell degranulation. Moreover, they addresses critical factors influencing their therapeutic potential, such as optimal functional food doses, bioavailability, and individual variation in response. Practical barriers to the clinical integration of functional foods, such as formulation stability, patient adherence, and regulatory constraints, are also discussed. Moreover, this review highlights the potential of dietary interventions in managing IBD by reducing reliance on medications and improving patient outcomes. However, further research is crucial to optimise the clinical application of functional foods in IBD management and to fully understand their mechanisms of action.</p>","PeriodicalId":20506,"journal":{"name":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}